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Zhang Z, Yu C, Wu Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Yan Y, Zhan Z, Yin S. Semiconducting polymer dots for multifunctional integrated nanomedicine carriers. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101028. [PMID: 38590985 PMCID: PMC11000120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansion applications of semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) among optical nanomaterial field have long posed a challenge for researchers, promoting their intelligent application in multifunctional nano-imaging systems and integrated nanomedicine carriers for diagnosis and treatment. Despite notable progress, several inadequacies still persist in the field of Pdots, including the development of simplified near-infrared (NIR) optical nanoprobes, elucidation of their inherent biological behavior, and integration of information processing and nanotechnology into biomedical applications. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate the current status of Pdots as a classical nanophotonic material by discussing its advantages and limitations in terms of biocompatibility, adaptability to microenvironments in vivo, etc. Multifunctional integration and surface chemistry play crucial roles in realizing the intelligent application of Pdots. Information visualization based on their optical and physicochemical properties is pivotal for achieving detection, sensing, and labeling probes. Therefore, we have refined the underlying mechanisms and constructed multiple comprehensive original mechanism summaries to establish a benchmark. Additionally, we have explored the cross-linking interactions between Pdots and nanomedicine, potential yet complete biological metabolic pathways, future research directions, and innovative solutions for integrating diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review presents the possible expectations and valuable insights for advancing Pdots, specifically from chemical, medical, and photophysical practitioners' standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Haotian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Yining Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Zhixin Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
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2
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Warerkar OD, Mudliar NH, Momin MM, Singh PK. Targeting Amyloids with Coated Nanoparticles: A Review on Potential Combinations of Nanoparticles and Bio-Compatible Coatings. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:85-119. [PMID: 37938191 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023046209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is the major cause of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's where the misfolding and deposition of a previously functional protein make it inept for carrying out its function. The genesis of amyloid fibril formation and the strategies to inhibit it have been studied extensively, although some parts of this puzzle still remain unfathomable to date. Many classes of molecules have been explored as potential drugs in vitro, but their inability to work in vivo by crossing the blood-brain-barrier has made them an inadequate treatment option. In this regard, nanoparticles (NPs) have turned out to be an exciting alternative because they could overcome many drawbacks of previously studied molecules and provide advantages, such as, greater bioavailability of molecules and target-specific delivery of drugs. In this paper, we present an overview on several coated NPs which have shown promising efficiency in inhibiting fibril formation. A hundred and thirty papers published in the past two decades have been comprehensively reviewed, which majorly encompass NPs comprising different materials like gold, silver, iron-oxide, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), polymeric NP, etc., which are coated with various molecules of predominantly natural origin, such as different types of amino acids, peptides, curcumin, drugs, catechin, etc. We hope that this review will shed light on the advancement of symbiotic amalgamation of NPs with molecules from natural sources and will inspire further research on the tremendous therapeutic potential of these combinations for many amyloid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshin D Warerkar
- SVKM's Shri C.B. Patel Research Centre, Vile Parle, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Niyati H Mudliar
- SVKM's Shri C.B. Patel Research Centre, Vile Parle, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Munira M Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; SVKM's Shri C.B. Patel Research Centre for Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Prabhat K Singh
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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3
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Zou W, Yang L, Lu H, Li M, Ji D, Slone J, Huang T. Application of super-resolution microscopy in mitochondria-dynamic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115043. [PMID: 37536507 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Limited by spatial and temporal resolution, traditional optical microscopy cannot image the delicate ultra-structure organelles and sub-organelles. The emergence of super-resolution microscopy makes it possible. In this review, we focus on mitochondria. We summarize the process of mitochondrial dynamics, the primary proteins that regulate mitochondrial morphology, the diseases related to mitochondrial dynamics. The purpose is to apply super-resolution microscopy developed during recent years to the mitochondrial research. By providing the right research tools, we will help to promote the application of this technique to the in-depth elucidation of the pathogenesis of diseases related to mitochondrial dynamics, assistdiagnosis and develop the therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hedong Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jesse Slone
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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4
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Sun N, Jia Y, Bai S, Li Q, Dai L, Li J. The power of super-resolution microscopy in modern biomedical science. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102880. [PMID: 36965225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) technology that breaks the diffraction limit has revolutionized the field of cell biology since its appearance, which enables researchers to visualize cellular structures with nanometric resolution, multiple colors and single-molecule sensitivity. With the flourishing development of hardware and the availability of novel fluorescent probes, the impact of SRM has already gone beyond cell biology and extended to nanomedicine, material science and nanotechnology, and remarkably boosted important breakthroughs in these fields. In this review, we will mainly highlight the power of SRM in modern biomedical science, discussing how these SRM techniques revolutionize the way we understand cell structures, biomaterials assembly and how assembled biomaterials interact with cellular organelles, and finally their promotion to the clinical pre-diagnosis. Moreover, we also provide an outlook on the current technical challenges and future improvement direction of SRM. We hope this review can provide useful information, inspire new ideas and propel the development both from the perspective of SRM techniques and from the perspective of SRM's applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Yi Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shiwei Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Luru Dai
- Wenzhou Institute and Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049.
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5
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Gong J, Jin Z, Chen H, He J, Zhang Y, Yang X. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopic imaging in pathogenesis and drug treatment of neurological disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114791. [PMID: 37004939 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Since super-resolution fluorescence microscopic technology breaks the diffraction limit that has existed for a long time in optical imaging, it can observe the process of synapses formed between nerve cells and the protein aggregation related to neurological disease. Thus, super-resolution fluorescence microscopic imaging has significantly impacted several industries, including drug development and pathogenesis research, and it is anticipated that it will significantly alter the future of life science research. Here, we focus on several typical super-resolution fluorescence microscopic technologies, introducing their benefits and drawbacks, as well as applications in several common neurological diseases, in the hope that their services will be expanded and improved in the pathogenesis and drug treatment of neurological diseases.
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Impact of nanoparticles on amyloid β-induced Alzheimer's disease, tuberculosis, leprosy and cancer: a systematic review. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232435. [PMID: 36630532 PMCID: PMC9905792 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary domain of science, technology and engineering that deals with nano-sized materials/particles. Usually, the size of nanoparticles lies between 1 and 100 nm. Due to their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio, nanoparticles exhibit high reactivity, greater stability and adsorption capacity. These important physicochemical properties attract scientific community to utilize them in biomedical field. Various types of nanoparticles (inorganic and organic) have broad applications in medical field ranging from imaging to gene therapy. These are also effective drug carriers. In recent times, nanoparticles are utilized to circumvent different treatment limitations. For example, the ability of nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier and having a certain degree of specificity towards amyloid deposits makes themselves important candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, nanotechnology has been used extensively to overcome several pertinent issues like drug-resistance phenomenon, side effects of conventional drugs and targeted drug delivery issue in leprosy, tuberculosis and cancer. Thus, in this review, the application of different nanoparticles for the treatment of these four important diseases (Alzheimer's disease, tuberculosis, leprosy and cancer) as well as for the effective delivery of drugs used in these diseases has been presented systematically. Although nanoformulations have many advantages over traditional therapeutics for treating these diseases, nanotoxicity is a major concern that has been discussed subsequently. Lastly, we have presented the promising future prospective of nanoparticles as alternative therapeutics. In that section, we have discussed about the futuristic approach(es) that could provide promising candidate(s) for the treatment of these four diseases.
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Wu Y, Shi C, Wang G, Sun H, Yin S. Recent Advances in the Development and Applications of Conjugated Polymer dots. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2995-3015. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer dots or semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) are nanoparticles prepared based on organic polymers. Pdots have the advantages of lower cost, simple preparation process, good biocompatibility, excellent stability, easy...
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8
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Zhang Z, Yuan Q, Li M, Bao B, Tang Y. A Ratiometric Fluorescent Conjugated Oligomer for Amyloid β Recognition, Aggregation Inhibition, and Detoxification. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104581. [PMID: 34708516 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive recognition and effective inhibition of toxic amyloid β protein (Aβ) aggregates play a critical role in early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, a new conjugated oligo(fluorene-co-phenylene) (OFP) modified with 1,8-naphthalimide (NA) derivative OFP-NA-NO2 is designed and synthesized as a ratiometric fluorescence probe for sensing Aβ, inhibiting the assembly of Aβ, and detoxicating the cytotoxicity of Aβ aggregates. In the presence of Aβ, the active ester group on the side chain of OFP-NA-NO2 can covalently react with the amino group on Aβ, effectively inhibiting the formation of Aβ aggregates and degrading the preformed fibrils. In this case, the fluorescence intensity ratio of NA to OFP (INA /IOFP ) increases greatly. The detection limit is calculated to be 89.9 nM, presenting the most sensitive ratiometric recognition of Aβ. Interestingly, OFP-NA-NO2 can dramatically recover the cell viability of PC-12 and restore the Aβ-clearing ability of microglia. Therefore, this ratiometric probe exhibits the targeted recognition of Aβ, effective inhibition of Aβ aggregates, and detox effect, which is potential for early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Benkai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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9
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Abstract
Fluorescence imaging techniques play a pivotal role in our understanding of the nervous system. The emergence of various super-resolution microscopy methods and specialized fluorescent probes enables direct insight into neuronal structure and protein arrangements in cellular subcompartments with so far unmatched resolution. Super-resolving visualization techniques in neurons unveil a novel understanding of cytoskeletal composition, distribution, motility, and signaling of membrane proteins, subsynaptic structure and function, and neuron-glia interaction. Well-defined molecular targets in autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease models provide excellent starting points for in-depth investigation of disease pathophysiology using novel and innovative imaging methodology. Application of super-resolution microscopy in human brain samples and for testing clinical biomarkers is still in its infancy but opens new opportunities for translational research in neurology and neuroscience. In this review, we describe how super-resolving microscopy has improved our understanding of neuronal and brain function and dysfunction in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Werner
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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10
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Huang Y, Chang Y, Liu L, Wang J. Nanomaterials for Modulating the Aggregation of β-Amyloid Peptides. Molecules 2021; 26:4301. [PMID: 34299575 PMCID: PMC8305396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain has been recognized as the major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the inhibition and dissociation of Aβ aggregation are believed to be effective therapeutic strategiesforthe prevention and treatment of AD. When integrated with traditional agents and biomolecules, nanomaterials can overcome their intrinsic shortcomings and boost their efficiency via synergistic effects. This article provides an overview of recent efforts to utilize nanomaterials with superior properties to propose effective platforms for AD treatment. The underlying mechanismsthat are involved in modulating Aβ aggregation are discussed. The summary of nanomaterials-based modulation of Aβ aggregation may help researchers to understand the critical roles in therapeutic agents and provide new insight into the exploration of more promising anti-amyloid agents and tactics in AD theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaliang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
- Henan Province of Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Yong Chang
- Henan Province of Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Lin Liu
- Henan Province of Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
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Nguyen PH, Ramamoorthy A, Sahoo BR, Zheng J, Faller P, Straub JE, Dominguez L, Shea JE, Dokholyan NV, De Simone A, Ma B, Nussinov R, Najafi S, Ngo ST, Loquet A, Chiricotto M, Ganguly P, McCarty J, Li MS, Hall C, Wang Y, Miller Y, Melchionna S, Habenstein B, Timr S, Chen J, Hnath B, Strodel B, Kayed R, Lesné S, Wei G, Sterpone F, Doig AJ, Derreumaux P. Amyloid Oligomers: A Joint Experimental/Computational Perspective on Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Type II Diabetes, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2545-2647. [PMID: 33543942 PMCID: PMC8836097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is observed in many amyloidogenic diseases affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. Structural and dynamic characterization of all species along the pathways from monomers to fibrils is challenging by experimental and computational means because they involve intrinsically disordered proteins in most diseases. Yet understanding how amyloid species become toxic is the challenge in developing a treatment for these diseases. Here we review what computer, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacological experiments tell us about the accumulation and deposition of the oligomers of the (Aβ, tau), α-synuclein, IAPP, and superoxide dismutase 1 proteins, which have been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes (T2D), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, respectively, for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Molecular Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mara Chiricotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Pritam Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James McCarty
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carol Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stepan Timr
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Brianna Hnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sylvain Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Andrew J Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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12
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Ye Z, Geng X, Wei L, Li Z, Lin S, Xiao L. Length-Dependent Distinct Cytotoxic Effect of Amyloid Fibrils beyond Optical Diffraction Limit Revealed by Nanoscopic Imaging. ACS NANO 2021; 15:934-943. [PMID: 33320527 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar species have been proposed to play an essential role in the cytotoxicity of amyloid peptide and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Discrimination of Aβ aggregates in situ at high spatial resolution is therefore significant for the development of a therapeutic method. In this work, we adopt a rhodamine-like structure as luminescent centers to fabricate carbonized fluorescent nanoparticles (i.e., carbon dots, RhoCDs) with tunable emission wavelengths from green to red and burst-like photoblinking property for localization-based nanoscopic imaging. These RhoCDs contain lipophilic cationic and carboxyl groups which can specifically bind with Aβ1-40 aggregates via electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. According to the nanoscopic imaging in the Aβ1-40 fibrillation and disaggregation process, different types of Aβ1-40 aggregates beyond the optical diffraction limit have been disclosed. Additionally, length-dependent toxic effect of Aβ1-40 aggregates beyond the optical diffraction limit is unveiled. Short amyloid assemblies with length of 187 ± 3.9 nm in the early stage are more toxic than the elongated amyloid fibrils. Second, disassembly of long fibrils into short species by Gramicidin S (GS-2) peptide might enhance the cytotoxicity. These results lay the foundation to develop functional fluorophore for nanoscopic imaging and also provide deep insight into morphology-dependent cytotoxicity from amyloid peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lin Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Ghosh P, Bera A, De P. Current status, challenges and future directions in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by polymeric materials. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li Y, Tang H, Andrikopoulos N, Javed I, Cecchetto L, Nandakumar A, Kakinen A, Davis TP, Ding F, Ke PC. The membrane axis of Alzheimer's nanomedicine. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2000040. [PMID: 33748816 PMCID: PMC7971452 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurological disorder impairing its carrier's cognitive function, memory and lifespan. While the development of AD nanomedicine is still nascent, the field is evolving into a new scientific frontier driven by the diverse physicochemical properties and theranostic potential of nanomaterials and nanocomposites. Characteristic to the AD pathology is the deposition of amyloid plaques and tangles of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau, whose aggregation kinetics may be curbed by nanoparticle inhibitors via sequence-specific targeting or nonspecific interactions with the amyloidogenic proteins. As literature implicates cell membrane as a culprit in AD pathogenesis, here we summarize the membrane axis of AD nanomedicine and present a new rationale that the field development may greatly benefit from harnessing our existing knowledge of Aβ-membrane interaction, nanoparticle-membrane interaction and Aβ-nanoparticle interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Huayuan Tang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Nicholas Andrikopoulos
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Luca Cecchetto
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aparna Nandakumar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Aleksandr Kakinen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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16
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Ma Y, Ye Z, Zhang C, Wang X, Li HW, Wong MS, Luo HB, Xiao L. Deep Red Blinking Fluorophore for Nanoscopic Imaging and Inhibition of β-Amyloid Peptide Fibrillation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11341-11351. [PMID: 32857496 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deposition and aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are demonstrated to be closely related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Development of functional molecules capable of visualizing Aβ1-40 aggregates with nanoscale resolution and even modulating Aβ assembly has attracted great attention recently. In this work, we use monocyanine fluorophore as the lead structure to develop a set of deep red carbazole-based cyanine molecules, which can specifically bind with Aβ1-40 fibril via electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations demonstrate that one of these fluorophores, (E)-1-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)-4-(2-(9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)vinyl) quinolinium iodide (me-slg) can bind to Aβ1-40 aggregates with strong fluorescence enhancement. The photophysical properties of me-slg at the single-molecule level, including low "on/off" duty cycle, high photon output, and sufficient switching cycles, enable real-time nanoscopic imaging of Aβ1-40 aggregates. Morphology-dependent toxic effect of Aβ1-40 aggregates toward PC12 cells is unveiled from in situ nanoscopic fluorescence imaging. In addition, me-slg displays a strong inhibitory effect on Aβ1-40 fibrillation in a low inhibitor-protein ratio (e.g., I:P = 0.2). A noticeably reduced cytotoxic effect of Aβ1-40 after the addition of me-slg is also confirmed. These results afford promising applications in the design of a nanoscopic imaging probe for amyloid fibril as well as the development of inhibitors to modulate the fibrillation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung-Wing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Shing Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Andrikopoulos N, Li Y, Cecchetto L, Nandakumar A, Da Ros T, Davis TP, Velonia K, Ke PC. Nanomaterial synthesis, an enabler of amyloidosis inhibition against human diseases. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14422-14440. [PMID: 32638780 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04273k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are global epidemics with no cure currently available. In the past decade, the use of engineered nanomaterials as inhibitors or probes against the pathogenic aggregation of amyloid peptides and proteins has emerged as a new frontier in nanomedicine. In this Minireview, we summarize for the first time the pivotal role of chemical synthesis in enabling the development of this multidisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Andrikopoulos
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Luca Cecchetto
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aparna Nandakumar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia.
| | - Kelly Velonia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Zhou Y, Liu J, Zheng T, Tian Y. Label-Free SERS Strategy for In Situ Monitoring and Real-Time Imaging of Aβ Aggregation Process in Live Neurons and Brain Tissues. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5910-5920. [PMID: 32227892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of Aβ has been reported to closely correlate with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, clear monitoring of the entire aggregation process of Aβ from monomer to fibril has been scarcely reported until now. Herein, we developed a label-free ratiometric surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) platform for real-time monitoring of the entire process of Aβ aggregation in neurons and brain tissues. Different gold nanoparticles, generated in situ with Aβ monomer and fibril as templates separately, were served as effective SERS substrates to achieve a high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 70 ± 4 pM and 3.0 ± 0.5 pM for Aβ40 monomer and fibrils, respectively. Besides, the introduction of ratiometric determination of Aβ monomer and fibril (I1244/I1268) realized real-time monitoring of the entire aggregation process of Aβ monomer with high accuracy and selectivity against other proteins and amino acids. The significant analytical performance of the developed platform, together with good biocompatibility, long-term stability, and remarkable spatial resolution, enabled the present SERS platform imaging and real-time monitoring and imaging of Aβ aggregation influenced by different metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+) in neurons and brain tissues at the single cell level. Our results suggested that Cu2+ and Zn2+ ion of low concentration (10 μM) promoted fibril formation, while Fe3+ and Zn2+ of high concentration (100 μM) showed inhibition of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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Zhao M, Xu F, Wang L, Chen H. A single-particle enumeration method for the detection of Fe 2+ based on a near-infrared core-shell upconversion nanoparticle and IR-808 dye composite nanoprobe. Analyst 2019; 145:530-536. [PMID: 31761917 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous ion (Fe2+) is an important component of hemoglobin and plays a role in transporting O2 to human tissues. If iron deficiency is present, iron deficiency anemia may occur, so it is critical to develop sensitive and accurate methods to detect Fe2+. Herein, a novel luminescence energy transfer (ET) system has been designed for the sensitive detection of Fe2+ by a single-particle enumeration (SPE) method in the near-infrared (NIR) region through combining NIR-to-NIR β-NaGdF4:Yb,Tm@NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and IR-808 dye. IR-808 dye can quench the luminescence of the UCNPs because of the efficient overlap between the absorption spectrum of IR-808 and the emission spectrum of the UCNPs. When Fe2+ and H2O2 are added to the system, the Fenton reaction produces hydroxyl radicals (˙OH). The generated ˙OH reacts with IR-808 and the structure of IR-808 is destroyed. As a result, the ET process is suppressed, causing recovery of the luminescence of the UCNPs, which is reflected as an increase in the number of luminescent particles. Accurate quantification of Fe2+ is achieved by statistically counting the target concentration-dependent luminescent particles. Under the optimal conditions, the linear detection range of Fe2+ is 5-10 000 nM, which is much wider than the ensemble luminescence spectra measurements in bulk solution. Moreover, this strategy can be applied to detection in serum samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China.
| | - Fagong Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China.
| | - Lun Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China.
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China.
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