1
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Utzinger B, Dixit DD, Lillehoj PB. Microfluidic finger-actuated mixer for ultrasensitive electrochemical measurements of protein biomarkers for point-of-care testing. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3802-3809. [PMID: 38979726 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Current diagnostic tests for high sensitivity detection of protein biomarkers involve long incubation times or require bulky/expensive instrumentation, hindering their use for point-of-care testing. Here, we report a microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor that employs a unique finger-actuated mixer for rapid, ultrasensitive measurements of protein biomarkers. Mixing was implemented during the incubation steps, which accelerated biomolecular transport and promoted immunocomplex formation, leading to enhanced analytical sensitivity and a shortened detection time. Electrochemical measurements were performed using a handheld diagnostic device consisting of a smartphone and miniature potentiostat. Proof of principle was demonstrated by using this platform for quantitative measurements of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), a serological biomarker for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, which could be detected in human plasma at concentrations as low as 4.7 pg mL-1 in <25 min. The ability to rapidly detect protein biomarkers with high sensitivity in a point-of-care format makes this device a promising tool for diagnostic testing, particularly in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Utzinger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Desh Deepak Dixit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Peter B Lillehoj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Jayachandran A, Parween S, Asthana A, Kar S. Microfluidics-Based Blood Typing Devices: An In-Depth Overview. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:59-79. [PMID: 38115212 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Identification of correct blood types holds paramount importance in understanding the pathophysiological parameters of patients, therapeutic interventions, and blood transfusion. Considering the wide applications of blood typing, the requirement of centralized laboratory facilities is not well suited on many occasions. In this context, there has been a significant development of such blood typing devices on different microfluidic platforms. The advantages of these microfluidic devices offer easy, rapid test protocols, which could potentially be adapted in resource-limited settings and thereby can truly lead to the decentralization of testing facilities. The advantages of pump-free liquid transport (i.e., low power consumption) and biodegradability of paper substrates (e.g., reduction in medical wastes) make it a more preferred platform in comparison to other microfluidic devices. However, these devices are often coupled with some inherent challenges, which limit their potential to be used on a mass commercial scale. In this context, our Review offers a succinct summary of the recent development, especially to understand the importance of underlying facets for long-term sustainability. Our Review also delineates the role of integration with digital technologies to minimize errors in interpreting the readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Jayachandran
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Shahila Parween
- MNR Foundation for Research & Innovations (MNR-FRI), MNR Medical College & Hospital, MNR Nagar, Narsapur Road, Sangareddy 502294, India
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Shantimoy Kar
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
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3
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Du Z, Chen L, Yang S. Advancements in the research of finger-actuated POCT chips. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:65. [PMID: 38158397 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic point-of-care testing (POCT) chips are used to enable the mixing and reaction of small sample volumes, facilitating target molecule detection. Traditional methods for actuating POCT chips rely on external pumps or power supplies, which are complex and non-portable. The development of finger-actuated chips has reduced operational difficulty and improved portability, promoting the development of POCT chips. This paper reviews the significance, developments, and potential applications of finger-actuated POCT chips. Three methods for controlling the flow accuracy of finger-actuated chips are summarized: direct push, indirect control, and sample injection control method, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile, a comprehensive analysis of multi-fluid driving modes is provided, categorizing them into single-push multi-driving and multi-push multi-driving modes. Furthermore, recent research breakthroughs in finger-actuated chips are thoroughly summarized, and their structures, driving, and detection methods are discussed. Finally, this paper discusses the driving performance of finger-actuated chips, the suitability of detection scenarios, and the compatibility with existing detection technologies. It also provides prospects for the future development and application of finger-actuated POCT chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Du
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ling Chen
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Shaohui Yang
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Renewable Energy Equipment of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Cleaning Utilization and Development of Fujian Province, Xiamen, 361021, China
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4
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Xiang X, Xing G, Liu Y, Wen Q, Wei Y, Lu J, Chen Y, Ji Y, Chen S, Liu T, Shang Y. Immunomagnetic Separation Combined with RCA-CRISPR/Cas12a for the Detection of Salmonella typhimurium on a Figure-Actuated Microfluidic Biosensor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13518-13526. [PMID: 37658470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
A figure-actuated microfluidic biosensor was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium using immunomagnetic separation to separate target bacteria and rolling circle amplification (RCA) combined with CRISPR/Cas12a to amplify the detection signal. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with the capture antibodies (MNPs@Ab1) and RCA primer linked with recognized antibodies (primer@Ab2) were first used to react with S. typhimurium, resulting in the formation of MNPs@Ab1-S. typhimurium-primer@Ab2 complexes. Then, the RCA and CRISPR/Cas12a reagents were successively pumped into the chamber and incubated at the appropriate conditions. With the help of a 3D-printed signal detector, the fluorescence signal was collected and analyzed using the smartphone APP for the determination of bacterial concentration. This biosensor exhibited a wide linear range for the detection of S. typhimurium with a low limit of detection of 1.93 × 102 CFU/mL and a mean recovery of about 106% in the spiked milk sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Gaowa Xing
- Xining Urban Vocational & Technical College, Xining 810000, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Qianyu Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yuhuan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jiaran Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yuhan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Shuhan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety & Nutrition Function Evaluation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yuting Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Yedire SG, Hosseini II, Shieh H, Khorrami Jahromi A, AbdelFatah T, Jalali M, Mahshid S. Additive manufacturing leveraged microfluidic setup for sample to answer colorimetric detection of pathogens. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4134-4145. [PMID: 37656450 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric readout for the detection of infectious diseases is gaining traction at the point of care/need owing to its ease of analysis and interpretation, and integration potential with highly specific loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays. However, coupling colorimetric readout with LAMP is rife with challenges including, rapidity, inter-user variability, colorimetric signal quantification, and user involvement in sequential steps of the LAMP assay, hindering its application. To address these challenges, for the first time, we propose a remotely smartphone-operated automated setup consisting of (i) an additively manufactured microfluidic cartridge, (ii) a portable reflected-light imaging setup with controlled epi-illumination (PRICE) module, and (iii) a control and data analysis module. The microfluidic cartridge facilitates sample collection, lysis, mixing of amplification reagents stored on-chip, and subsequent isothermal heating for initiation of amplification in a novel way by employing tunable elastomeric chambers and auxiliary components (heaters and linear actuators). PRICE offers a new imaging setup that captures the colorimetric change of the amplification media over a plasmonic nanostructured substrate in a controlled and noise-free environment for rapid minute-scale nucleic acid detection. The control and data analysis module employs microprocessors to automate cartridge operation in tandem with the imaging module. The different device components were characterized individually and finally, as a proof of concept, SARS-CoV-2 wild-type RNA was detected with a turnaround time of 13 minutes, showing the device's clinical feasibility. The suggested automated device can be adopted in future iterations for other detection and molecular assays that require sequential fluid handling steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Shieh
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | | | - Tamer AbdelFatah
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
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6
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Nam SW, Jeon DG, Yoon YR, Lee GH, Chang Y, Won DI. Hemagglutination Assay via Optical Density Characterization in 3D Microtrap Chips. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:733. [PMID: 37504130 PMCID: PMC10377501 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Hemagglutination assay has been used for blood typing and detecting viruses, thus applicable for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Therefore, the development of microfluidic devices for fast detection of hemagglutination is on-demand for point-of-care diagnosis. Here, we present a way to detect hemagglutination in 3D microfluidic devices via optical absorbance (optical density, OD) characterization. 3D printing is a powerful way to build microfluidic structures for diagnostic devices. However, mixing liquid in microfluidic chips is difficult due to laminar flow, which hampers practical applications such as antigen-antibody mixing. To overcome the issue, we fabricated 3D microfluidic chips with embedded microchannel and microwell structures to induce hemagglutination between red blood cells (RBCs) and antibodies. We named it a 3D microtrap chip. We also established an automated measurement system which is an integral part of diagnostic devices. To do this, we developed a novel way to identify RBC agglutination and non-agglutination via the OD difference. By adapting a 3D-printed aperture to the microtrap chip, we obtained a pure absorbance signal from the microchannels by eliminating the background brightness of the microtrap chip. By investigating the underlying optical physics, we provide a 3D device platform for detecting hemagglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea
- DanielBio Research Center, Daegu 42694, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jeon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Won
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
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7
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Ahmad NN, Ghazali NNN, Abdul Rani AT, Othman MH, Kee CC, Jiwanti PK, Rodríguez-Gómez A, Wong YH. Finger-Actuated Micropump of Constant Flow Rate without Backflow. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:881. [PMID: 37421113 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a finger-actuated micropump with a consistent flow rate and no backflow. The fluid dynamics in interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction microfluidics are studied through analytical, simulation, and experimental methods. Head losses, pressure drop, diodocity, hydrogel swelling, criteria for hydrogel absorption, and consistency flow rate are examined in order to access microfluidic performance. In terms of consistency, the experimental result revealed that after 20 s of duty cycles with full deformation on the flexible diaphragm, the output pressure became uniform and the flow rate remained at nearly constant levels of 2.2 μL/min. The flow rate discrepancy between the experimental and predicted flow rates is around 22%. In terms of diodicity, when the serpentine microchannel and hydrogel-assisted reservoir are added to the microfluidic system integration, the diodicity increases by 2% (Di = 1.48) and 34% (Di = 1.96), respectively, compared to when the Tesla integration (Di = 1.45) is used alone. A visual and experimentally weighted analysis finds no signs of backflow. These significant flow characteristics demonstrate their potential usage in many low-cost and portable microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- NurFarrahain Nadia Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Federal Territory, Malaysia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nazri Nik Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Federal Territory, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Taufiq Abdul Rani
- Industrial and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hafiz Othman
- Department of Process & Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chia Ching Kee
- Centre for Advance Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment & Information Technology, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya 47810, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Prastika Krisma Jiwanti
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Arturo Rodríguez-Gómez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 20-364, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Yew Hoong Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Federal Territory, Malaysia
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8
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Chen L, Guo X, Sun X, Zhang S, Wu J, Yu H, Zhang T, Cheng W, Shi Y, Pan L. Porous Structural Microfluidic Device for Biomedical Diagnosis: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:547. [PMID: 36984956 PMCID: PMC10051279 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently received more and more attention in applications such as biomedical, chemical and medicine. With the development of microelectronics technology as well as material science in recent years, microfluidic devices have made great progress. Porous structures as a discontinuous medium in which the special flow phenomena of fluids lead to their potential and special applications in microfluidics offer a unique way to develop completely new microfluidic chips. In this article, we firstly introduce the fabrication methods for porous structures of different materials. Then, the physical effects of microfluid flow in porous media and their related physical models are discussed. Finally, the state-of-the-art porous microfluidic chips and their applications in biomedicine are summarized, and we present the current problems and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xidi Sun
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Shi
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Lijia Pan
- Correspondence: (X.S.); (Y.S.); (L.P.)
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9
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Han J, Lim HJ, Park J, Han DH, Kim DM, Park JK. On-chip microfluidic dual detection of amino acid metabolism disorders using cell-free protein synthesis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114936. [PMID: 36455376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Various metabolic diseases are associated with the accumulation of specific amino acids due to abnormal metabolic pathways, and thus can be diagnosed by measuring the level of amino acids in body fluids. However, present methods for amino acid analysis are not readily accessible because they require a complex experimental setup, expensive equipment, and a long processing time. Here, we present a dual sensing microfluidic device that enables fast, portable, and quantitative analysis of target amino acids, harnessing the biological mechanism of protein synthesis. In this device, the working principle of a finger-actuated pumping unit is applied, and the microchannels are designed to perform cell-free synthesis of a reporter protein in response to the target amino acids in the assay samples. Multiple steps required for the translational assay are controlled by the simple operation of two pushbuttons on the device. It is demonstrated that the developed microfluidic device provides precise quantification of two amino acids (methionine and phenylalanine) within 30 min at room temperature. We expect that the application of the presented device can be readily extended to the point-of-care testing of other metabolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Han
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Han
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Duan K, Orabi M, Warchock A, Al-Akraa Z, Ajami Z, Chun TH, Lo JF. Monolithically 3D-Printed Microfluidics with Embedded µTesla Pump. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020237. [PMID: 36837937 PMCID: PMC9965163 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has earned a reputation for providing numerous transformative but disconnected devices and techniques. Active research seeks to address this challenge by integrating microfluidic components, including embedded miniature pumps. However, a significant portion of existing microfluidic integration relies on the time-consuming manual fabrication that introduces device variations. We put forward a framework for solving this disconnect by combining new pumping mechanics and 3D printing to demonstrate several novel, integrated and wirelessly driven microfluidics. First, we characterized the simplicity and performance of printed microfluidics with a minimum feature size of 100 µm. Next, we integrated a microtesla (µTesla) pump to provide non-pulsatile flow with reduced shear stress on beta cells cultured on-chip. Lastly, the integration of radio frequency (RF) device and a hobby-grade brushless motor completed a self-enclosed platform that can be remotely controlled without wires. Our study shows how new physics and 3D printing approaches not only provide better integration but also enable novel cell-based studies to advance microfluidic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Mohamad Orabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Alexus Warchock
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Zaynab Al-Akraa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Zeinab Ajami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Tae-Hwa Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joe F. Lo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan–Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
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11
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Haque ME, Conde AJ, MacPherson WN, Knight SR, Carter RM, Kersaudy-Kerhoas M. A microfluidic finger-actuated blood lysate preparation device enabled by rapid acoustofluidic mixing. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:62-71. [PMID: 36477089 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For many blood-based diagnostic tests, including prophylactic drug analysis and malaria assays, red blood cells must be lysed effectively prior to their use in an analytical workflow. We report on a finger-actuated blood lysate preparation device, which utilises a previously reported acoustofluidic micromixer module. The integrated device includes a range of innovations from a sample interface, to the integration of blisters on a laser engraved surface and a large volume (130 μL) one-stroke manual pump which could be useful in other low-cost microfluidic-based point-of-care devices. The adaptability of the acoustic mixer is demonstrated on highly viscous fluids, including whole blood, with up to 65% percent volume fraction of red blood cells. Used in conjunction with a lysis buffer, the micromixer unit is also shown to lyse a finger-prick (approximately 20 μL) blood sample in 30 seconds and benchmarked across ten donor samples. Finally, we demonstrate the ease of use of the fully integrated device. Cheap, modular, but reliable, finger-actuated microfluidic functions could open up opportunities for the development of diagnostics with minimal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ehtashamul Haque
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - William N MacPherson
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Stephen R Knight
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Renal Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Richard M Carter
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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12
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Recent progress in microfluidic biosensors with different driving forces. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Shang Y, Xing G, Liu X, Lin H, Lin JM. Fully Integrated Microfluidic Biosensor with Finger Actuation for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16787-16795. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Gaowa Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Haifeng Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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14
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Xing G, Shan Y, Wang X, Lin H, Chen S, Pu Q, Lin L. Multiplexed detection of foodborne pathogens using one-pot CRISPR/Cas12a combined with recombinase aided amplification on a finger-actuated microfluidic biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Qi W, Zheng L, Hou Y, Duan H, Wang L, Wang S, Liu Y, Li Y, Liao M, Lin J. A finger-actuated microfluidic biosensor for colorimetric detection of foodborne pathogens. Food Chem 2022; 381:131801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Guo R, Xue L, Jin N, Duan H, Li M, Lin J. Power-free microfluidic biosensing of Salmonella with slide multivalve and disposable syringe. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 213:114458. [PMID: 35714495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a power-free biosensor was presented to detect Salmonella typhimurium on a microfluidic chip using a slide multivalve for channel selection and a disposable syringe for fluidic transfer. First, bacterial sample with immunomagnetic nanoparticles (IMNPs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) modified immune polystyrene nanoparticles (IPNPs), washing buffer, glucose, and peroxide test strip (PTS) were preloaded in their respective chambers at the periphery of chip. After the slide multivalve was selected to connect sample chamber with common separation chamber, which was connected with a syringe, the mixture of Salmonella, IMNPs and IPNPs was back and forth moved through 3D Tesla-structure micromixer using the syringe, resulting in the formation of IMNP-Salmonella-IPNP complexes, which were captured in the separation chamber using a magnet. Then, two washing chambers were selectively connected respectively to remove sample background and excessive IPNPs, and glucose chamber was connected, allowing the GOx to catalyze glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide in the separation chamber. Finally, PTS chamber was connected and the catalysate was transferred from the separation chamber to the PTS chamber, leading to the color change of PTS, followed by using smartphone App to collect and analyze the image of PTS for bacterial determination. The simple biosensor enabled simple detection of Salmonella as few as 130 CFU/mL within 60 min and is promising for practical applications in the resource-limited regions due to its low cost, simple operation, and small size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Xue
- Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Nana Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Miaoyun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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17
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Sample-in-answer-out colorimetric detection of Salmonella typhimurium using non-enzymatic cascade amplification. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1218:339850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Samae M, Chatpun S, Chirasatitsin S. Hemagglutination Detection with Paper-Plastic Hybrid Passive Microfluidic Chip. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1533. [PMID: 34945381 PMCID: PMC8708700 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hemagglutination is a critical reaction that occurs when antigens expressed on red blood cells (RBCs) react with the antibodies used for blood typing. Even though blood typing devices have been introduced to the market, they continue to face several limitations in terms of observation by the eye alone, blood manipulation difficulties, and the need for large-scale equipment, particularly process automated machines. Thus, this study aimed to design, fabricate, and test a novel hybrid passive microfluidic chip made of filter paper and polymer using a cost-effective xurography manufacturing technique. This chip is referred to as the microfluidic paper-plastic hybrid passive device (PPHD). A passive PPHD does not require external sources, such as a syringe pump. It is composed of a paper-based component that contains dried antibodies within its porous paper and a polymer component that serves as the detection zone. A single blood sample was injected into the chip's inlet, and classification was determined using the mean intensity image. The results indicated that embedded antibodies were capable of causing RBC agglutination without a saline washing step and that the results could be classified as obviously agglutination or nonagglutination for blood typing using both the naked eye and a mean intensity image. As a proof-of-concept, this study demonstrated efficiency in quantitative hemagglutination measurement within a passive PPHD for blood typing, which could be used to simplify blood biomarker analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Somyot Chirasatitsin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand; (M.S.); (S.C.)
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19
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Xiang N, Ni Z. Electricity-free hand-held inertial microfluidic sorter for size-based cell sorting. Talanta 2021; 235:122807. [PMID: 34517664 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional batch-top cell sorters are often bulky and expensive, and miniaturized microfluidic sorters available mostly require field generators and electricity-powered pumping systems. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, portable cell sorter that can be used in low resource settings is essential. In this study, we propose such an electricity-free hand-held inertial microfluidic sorter that can be used for the high-efficiency sorting of differently sized cells in a continuous and passive manner. The proposed hand-held sorter is composed of a wheel-shaped all-in-one syringe inertial microfluidic sorter (i-sorter) with flow stabilizer units and two spring-driven mechanical syringe drivers. The release of the compression spring in the mechanical syringe driver through a one-click operation provides the flow driving force. Passive flow stabilizer units in the i-sorter enable flow-rate-sensitive inertial cell separation for the unstable driving flow rate generated by the low-cost mechanical syringe driver. We successfully achieved sorting of differently sized particles and high-efficiency separation of rare tumor cells from the blood using the fabricated prototype. Our hand-held inertial microfluidic cell sorter has many advantages, including low device cost, simple electricity-free operation, compactness, and portability; additionally, samples do not need to be pre-labelled. Therefore, it has potential for use in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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20
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Chen DP, Chen C, Wu PY, Lin YH, Lin WT, Yan YL. Micro-Droplet Platform for Exploring the Mechanism of Mixed Field Agglutination in B 3 Subtype. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:276. [PMID: 34436078 PMCID: PMC8393913 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
B3 is the most common subtype of blood group B in the Taiwanese population, and most of the B3 individuals in the Taiwanese population have the IVS3 + 5 G > A (rs55852701) gene variation. Additionally, a typical mixed field agglutination is observed when the B3 subtype is tested with anti-B antibody or anti-AB antibody. The molecular biology of the gene variation in the B3 subtype has been identified, however, the mechanism of the mixed field agglutination caused by the type B3 blood samples is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the reason for the mixed field agglutination caused by B3. A micro-droplet platform was used to observe the agglutination of type B and type B3 blood samples in different blood sample concentrations, antibody concentrations, and at reaction times. We found that the agglutination reaction in every droplet slowed down with an increase in the dilution ratio of blood sample and antibody, whether type B blood or type B3 blood was used. However, as the reaction time increased, the complete agglutination in the droplet was seen in type B blood, while the mixed field agglutination still occurred in B3 within 1 min. In addition, the degree of agglutination was similar in each droplet, which showed high reproducibility. As a result, we inferred that there are two types of cells in the B3 subtype that simultaneously create a mixed field agglutination, rather than each red blood cell carrying a small amount of antigen, resulting in less agglutination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ping Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (D.-P.C.); (W.-T.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (C.C.); (P.-Y.W.)
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (C.C.); (P.-Y.W.)
| | - Yen-Heng Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (C.C.); (P.-Y.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tzu Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (D.-P.C.); (W.-T.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Yi-Liang Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (D.-P.C.); (W.-T.L.); (Y.-L.Y.)
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21
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Park J, Park JK. Pushbutton-activated microfluidic cartridge as a user-friendly sample preparation tool for diagnostics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:041302. [PMID: 34257794 PMCID: PMC8270647 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have several advantages in sample preparation for diagnostics but suffer from the need for an external operation system that hampers user-friendliness. To overcome this limitation in microfluidic technologies, a number of user-friendly methods utilizing capillary force, degassed poly(dimethylsiloxane), pushbutton-driven pressure, a syringe, or a pipette have been reported. Among these methods, the pushbutton-driven, pressure-based method has a great potential to be widely used as a user-friendly sample preparation tool for point-of-care testing or portable diagnostics. In this Perspective, we focus on the pushbutton-activated microfluidic technologies toward a user-friendly sample preparation tool. The working principle and recent advances in pushbutton-activated microfluidic technologies are briefly reviewed, and future perspectives for wide application are discussed in terms of integration with the signal analysis system, user-dependent variation, and universal and facile use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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22
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Park J, Kim H, Park JK. Microfluidic channel-integrated hanging drop array chip operated by pushbuttons for spheroid culture and analysis. Analyst 2021; 145:6974-6980. [PMID: 32857069 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the hanging drop methods have a number of advantages for spheroid culture, they suffer from reagent exchange procedures that depend on tedious and accurate liquid handling by manual pipetting or robotic arms. To simplify these procedures, we developed a method for liquid handling in a hanging drop array (HDA) chip for spheroid culture and analysis by integrating microfluidic channels operated by pushbuttons. Six finger-actuated microfluidic pumping units connected to a 3 × 3 HDA can draw or replenish reagents in an HDA chip without any external equipment. The initial cell seeding, medium exchange, and staining for further analysis can be simply done by pushing the buttons in the programmed order. After the assessment of the reagent exchange ratio of the device, BT474 spheroids of various sizes were cultured in the device for 7 days by exchanging the medium once a day and stained on the same device by exchanging the medium with staining reagents for the LIVE/DEAD assay. Furthermore, the cultured spheroids were embedded into collagen by exchanging the medium with a collagen solution to mimic a cancer metastasis environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Manderson CA, McLiesh H, Tabor RF, Garnier G. Droplet-based blood group antibody screening with laser incubation. Analyst 2021; 146:2499-2505. [PMID: 33682869 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Detection of blood group antibodies is a crucial step for blood transfusion recipients and pregnant women to prevent potentially fatal haemolytic reactions. Due to the short, non-bridging structure of such antibodies (IgG), the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) is required, complete with a thermal incubation phase. This incubation step, where the sample must be heated to 37 °C for several minutes, has hitherto prevented chip- and paper-diagnostics from performing a complete IAT and instead required the IAT to be performed away from the patient beside in a laboratory setting with specialist equipment - significantly delaying blood transfusions. With recent laser technology for immunohaematology, a single blood droplet can be heated. This study presents a simple diagnostic where a single 15 μL droplet sits on hydrophobic PTFE film and is heated by laser. The result of the test is then determined via placement of a paper strip where passive wicking and filtration of the sample separates positive from negative results. We demonstrate that this diagnostic can accurately and sensitively detect blood group antibodies, with results quickly read by eye without further specialist equipment or training, with potential to lead to a point-of-care antibody screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare A Manderson
- BioPRIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Heather McLiesh
- BioPRIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- BioPRIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Australia.
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24
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Lin JH, Tsai TT, Zeng Q, Chang CY, Guo JY, Lin CJ, Chen CF. A Multifunctional Microfluidic Device for Blood Typing and Primary Screening of Blood Diseases. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3082-3090. [PMID: 32786388 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a multifunctional, portable, and disposable microfluidic device for blood typing and primary screening of blood diseases. Preloaded antibodies (anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D) interact with injected whole blood cells to cause an agglutination reaction that blocks a microslit in the microfluidic channel to accumulate red blood cells and form a visible red line that can be easily read to determine the blood type. Moreover, the different blood density and agglutination properties of normal and subtype blood groups, as well as different blood diseases, including anemia and polycythemia vera, generate different lengths of blood agglutination within the channels, which allows us to successfully screen these various conditions in as little as 2 min. The required blood volume for each test is just 1 μL, which can be obtained by minimally invasive finger pricking. This novel method of observing agglutinated red blood cells to distinguish blood types and diseases is both feasible and affordable, suggesting its promise for use in areas with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Lin
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yu Guo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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25
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Park J, Han DH, Hwang SH, Park JK. Reciprocating flow-assisted nucleic acid purification using a finger-actuated microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3346-3353. [PMID: 32626862 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics can provide a powerful diagnostic tool since it can detect pathogens with high sensitivity, but complicated sample preparation procedures limit its widespread use as an on-site detection tool that relies on the skilled person and external equipment. To resolve these limitations, we report a solid-phase nucleic acid purification using a finger-actuated microfluidic device, which can control a set amount of flow regardless of differences in end-users. To increase the recovery rate, a finger-actuated reciprocator was newly developed and integrated into the microfluidic device that can efficiently react with silica microbeads and reagents. After verifying the finger-actuated microfluidic reciprocator, the effect of the reciprocating flow on the recovery rate was assessed to purify the standard DNA of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The recovery rate was increased up to ∼50% and 955 to 955 000 IU mL-1 of HBV standard DNA was successfully purified and detected by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the proposed microfluidic device was exploited to purify the HBV DNA from the patient's blood plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Park M, Eom K, Jung MH, Park YS, Lee JY, Nam SH. Design of Bio-Impedance Electrode Topologies for Specific Depth Sensing in Skin Layer. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:3961-3964. [PMID: 33018867 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bio-impedance analysis provides non-invasive estimation of body composition. Recently, applications based on bio-impedance measurement in skin tissue such as skin cancer diagnosis and skin composition monitoring have been studied. For scanning the electrical properties along the skin depth, the relationship between the electrode topologies and the depth sensitivity should be clarified. This work reports a systematic analysis on designing line electrode topologies to measure the bio-impedance of the skin layer at specific depth using a finite element method (FEM). Four electrodes consisting of two outer current electrodes and two inner voltage electrodes in the form of Wenner-Schlumberger array were employed on the top of a collagen layer as a skin model. The numerical results demonstrate a change in the effective depth of measurement depending on the electrode topologies, which also have a good agreement with an analytic solution. This study suggests a decision guideline for designing the electrode topologies to achieve target depth sensitivity in bio-impedance measurement of skin tissue.Clinical Relevance-This establishes the effect of electrode topologies on depth sensitivity in bio-impedance measurements in skin layer.
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27
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Colorimetric Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with Signal Enhancement Using Size-Based Filtration on a Finger-Powered Microfluidic Device. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20082267. [PMID: 32316232 PMCID: PMC7219071 DOI: 10.3390/s20082267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although immunomagnetic separation is a useful sample pretreatment method that can be used to separate target pathogens from a raw sample, it is challenging to remove unbound free magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for colorimetric detection of target pathogens. Here, size-based filtration was exploited for the rapid on-site detection of pathogens separated by immunomagnetic separation in order to remove unbound free MNPs using a finger-powered microfluidic device. A membrane filter and an absorbent pad were integrated into the device and a mixture of unbound free MNPs and MNP-bound Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 was dispensed over the membrane filter by pressing and releasing the pressure chamber. A colorimetric signal was generated by MNP-bound E. coli O157:H7 while unbound free MNPs were washed out by the absorbent. Furthermore, the colorimetric signals can be amplified using a gold enhancer solution when gold-coated MNPs were used instead of MNPs. As a result, 102 CFU/mL E. coli O157:H7 could be detected by the enhanced colorimetric signal on a proposed device.
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28
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Park J, Han DH, Park JK. Towards practical sample preparation in point-of-care testing: user-friendly microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1191-1203. [PMID: 32119024 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies offer a number of advantages for sample preparation in point-of-care testing (POCT), but the requirement for complicated external pumping systems limits their wide use. To facilitate sample preparation in POCT, various methods have been developed to operate microfluidic devices without complicated external pumping systems. In this review, we introduce an overview of user-friendly microfluidic devices for practical sample preparation in POCT, including self- and hand-operated microfluidic devices. Self-operated microfluidic devices exploit capillary force, vacuum-driven pressure, or gas-generating chemical reactions to apply pressure into microchannels, and hand-operated microfluidic devices utilize human power sources using simple equipment, including a syringe, pipette, or simply by using finger actuation. Furthermore, this review provides future perspectives to realize user-friendly integrated microfluidic circuits for wider applications with the integration of simple microfluidic valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Yamamoto K, Sakurai R, Motosuke M. Fully-automatic blood-typing chip exploiting bubbles for quick dilution and detection. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:024111. [PMID: 32549921 PMCID: PMC7159973 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A compact, fully-automatic blood-typing test device is developed. The device conducts sequential processes of whole-blood dilution, homogenization, and reaction with reagents. The lab-on-a-chip device can detect the weakest reaction between red blood cells (RBCs) and reagents even without using optics such as a camera and detector. This high sensitivity is achieved by implementing 50-μm-thick reaction chambers in which a clear contrast between the RBC agglutinations and non-reacted RBCs can be obtained. The dilution and the homogenization are enhanced by injecting bubbles into the microchannel so that the test result can be obtained 5 min after the test start. With an assumption that the device will be used by medical staffs, the device is designed to require minimum operation for the users, namely, loading whole blood, starting pumps, and looking inside the reaction chambers by their eyes to observe the test result. As the device is applicable to the cross-matching test by mixing RBCs with serum instead of the reagents, it is expected that the device provides not only the quick blood-typing but also a safer and quicker blood transfusion in emergency rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yamamoto
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +81 (0)3 5876 1718
| | - Ryosuke Sakurai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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