1
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Zhai Y, Fu X, Xu W. Miniature mass spectrometers and their potential for clinical point-of-care analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:1172-1191. [PMID: 37610153 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful technique for clinical applications with high sensitivity and specificity. Different from conventional MS diagnosis in laboratory, point-of-care (POC) analyses in clinics require mass spectrometers and analytical procedures to be friendly for novice users and applicable for on-site clinical diagnosis. The recent decades have seen the progress in the development of miniature mass spectrometers, providing a promising solution for clinical POC applications. In this review, we report recent advances of miniature mass spectrometers and their exploration in clinical applications, mainly including the rapid analysis of illegal drugs, on-site monitoring of therapeutic drugs, and detection of biomarkers. With improved analytical performance, miniature mass spectrometers are also expected to apply to more and more clinical applications. Some promising POC analyses that can be performed by miniature mass spectrometers in the future are discussed. Lastly, we also provide our perspectives on the challenges in technical development of miniature mass spectrometers for clinical POC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhai
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Fu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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2
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Shi W, Ye Z, Yang Q, Zhou J, Wang J, Huo X. Rapid Separation and Detection of Drugs in Complex Biological Matrix Using TD-CDI Mass Spectrometer. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:271. [PMID: 38920575 PMCID: PMC11202275 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The drug detection technology plays a pivotal role in the domains of pharmaceutical regulation and law enforcement. In this study, we introduce a method that combines thermal desorption corona discharge ionization (TD-CDI) with mass spectrometry for efficient drug detection. The TD-CDI module, characterized by its compact and simple design, enables the separation of analytes within seconds and real-time presentation of one or two analyte peaks on the mass spectrum most of the time, which reduces matrix interference and improves detection performance. Through experimental investigation, we studied the characteristics of TD-CDI for analyte separation and detection, even with the same mass number, and optimized the TD-CDI approach. TD-CDI-MS was employed for the rapid detection of drugs in various traditional medicine, food products, and human samples. Additionally, by utilizing TD-CDI for segmented hair direct analysis, it becomes possible to trace the drug usage cycle of individuals. This underscores the feasibility of the proposed analytical method within the realm of drug detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.W.)
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zi Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiasi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinming Huo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (W.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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3
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Wang W, Xu C, Li Z, Qiu C, Xu F, Ding CF. Development of dual-photoionization ion trap mass spectrometry and its application for direct analysis of VOCs in fruit aroma. Talanta 2024; 271:125673. [PMID: 38244311 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Photoionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (PI-ITMS) is one of the major directions of mass spectrometer miniaturization because of its great potential for rapid on-site VOCs detection in many cases. Traditionally, PI has always been investigated separately and is restrained by ion transmission structure, so a new structure needs to be designed and investigated for simplifying and improving the ion transmission efficiency. Interestingly, our preliminary experiments found that the signal intensity and mass range can be effectively improved by combing atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) and low-pressure photoionization (LPPI). Therefore, in this paper, a new dual photoionization - ion trap mass spectrometry (DPI-ITMS) was developed, explored and used to directly analyze complex VOCs. Compared with traditional single PI configuration, it presents two obvious merits: (1) simplified ion transmission structure, eliminating the need to use deflection electrode to repel ions and avoiding breakdown risk. (2) some missing/weak low m/z ion mass spectral peaks in APPI and some high m/z ion mass spectral peaks in LPPI were improved in DPI detection mode. In addition, by combining multivariate statistical analysis, we preliminary achieved in differentiating fruit types and maturity level. In summary, we concluded that the developed DPI-ITMS has moderate detection sensitivity (limited by the homemade ITMS, 0.1-1 ppmv with RSD of 6.36 %), and the DPI-ITMS configuration can be referenced by future PI-MS, and this study also provides a high-throughput, simple, noninvasive and no chemical contamination solution for analyzing main VOCs in fruit aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chuting Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chaohui Qiu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fuxing Xu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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4
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Sun Y, Tang Y, Chen Z, Ge M, Xiong W, Wen L. A Facile Determination of Herbicide Residues and Its Application in On-Site Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:1280. [PMID: 38672952 PMCID: PMC11049070 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Abuse of herbicides in food safety is a vital concern that has an influence on the sustainable development of the world. This work presents, a modified ionization method with separation of the sample and carrier gas inlets, which was utilized for efficient ionization and analyte transfer of herbicides in crops. The working parameters of voltage, injective distance, desorption temperature, and the carrier gas flow rate were optimized to achieve the high efficiency of the transfer and ionization of the analyte. When it was applied in the analysis of herbicides in laboratory, the method exhibited excellent performance in achieving the quantitative detection of herbicides in solutions and residues spiked in an actual matrix with a limit of quantification of 1-20 μg/kg and relative standard deviations of less than 15%. Although a simple QuEchERS process was used, the programmable heating platform ensured efficient gasification and transfer of the target analyte, with the advantages of high speed and selectivity, avoiding the noted matrix effect. The method exhibited a relatively acceptable performance by using air as the discharged gas (open air). It could be used to monitor herbicide residues in the growth stage via on-site non-destructive analysis, which obtained low LODs by dissociating the herbicides from the crops without any pretreatment. It showed great potential for the supervision of the food safety market by achieving non-destructive detection of crops anytime and anywhere. This finding may provide new insights into the determination of pesticide emergence and rice quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yan Tang
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Miaoxiu Ge
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Luhong Wen
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
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Shi Q, Yu X, Sun S, Wu W, Shi W, Yu Q. Diverse thermal desorption combined with self-aspirating corona discharge ionization for direct mass spectrometry analysis of complex samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2071-2076. [PMID: 38505988 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00200h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The thermal desorption (TD) technique is widely employed in modern mass spectrometry to facilitate the detection of non-volatile analytes. In this study, we developed a compact TD device based on a small resistance wire and coupled it with a self-aspirating corona discharge ionization (CDI) source to conduct direct MS analysis of various liquid and solid samples. Due to its small size and low heat capacity, the temperature of the TD module can be flexibly and rapidly modulated by controlling the power sequence. Multiple heating modes, including pulse heating (PH), isothermal heating, and step heating (SH), are realized and characterized, and then applied for the detection of different real samples. In particular, the PH mode is suitable for the simultaneous detection of multiple components in samples with relatively simple matrices, while the SH mode is capable of component separation. In addition, the sensitivity and quantitative capability of the TD-CDI system for DEP solutions were tested, showing acceptable stability with a relative standard deviation of about 6.7% and a detection limit of 0.088 ng. Overall, the developed TD-CDI system provides a simple, convenient, and versatile tool for direct mass spectrometry analysis of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhao Shi
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Shuang Sun
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Weilong Wu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenyan Shi
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Quan Yu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Li A, Sun J, Yan H, Li D, Xu W. SAM-SFM: High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Enabled by Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation of Multiple Sinusoidal Frequency-Modulated Waveforms. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2183-2190. [PMID: 38247304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In miniature ion trap mass spectrometry, achieving a balance between isolation resolution and efficiency is a formidable challenge. The presence of absorption curves causes target ions to inadvertently absorb energy from AC signal components near their resonant frequencies. To mitigate this issue, SAM-SFM waveforms introduce a parameter known as the decreasing factor. Unlike SWIFT waveforms, SAM-SFM's spectral profile intentionally departs from a rectangular window, adopting an arch-shaped excitation window to minimize the impact on target ions and improve ion isolation efficiency. SAM-SFM waveforms have the advantage of low computational complexity, enabling real-time computation using an embedded FPGA technology. Regardless of any parameter changes, the FPGA can consistently guarantee waveform output within 1 μs. This not only enhances throughput but also eliminates the need for a PC in miniature mass spectrometry devices. The performance of SAM-SFM has been validated on an improved "Brick" miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. Comparative experiments with SWIFT waveforms confirm the lossless unit-mass isolation capabilities of SAM-SFM. This waveform has the capability to simultaneously isolate multiple target ions, even allowing for the lossless isolation of ions with lower abundance within isotopic clusters, albeit at the cost of requiring extended isolation durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Haoqiang Yan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Dayu Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Ruan H, Xu C, Fan Z, Wang W, Li H. Radial Electric Field Driven Collision-Induced Dissociation in a Miniature Continuous Atmospheric Pressure Interfaced Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2822-2830. [PMID: 37883684 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Miniature ion trap mass spectrometry with the unique ability of tandem-in-time analysis is extensively used in public security and environmental pollution detection. In this study, a novel radial electric field driven collision-induced dissociation (REFD-CID) is presented with high fragmentation efficiency for different species by adjusting the float DC, the initial kinetic energy of ions, and the pressure in a miniature continuous atmospheric pressure interfaced ion trap mass spectrometer (CAPI-ITMS). It is noteworthy that multiple fragment ions ([M+H-nC2H4]+, where n = 1, 2, 3) of triethyl phosphate were observed with a single injection of ions. The underlying mechanism of the REFD-CID revealed that the enhanced radial electric field by modulation of the float DC drove ions toward regions of intense RF field where broadband heating and dissociation of ions took place through theoretical simulations. Finally, the REFD-CID was utilized to improve the instrument performances. The existence of reagent ions led to a severe space charge effect as the ion injection duration of the CAPI-ITMS was extended to enhance the sensitivity of aniline. Through selective fragmentation of reagent ions, peak broadening and mass shift were eliminated, and meanwhile, a 28-fold improvement of aniline in a signal-to-noise ratio was achieved with the ion injection duration varying from 50 to 2500 ms. Moreover, isomeric illicit drugs (JWH-018 and acetylcodeine) were distinguished by generating multiple characteristic fragment ions, demonstrating potential applications in the identification of synthetic illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Aliang M, Wang X, Yu Q. Hydrogen-Assisted Photoionization and Its Use in Promoting Mass Spectrometry Analysis of VOCs. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17166-17169. [PMID: 37966263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
As a simple soft ionization method, photoionization (PI) is often coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for the direct analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). PI enables selective ionization of analytes, but the ion yield is generally not high due to the limited light intensity of the ultraviolet lamp. Here, a hydrogen-assisted photoionization (HAPI) strategy was developed and integrated into a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. In particular, hydrogen was introduced as a versatile buffer gas to facilitate both photoionization and ion trap operation. This can increase the ion yields by up to 2 orders of magnitude compared to conventional PI-MS, with a low hydrogen consumption (less than 100 μL) for each analysis. The generation of protonated ions indicates a specific photochemical process in HAPI, which has also been studied and initially revealed. The detection of various VOCs and plant volatile gases confirmed the versatility and practicality of the HAPI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mushage Aliang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Yan Z, Shan L, Cheng S, Yu Z, Wei Z, Wang H, Sun H, Yang B, Shu J, Li Z. A Simple High-Flux Switchable VUV Lamp Based on an Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamp for SPI/PAI Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11859-11867. [PMID: 37474253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon ionization (SPI) is a unique soft ionization technique for organic analysis. A convenient high-flux vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light source is a key precondition for wide application of SPI techniques. In this study, we present a novel VUV lamp by simply modifying an ordinary electrodeless fluorescent lamp. By replacing the glass bulb with a stainless steel bulb and introducing 5% Kr/He (v/v) as the excitation gas, an excellent VUV photon flux over 4.0 × 1014 photons s-1 was obtained. Due to its rapid glow characteristics, the VUV lamp can be switched on and off instantly as required by detection, ensuring the stability and service life of the lamp. To demonstrate the performance of the new lamp, the switchable VUV lamp was coupled with an SPI-mass spectrometer, which could be changed to photoinduced associative ionization (PAI) mode by doping gaseous CH2Cl2 to initiate an associative ionization reaction. Two types of volatile organic compounds sensitive to SPI and PAI, typically benzene series and oxygenated organics, respectively, were selected as samples. The instrument exhibited a high detection sensitivity for the tested compounds. With a measurement time of 11 s, the 3σ limits of detection ranged from 0.33 to 0.75 pptv in SPI mode and from 0.03 to 0.12 pptv in PAI mode. This study provides an extremely simple method to assemble a VUV lamp with many merits, e.g., portability, robustness, durability, low cost, and high flux. The VUV lamp may contribute to the development of SPI-related highly sensitive detection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Yan
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Shan
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Cheng
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangqi Yu
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Wei
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijie Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohang Sun
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinian Shu
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Research Center for Environmental Material and Pollution Control Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, Beijing 101408, People's Republic of China
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10
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Li M, Liu B, Chen T, Liu R, Guo Y, Hou K. On-site leakage locating of underground natural gas pipeline based on Ne tracer by miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2023; 254:124170. [PMID: 36508899 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural gas pipeline leakage seriously endangers people's lives and properties, and there is an urgent need for on-site, rapid, and accurate locating the leakage point of the underground natural gas pipeline. Here, we added neon gas to natural gas pipelines as a tracer gas, and used a miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometry (mini-TOFMS) to on-site detect neon gas to quickly locate the leak point of underground natural gas pipelines. The mini-TOFMS used capillary tube sampling to directly analyze the leaked neon gas without sample preparation, and the analysis time of a single sample was only 60 s, which was less than one-seventeenth that of traditional off-line gas chromatography (GC) method. The mini-TOFMS exhibited a linear response range from 69 ppmv to 3.0 × 105 ppmv with the limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 19.0 ppmv. The correlation of GC and mini-TOFMS for Ne quantitative analysis was as high as 0.98. The performance of the newly designed method with the mini-TOFMS was demonstrated by on-site locating the underground natural gas pipeline leakage point in the experimental station. And leakage point of the natural gas pipeline, especially for those pipelines with different gas pressure buried under the same road, can be found more efficiently and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; Beijing Gas Group Company Limited, No.22, Xizhimen South Alley, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Taotao Chen
- Beijing Gas Group Company Limited, No.22, Xizhimen South Alley, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Ruidong Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingzhe Guo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- David Love
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA,70113th Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington, DC, 20005-3967, USA,Corresponding author. RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA.
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12
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Ruan H, Xu C, Wang W, Li H. Hexapole-Assisted Continuous Atmospheric Pressure Interface for a High-Pressure Photoionization Miniature Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17287-17294. [PMID: 36451554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Miniature mass spectrometers are powerful tools for on-site chemical analysis in the fields of homeland security, personal healthcare, and environmental monitoring. This study presents a novel hexapole-assisted continuous atmospheric pressure interface for a high-pressure photoionization miniature ion trap mass spectrometer (HA-HPPI-IT). Efficient ion transmission was achieved by combining radial focusing by an RF electric field and axial driving by gas flow, which was demonstrated by SIMION simulation and experimental verification. The pressure in the ionization-transmission chamber and the inner diameter of the skimmer were optimized, which helped in determining the number density of product ions and affected the ion transmission in the hexapole, respectively. After systematic optimizations, about 16-fold increase in signal intensity was achieved as the RF amplitude was varied from 140 to 400 Vpp, and a limit of detection of 1 ppbv was obtained. In addition, the HA-HPPI-IT exhibited high stability and the relative standard deviation was as low as 5.47%. Finally, the apparatus was applied for discovering the simulated spot for illicit drug synthesis by detecting toluene and propiophenone released to air and monitoring the evolutions of perchloroethylene residues from dry-cleaned clothes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China
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13
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Gu H, Dai G, Liu S, Zhai Y, Xu Q, Wu H, Xu W. A compact liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument for the quantitation of immunosuppressants. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Wang W, Jin L, Hu F, Xu F, Ding CF. Nebulization Swab Assisted Photoionization Tandem Miniaturized Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry for On-Site Analysis of Nonvolatile Compounds. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:898-906. [PMID: 35475621 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonvolatile compounds usually have a high molecular weight and exhibit a high boiling point, which poses great challenges to the ionization method of MS. Ambient ionization sources can efficiently analyze the nonvolatile compounds without complex pretreatment, but they generally require special media such as heating devices, laser optical devices, or corona needles. Acoustic nebulization assisted photoionization (ANPI) is a potential method for the analysis of nonvolatile compounds that uses nebulization as a prerequisite for photoionization and introduces many advantages of PI, including excellent ionization efficiency, a high yield of molecular ions, and simplified spectrum interpretation. However, the ANPI source can be limited in on-site applications by the complexity of the analytical devices and the high cost of the nebulization chip. To address this issue, in this paper, we explored cheap and commercially piezoelectric materials used in a mist sprayer and fabricated a nebulization swab assisted photoionization (NSAP) as an ambient ionization source. Some useful results are presented: numerical simulation was introduced successfully for optimizing the aerosol distribution in the NSAP source; nonvolatile muscle relaxants, drugs of abuse, antibiotics, phthalates, and cholesterol were detected mostly as their protonated molecular ions while some special acetone/water cluster ions were detected. In addition, the LOD for most of the target analytes ranged from 10.0 to 50.0 pg with RSD ≤ 9%. Finally, this method is implemented for Chinese baijiu spiked with phthalates. The experimental data shows the capability of a NSAP source in high sensitivity and on-site analysis of the nonvolatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Liuyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fengqing Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Fuxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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15
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Li L, Zhang T, Wang D, Zhang Y, He X, Wang X, Li P. Portable Digital Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer Based on Separate-Region Corona Discharge Ionization Source for On-Site Rapid Detection of Illegal Drugs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113506. [PMID: 35684444 PMCID: PMC9182377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As narcotic control has become worse in the past decade and the death toll of drug abuse hits a record high, there is an increasing demand for on-site rapid detection of illegal drugs. This work developed a portable digital linear ion trap mass spectrometer based on separate-region corona discharge ionization source to meet this need. A separate design of discharge and reaction regions was adopted with filter air as both carrier gas for the analyte and protection of the corona discharge needle. The linear ion trap was driven by a digital waveform with a low voltage (±100 V) to cover a mass range of 50–500 Da with a unit resolution at a scan rate of 10,000 Da/s. Eighteen representative drugs were analyzed, demonstrating excellent qualitative analysis capability. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was also performed by ion isolation and collision-induced dissociation (CID) with air as a buffer gas. With cocaine as an example, over two orders of magnitude dynamic range and 10 pg of detection limit were achieved. A single analysis time of less than 10 s was obtained by comparing the information of characteristic ions and product ions with the built-in database. Analysis of a real-world sample further validated the feasibility of the instrument, with the results benchmarked by GC-MS. The developed system has powerful analytical capability without using consumables including solvent and inert gas, meeting the requirements of on-site rapid detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.L.); (T.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.L.); (T.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Deting Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.L.); (T.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Yunjing Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.L.); (T.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xingli He
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.L.); (T.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Peng Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (L.L.); (T.Z.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-562-498-81
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16
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Dang M, Liu R, Dong F, Liu B, Hou K. Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization on-line mass spectrometry: instrumentation developments and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Xu C, Ruan H, Wang W, Li H. Triboionization in Discontinuous Atmospheric Pressure Inlet for a Miniature Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15897-15904. [PMID: 34817157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) consisting of a pinch valve, a silicone tube, and two metal capillaries has been widely used in miniature mass spectrometry. It is interesting that clear ion signals could be observed even when the extra ionization source was turned off. In-depth analysis suggested that this new ionization phenomenon known as triboionization is based on the surface friction on the inner surface of the silicone tube during the on/off of the pinch valve. In this study, triboionization in the DAPI of a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer was investigated. It was discovered that the signal intensity depended greatly on the material and the roughness of the silicone tube used in the DAPI. By rubbing the inner surface of the silicone tube, for example, the signal intensity can increase by nearly 20 times. Two connected pinch valves were developed to study the effects of the discharge pressure, the number, and the frequency of on/off of the pinch valve on triboionization, which were verified to have a large impact on the product ions. In addition, the humidity of the inner surface of the silicone tube impacted the signal intensity of product ions and the mass spectrum patterns, where the product ions were typically protonated ions. As the humidity increases, the signal intensity of analytes with high proton affinity increases accordingly. This triboionization source, which does not require heat, light, radiation, auxiliary gas, or solution, has been preliminarily proved to have potential for surface detection after continuous enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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18
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Xu Q, Hong J, Liu S, Zhai Y, Xu W. Development of a miniature protein mass spectrometer capable of analyzing native proteins. Talanta 2021; 233:122580. [PMID: 34215072 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current miniature mass spectrometers were usually designed for the detection of small and medium size molecules, including volatile (semi-volatile) compounds, drugs and lipids. In this study, a miniature protein mass spectrometer was developed in this work, which could serve as a biosensor for the rapid identification of proteins as well as their conformations. A linear ion trap with a field radius of 2.5 mm was designed to extend mass range of the instrument to over 6500 Th. Mass resolution and sensitivity of the instrument were also optimized for protein ions by increasing the buffer gas pressure and using a high-gain Faraday detector. It is then demonstrated that the mass spectra of native proteins, such as IgG1, could be acquired by coupling the instrument with a soft electrospray ionization source. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, results suggest that the current instrument could be used to identify target proteins and probe/distinguish their conformations in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Hong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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19
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Li M, Wang S, Xu C, Ruan H, Wang W, Chen C, Li H. Parallel Coupling of Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry for the Real-Time Alarm Triggering and Identification of Hazardous Chemical Leakages. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11852-11858. [PMID: 34406745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hazardous chemical leakages involved in chemical terrorist attacks and chemical industrial accidents have been posing severe threats to human health and the environment. Vehicle-mounted mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed for continuous, on-road measurements to map the spatial and temporal distributions of hazardous chemicals. However, the detection of chemicals with small temporal scales and spatial scales is always challenging. In this study, a parallel coupling apparatus combining the techniques of ion mobility spectrometry and ion trap MS (p-IMS-ITMS) was developed to improve the detection rate and the time response capability of a stand-alone ITMS system for short time-span chemical tracking. A workflow was also proposed along with the apparatus, where the ITMS system can be triggered, as chemical suspects were discovered with the IMS system. The sampling positions of the ITMS system were investigated and optimized. In addition, a strategy was proposed to diminish the time span of samples from 1.5 to 0.5 s for evaluating the performances of the p-IMS-ITMS system. The detection rate of the stand-alone ITMS system was measured to be only 9.5, 32, and 87.5% for the time span of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 s, respectively. By comparison, the detection rates of the p-IMS-ITMS system were 99.5, 100, and 100%, where the detection rate was increased by a factor of 10 for 0.5 s time span. Moreover, the addition of an IMS system could provide temporal patterns of hazardous chemicals with a resolution of 33 ms. Finally, the potential of the p-IMS-ITMS system for environmental navigation monitoring and assessment was further demonstrated by detecting the leakages of dimethyl methyl phosphonate and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China.,Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chuting Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huiwen Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian 116023, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, Dalian 116023, China
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20
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Shi W, Huo X, Tian Y, Lu X, Yang L, Zhou Q, Wang X, Yu Q. Development of membrane inlet photoionization ion trap mass spectrometer for trace VOCs analysis. Talanta 2021; 230:122352. [PMID: 33934800 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
With the development of instrumental miniaturization, the portable mass spectrometer is becoming a new tool for on-site rapid analysis of environmental samples. Membrane inlet (MI) and photoionization (PI) are two commonly used sampling and ionization techniques, respectively, as they both exhibit detection selectivity for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this paper, a membrane inlet photoionization ion trap mass spectrometer was developed for the direct analysis of VOCs in gaseous samples. With the new structure and timing design, various operation modes were proposed and tested. In particular, the use of pulse carrier gas can integrate the appropriate pressure conditions required by each module, thus improving the efficiency of analyte transport, ionization, and mass analysis. The detection limit of sub-ppb was obtained, and the response time can be greatly reduced by increasing the sample flow rate. Furthermore, the capability of selective enrichment for organic analytes was also realized by using a special accumulation mode with a modified sequence, which is easy to operate because no additional devices are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Shi
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinming Huo
- Division of Life Science & Health, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinqiong Lu
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Lili Yang
- Measurement Technology and Instrumentation Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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21
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Jager J, Gerssen A, Pawliszyn J, Sterk SS, Nielen MWF, Blokland MH. USB-Powered Coated Blade Spray Ion Source for On-Site Testing Using Transportable Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2243-2249. [PMID: 33086002 PMCID: PMC7659368 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On-site testing in food analysis using mass spectrometry (MS) requires miniaturization of vacuum systems, mass analyzers, sample cleanup, and ionization sources. In this study, a simple coated blade spray (CBS) ion source was developed that enables high voltage generation on the blade by ubiquitous certified (micro-)USB On-The-Go devices like smartphones, tablets, and power banks. CBS is capable of performing both analyte enrichment by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) material coated on the metal substrate and direct-spray ionization. The USB-CBS device was used on two different MS systems, a transportable single-quadrupole and a benchtop triple-quadrupole tandem MS. Various characteristics of the USB-CBS device, including high voltage generation and angular positioning, were studied. The potential of the newly developed device for food safety applications is demonstrated by banned and regulated veterinary drugs such as β-agonists and sulfonamide antibiotics, covering a wide range of molecular weights and polarities. The results highlight the potential of the developed, simplified, inexpensive (less than 10 USD), and universal vendor-independent USB-powered CBS ion source coupled with MS(/MS) systems for semiquantitative applications, in laboratories, and in future on-site food quality and safety testing. Apart from that, most likely on-site environmental, biomedical, and forensic testing will also benefit from this USB-CBS instrumental development that is compatible with any atmospheric inlet MS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josha Jager
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Saskia S. Sterk
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W. F. Nielen
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen
University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H. Blokland
- Wageningen
Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen
University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Mielczarek P, Silberring J, Smoluch M. MINIATURIZATION IN MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:453-470. [PMID: 31793697 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expectations for continuous miniaturization in mass spectrometry are not declining for years. Portable instruments are highly welcome by the industry, science, space agencies, forensic laboratories, and many other units. All are striving for the small, cheap, and as good as possible instruments. This review describes the recent developments of miniature mass spectrometers and also provides selected applications where these devices are used. Upcoming perspectives of further development are also discussed. @ 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej St. 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Smoluch
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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23
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Meng X, Tang C, Zhang C, Li D, Xu W, Zhai Y. A "Brick" Mass Spectrometer with Photoionization for Direct Analysis of Trace Volatile Compounds. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:961-968. [PMID: 32233377 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With high portability and favorable performance, miniature mass spectrometers have become one of the most attractive tools for on-site analysis of trace volatile compounds. Based on the "Brick" mass spectrometer (BMS) developed previously, a hand-held BMS integrated with a photoionization source (PI-BMS) was developed in this study for volatile compound analysis. With compact dimensions of 30 cm × 18.5 cm × 27.6 cm (length × width × height), the PI-BMS was equipped with a 10.6 eV UV lamp and capable of generating molecular ions. The capabilities of qualitative and quantitative analyses for different volatile samples were demonstrated and characterized. Under optimized conditions, high detection sensitivity in open air was obtained for the PI-BMS with a limit of detection (LOD) of ∼10 ppbv. As demonstrations of mixture analysis, four different fresh fruits were directly analyzed using PI-BMS, observing characteristic mass spectra for each type of fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Meng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Caowei Tang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changxin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dayu Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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24
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Potential analytical methods for on-site oral drug test: Recent developments and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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