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Li M, Gao X, Ren X, Ai Y, Zhang B, Zou G. Potential-selective electrochemiluminescence of AgInS 2/ZnS nanocrystals and its immunoassay application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4958-4961. [PMID: 38629343 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00888j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Potential-selective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) with tunable maximum-emission-potential ranging from 0.95 to 0.30 V is achieved using AgInS2/ZnS nanocrystals, which is promising in the design of multiplexed bioassay on commercialized ECL setups. The model system AgInS2/ZnS/N2H4 exhibits efficient ECL around 0.30 V and can be exploited for sensitive immunoassays with less electrochemical interference and crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Yaojia Ai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
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2
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Gao X, Tian Z, Ren X, Ai Y, Zhang B, Zou G. Silver Nanocluster-Tagged Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay with a Sole and Narrow Triggering Potential Window. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1700-1706. [PMID: 38235596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The commercialized electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay is carried out by holding luminophore Ru(bpy)32+ at a given potential. Designing an electrochemiluminophore with a narrow triggering potential window is strongly anticipated to decrease the electrochemical cross-talk and improve the flux of the commercialized ECL immunoassay in a potential-resolved way. Herein, L-penicillamine-capped silver nanoclusters (LPA-AgNCs) are facilely synthesized and utilized as tags to perform the ECL immunoassay with a sole and narrow triggering potential window of 0.24 V by employing hydrazine (N2H4) as a coreactant. The maximum ECL emission of the LPA-AgNCs/N2H4 system is located ca. +1.27 V. Upon immobilizing LPA-AgNCs onto the electrode surface via forming a sandwich immunocomplex, the ECL of LPA-AgNCs/N2H4 can be utilized to sensitively and selectively determine human carcinoembryonic antigen from 0.5 to 1000 pg/mL with a low limit of detection of 0.1 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This work might open a way to screen electrochemiluminophores for the multiple ECL immunoassay in a potential-resolved way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhijian Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yaojia Ai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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3
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Cao Z, Li C, Shu Y, Zhu M, Su B, Qin H, Peng X. Unraveling Mechanisms of Highly Efficient Yet Stable Electrochemiluminescence from Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26425-26434. [PMID: 37976033 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
With CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) as the model system, time- and potential-resolved spectroelectrochemical measurements are successfully applied for studying the general mechanisms and kinetics of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) generation. The rate constant of electron injection from the cathode into a QD to form a negatively charged QD (QD-) increases monotonically from -0.88 V to -1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Mainly due to the deep LUMO of the QDs, the resulting QD- as the key intermediate for ECL generation is structurally stable and possesses very slow spontaneous deionization channels. The latter (the main non-ECL channels) are usually 3-4 orders of magnitude slower than the rate constant of the successive hole injection from an active co-reactant into a QD-. The kinetic studies quantify the internal ECL quantum yield of ideal QD ECL emitters to be nearly identical to that of photoluminescence, which is near unity for the current system. Identification of the key intermediate, discovery of the related elementary steps, and determination of all rate constants not only establish a general framework for understanding ECL generation but also offer basic design rules for ECL emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chuyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yufei Shu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Meiyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bin Su
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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4
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Chen X, Liu Y, Wang B, Liu X, Lu C. Understanding role of microstructures of nanomaterials in electrochemiluminescence properties and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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5
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O'Connor S, Dennany L, O'Reilly E. Evolution of nanomaterial Electrochemiluminescence luminophores towards biocompatible materials. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 149:108286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Gao X, Liu X, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Zou G. Spectrum-Resolved Electrochemiluminescence to Multiplex the Immunoassay and DNA Probe Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15801-15808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiancheng Liu
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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7
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Feng Y, Wang N, Ju H. Electrochemiluminescence biosensing and bioimaging with nanomaterials as emitters. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Zhang J, Liu X, Liu H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhao W. Construction of electrochemiluminescence biosensor for monitoring of glutathione released by living cancer cells. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1226:340251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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9
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Hong G, Su C, Lai M, Huang Z, Weng Z, Chen Y, Deng H, Chen W, Peng H. Co-Reactant-Mediated Low-Potential Anodic Electrochemiluminescence Platform and Its Immunosensing Application. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12500-12506. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic Testing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Canping Su
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Mingchun Lai
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhongnan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhimin Weng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yaling Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Huaping Peng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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10
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Wang D, Liu X, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Zou G. Low-Triggering-Potential Single-Color Electrochemiluminescence from Bovine Serum Albumin-Stabilized Unary Au Nanocrystals for Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11688-11694. [PMID: 35943953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, low-triggering-potential (LTP) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) with an onset around 0.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) is proposed with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-stabilized Au nanocrystals (BSA-AuNCs) as a luminophore and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) as a coreactant. The BSA-AuNCs/N2H4 system can exhibit efficient LTP-ECL around 0.37 V with the luminophore of both monodispersed and surface-confined states. The LTP-ECL of BSA-AuNCs/N2H4 is a kind of single-color emission with a maximum emission wavelength around 740 nm, which is obviously red-shifted for 80 nm from that of BSA-AuNCs PL, and indicates that the ECL is generated in a surface-defect-involved route instead of the band-gap-engineered route. Importantly, BSA-AuNCs can be utilized as ECL tags to perform sandwich-type immunoassays with acceptable sensitivity and selectivity, which exhibits a wide linear response for determining CA125 from 0.5 to 1000 mU/mL and a limit of detection of 0.05 mU/mL (S/N = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiancheng Liu
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Company Limited, No. 1008 Songbai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Company Limited, No. 1008 Songbai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Company Limited, No. 1008 Songbai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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11
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Dong S, Wang D, Gao X, Fu L, Jia J, Xu Y, Zhang B, Zou G. Glow and Flash Adjustable Chemiluminescence with Tunable Waveband from the Same CuInS 2@ZnS Nanocrystal Luminophore. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6902-6908. [PMID: 35486816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
All commercial chemiluminescence (CL) assays are conducted with either glow or flash CL of eye-visible waveband from chemical luminophores. Herein, glow and flash, as well as waveband adjustable CL from the same nanoparticle luminophore of thiol-capped CuInS2@ZnS nanocrystals (CIS@ZnS-Thiol), are proposed via extensively exploiting the differed redox nature of CL triggering reagents. Taking thiosalicylic acid (TSA) as the model thiol-capping agent, the electron-injection-initiated charge transfer between CIS@ZnS-TSA and reductant can bring out efficient glow CL while the hole-injection-initiated charge transfer between CIS@ZnS-TSA and oxidant can give off obvious flash CL under optimum conditions. The maximum emission wavelength for CL of CIS@ZnS-TSA is adjustable from 730 nm to 823 nm via employing different triggering agents. Promisingly, the coexistent reductant of N2H4·H2O and oxidant of H2O2 can be employed as dual triggering reagents to trigger eye-visible and highly efficient flash CL from CIS@ZnS-TSA. The maximum emission intensity for flash CL of CIS@ZnS-TSA/N2H4-H2O2 is 101-fold greater than the glow CL of CIS@ZnS-TSA/N2H4 and 22-fold greater than the flash CL of CIS@ZnS-TSA/H2O2, respectively. The flash CL from CIS@ZnS-TSA/N2H4-H2O2 is qualified for highly sensitive and selective CL immunoassay in a commercialized typical procedure with the entire operating process manually terminated within 35 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangtian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingna Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuqi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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12
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Fu L, Gao X, Dong S, Jia J, Xu Y, Wang D, Zou G. Coreactant-Free and Direct Electrochemiluminescence from Dual-Stabilizer-Capped InP/ZnS Nanocrystals: A New Route Involving n-Type Luminophore. Anal Chem 2021; 94:1350-1356. [PMID: 34962776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is conventionally generated in either an annihilation or a coreactant route, and the overwhelming majority of ECL research is conducted in the coreactant route via oxidizing or reducing the coexisting coreactant and luminophore. The coreacant-free ECL generated via merely oxidizing the luminophore would break through the ceiling of coreactant ECL via excluding the detrimental effects of exogenous coreactant and dissolved oxygen. Herein, by exploiting the rich-electron nature of n-type nanocrystals (NCs), coreacant-free ECL is achieved via merely oxidizing 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) capped InP/ZnS NCs, i.e., InP/ZnSMPA-MSA. The electron-rich InP/ZnSMPA-MSA can be electrochemically injected with holes via two oxidative processes at around +0.75 and +1.37 V (vs Ag/AgCl), respectively, and the exogenous hole can directly combine the conduction band (CB) electron of InP/ZnSMPA-MSA, resulting in two coreactant-free ECL processes without employing any exogenous coreactant. The deprotonation process for the carboxyl group of the capping agents can provide a negatively charged surface to InP/ZnSMPA-MSA and enhance the coreactant-free ECL. The hole-injecting process at +1.37 is much stronger than that at +0.75 V and eventually enables an ∼2000-fold enhanced ECL at +1.37 V than that at +0.75 V. The ECL at +1.37 V can be utilized for coreactant-free ECL immunoassay with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as analyte, which exhibits an acceptable linear response from 5 pg·mL-1 to 1 ng·mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.3 pg·mL-1. The coreactant-free ECL route would provide an alternative to both annihilation and coreactant routes, simplify the ECL assay procedure and deepening the ECL mechanism investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuangtian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingna Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuqi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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13
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Dong S, Gao X, Fu L, Jia J, Zou G. Low-Triggering-Potential Electrochemiluminescence from Surface-Confined CuInS 2@ZnS Nanocrystals and their Biosensing Applications. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12250-12256. [PMID: 34463494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of low triggering potential is strongly anticipated for ECL assays with less inherent electrochemical interference and improved long-term stability of the working electrode. Herein, effects of the thiol capping agents and the states of luminophores, i.e., the thiol-capped CuInS2@ZnS nanocrystals (CuInS2@ZnS-Thiol), on the ECL triggering potential of CuInS2@ZnS-Thiol/N2H4·H2O were explored on the Au working electrode. The thiol capping agent of glutathione (GSH) not only enabled CuInS2@ZnS-Thiol/N2H4·H2O with the stronger oxidative-reduction ECL than other thiol capping agents but also demonstrated the largest shift for the ECL triggering potential of CuInS2@ZnS-Thiol/N2H4·H2O upon changing the luminophores from the monodispersed state to the surface-confined state. CuInS2@ZnS-GSH/N2H4·H2O exhibited an efficient oxidative-reduction ECL around 0.78 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with CuInS2@ZnS-GSH of the monodispersed state. Upon employing CuInS2@ZnS-GSH as the ECL tag and immobilizing them onto the Au working electrode, the oxidative-reduction ECL of CuInS2@ZnS-GSH/N2H4·H2O was lowered to 0.32 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which was about 0.88 V lower than that of traditional Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA (typically ∼1.2 V, vs Ag/AgCl). The ECL of the CuInS2@ZnS-GSH/N2H4·H2O system with the luminophore of both monodispersed and surface-confined states was spectrally identical to each other, indicating that this surface-confining strategy exhibited negligible effect on the excited state for the ECL of CuInS2@ZnS-GSH. A surface-confined ECL sensor around 0.32 V was fabricated with CuInS2@ZnS-GSH as a luminophore, which could sensitively and selectively determine the K-RAS gene from 1 to 500 pM with a limit of detection at 0.5 pmol L-1 (S/N = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangtian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingna Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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14
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Li Z, Deng X, Wu S, Dong S, Zou G. Hydrazine Hydrate and Dissolved Oxygen-Triggered Near-Infrared Chemiluminescence from CuInS 2@ZnS Nanocrystals for Bioassays. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8931-8936. [PMID: 34137591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of commercially available chemiluminescence (CL) assays are conducted in the eye-visible region. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR) aqueous CL strategy was proposed with CuInS2@ZnS nanocrystals (CIS@ZnS NCs) as emitters. Hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O) could inject electrons into the conduction band of the CIS@ZnS NCs and simultaneously transformed to the intermediate radical N2H3•. N2H3• reduced dissolved oxygen (O2) to O2-•, while the O2-• could inject holes into the valence band of the CIS@ZnS NCs. The recombination of electrons and holes at Cu+ defects in CIS@ZnS NCs eventually yielded efficient NIR CL at around 824.1 nm, which is the longest waveband for NCs CL to the best of our knowledge. The NIR CL could be conveniently performed in the neutral aqueous medium (pH 7.0) with a quantum yield of 0.0155 Einstein/mol and was successfully employed for constructing a signal-off CL biosensor with ascorbic acid as the analyte as well as a signal-on CL biosensor for determining ascorbate oxidase, which indicates that this NIR CL system has a promising potential for bioassays in diverse ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xunxun Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuangtian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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15
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Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Yin P, Shang L, Ma R, Jia L, Xue Q, He S, Wang H. Lowly-aggregated perylene diimide as a near-infrared electrochemiluminescence luminophore for ultrasensitive immunosensors at low potentials. Analyst 2021; 146:3679-3685. [PMID: 33955434 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00410g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) field, most reported luminophores were focused on high-triggering potential and short wavelength, which was adverse for the ECL theory study and application at low potentials. Perylene diimide derivatives could emit near-infrared (NIR) ECL at low-triggering potential; however, they are always highly aggregated into a microrod structure and stacked together, which largely limited their application in biological fields such as bio-sensing and bio-imaging. To overcome these obstacles, we designed a novel perylene diimide molecule, namely N,N'-dicaproate sodium-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PDI-COONa). This molecule self-assembled into a two-dimensional network nanostructure, which largely decreased the aggregation degree of PDI molecules and provided solid bases for designing lowly-aggregated PDI molecules. Also, the formed nanoluminophore produced strong emission at -0.26 V with an NIR wavelength 700 nm, which should be due to the excited J-type PDI-COO- dimers. Moreover, this network nanoluminophore well-dispersed on graphene oxide (GO) as an ECL nanomaterial to label secondary antibodies and fabricate a sandwiched immunosensor for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection between 0 and -0.6 V. This immunosensor showed a wider linear response for AFP ranging from 0.1 fg mL-1 to 1 μg mL-1 with a low detection limit 0.0353 fg mL-1 compared with other immunosensors based on PDI microrod-modified GO ECL materials. The fabricated immunosensor also showed good feasibility in human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Yanmo Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Lei Shang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Rongna Ma
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Liping Jia
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Shuijian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
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16
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Li Z, Wu S, Zou G. Highly potential-resolved anodic electrochemiluminescence multiplexing immunoassay with CuInS2@ZnS nanocrystals and [Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy)]2+ as emitters. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Fu L, Gao X, Dong S, Hsu HY, Zou G. Surface-Defect-Induced and Synergetic-Effect-Enhanced NIR-II Electrochemiluminescence of Au–Ag Bimetallic Nanoclusters and Its Spectral Sensing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4909-4915. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road #27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road #27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuangtian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road #27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue #83, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road #27, Jinan 250100, China
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18
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Fu L, Fu K, Gao X, Dong S, Zhang B, Fu S, Hsu HY, Zou G. Enhanced Near-Infrared Electrochemiluminescence from Trinary Ag-In-S to Multinary Ag-Ga-In-S Nanocrystals via Doping-in-Growth and Its Immunosensing Applications. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2160-2165. [PMID: 33416308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Screening toxic-element-free and biocompatible electrochemiluminophores was crucial for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) evolution. Herein, l-glutathione (GSH)-capped Ag-Ga-In-S (AGIS) nanocrystals (NCs) were prepared by doping Ag-In-S (AIS) NCs in a doping-in-growth way and utilized as a model for both ECL modulating and developing multinary NC-based electrochemiluminophores with enhanced ECL performance than trinary NCs. AGIS NCs not only primarily preserved the morphology, size, phase structure, and water monodisperse characteristics of AIS NCs with broadened band gap but also demonstrated obviously enhanced oxidative-reduction ECL than AIS NCs. Importantly, ECL of AGIS NCs was located at the near-infrared region with a maximum emission wavelength of 744 nm and could be utilized for an ECL immunoassay with human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a model, which exhibited a linearity range from 0.05 pg/mL to 1.0 ng/mL and a low limit of detection of 0.01 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This work provided a promising alternative to the traditional binary NCs for developing toxic-element-free and biocompatible electrochemiluminophores with efficient near-infrared ECL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kena Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuangtian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shanji Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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19
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Yuan F, Halawa MI, Ma X, Abdussalam A, Lou B, Xu G. Electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)
3
2+
/Oxamic Hydrazide and its Application for Selective Detection of 4‐Nitrobenzaldehyde. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 Jilin China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering and College Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy University of Mansoura 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Xiangui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 Jilin China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Abubakar Abdussalam
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 Jilin China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Baohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 Jilin China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 Jilin China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 Anhui China
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20
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Fu L, Zhang B, Fu K, Gao X, Zou G. Electrochemically Lighting Up Luminophores at Similar Low Triggering Potentials with Mechanistic Insights. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6144-6149. [PMID: 32207298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) with high electrode compatibility and less electrochemical interference has conventionally been envisioned by lowering the oxidative potential of luminophores and/or screening luminophores with a low oxidative potential. Herein, an alternative was developed by employing the environmental-friendly carbohydrazide as a coreactant, which enabled serial luminophores with oxidative-reduction ECL at one similar low triggering potential around 0.55 V versus Ag/AgCl, including Ru(bpy)32+ as well as CdTe, CdSe, CuInS2/ZnS, and Au nanocrystals. Because the eight-electron releasing process of carbohydrazide was electrochemically triggered at ∼0.25 V versus Ag/AgCl, the radicals generated via electrochemical oxidation of carbohydrazide could reduce the luminophores at a much lower potential than those of traditional coreactants. All the luminophore/carbohydrazide systems exhibited one ECL process around 0.55 V, which was about 0.65 V lower than that of a traditional Ru(bpy)32+/tri-n-propylamine system (typically around +1.2 V), and even lower than the oxidative potential of some luminophores. The ECL of the luminophore/carbohydrazide system was spectrally close to that of the corresponding luminophore/tri-n-propylamine system; the maximum emission wavelength of the low triggering potential ECL could shift from 540 to 783 nm via the selection of luminophores in this case. The coreactant screening strategy would be a favorable addition to the expected luminophore screening strategy for achieving enhanced ECL performance. This work created an avenue toward a deeper understanding of the ECL mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kena Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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21
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Liu J, Zhao R, Wang X, Gao X, Zou G. Mechanistic investigations into synergistically enhanced radiative-charge-transfer in Au–Ag bimetallic nanoclusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5665-5668. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synergetic effects in Au–Ag bimetallic nanoclusters more favorably enhanced electrochemical redox induced electrochemiluminescence over photoexcitation induced photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Liu
- Qilu University of Technology
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province
- Jinan 250353
- China
| | - Rusong Zhao
- Qilu University of Technology
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province
- Jinan 250353
- China
| | - Xia Wang
- Qilu University of Technology
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province
- Jinan 250353
- China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- Shandong University
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- Shandong University
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jinan 250100
- China
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22
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Cui C, Jin R, Jiang D, Zhang J, Zhu JJ. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence in Submicrometer Wells for Very High-Density Biosensing. Anal Chem 2019; 92:578-582. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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23
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Zhang W, Song Y, He S, Shang L, Ma R, Jia L, Wang H. Perylene diimide as a cathodic electrochemiluminescence luminophore for immunoassays at low potentials. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20910-20916. [PMID: 31660563 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) field, most reported luminophores produced ECL emission at high potentials (more than -1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl), which was adverse for both fundamental studies and practical application. It was important to screen novel ECL luminophores and coreactants for the development of ECL. In this work, N,N'-dimethyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PDI-CH3) is reported to produce ECL at -0.47 V using K2S2O8 as a coreactant in an aqueous system. In addition, the ECL wavelength was 689 nm, which was interpreted with the emission of excited PDI-CH3 dimers. Finally, this low-triggering-potential ECL system was used to construct sandwiched immunosensors to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with the potential range from 0 to -0.8 V. In this immunosensor, PDI-CH3 and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) reduced by citrate were grafted onto graphite oxide (GO) to label secondary antibodies (Ab2). This immunosensor could sensitively detect CEA with the linear response range between 1 fg mL-1 and 1 μg mL-1 and detection limit 0.29 fg mL-1. In addition, this immunosensor showed good feasibility in various cancer serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Yue Song
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Shuijian He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lei Shang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Rongna Ma
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Liping Jia
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Huaisheng Wang
- Chemistry of Department, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
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24
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Li Z, Wu S, Zhang B, Fu L, Zou G. Promising Mercaptobenzoic Acid-Bridged Charge Transfer for Electrochemiluminescence from CuInS 2@ZnS Nanocrystals via Internal Cu +/Cu 2+ Couple Cycling. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5408-5413. [PMID: 31464133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Screening novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems with less inherent interference is strongly anticipated for ECL evolution. Herein, near-infrared ECL (∼730 nm) with an ultralow triggering potential of 0.45 V (vs Ag/AgCl) is achieved under physiological conditions with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) and citrate capped CuInS2@ZnS (CIS@ZnS) nanocrystals (NCs), which is promising for less autofluorescence and electrochemical interference. Cu+ species within the CIS@ZnS NCs can be electrochemically oxidized at 0.45 V to form internal Cu2+ defects, while the capping agent MBA can bridge a direct charge transfer between the oxidized NCs and the traditional coreactant tripropylamine (TPrA) for weak ECL at 0.45 V. When hydrazine hydrate is adopted as coreactant, CIS@ZnS NCs/hydrazine hydrate exhibits 8k-fold enhanced oxidative-reduction ECL via the internal Cu+/Cu2+ couple cycling at 0.45 V in comparison to CIS@ZnS NCs/TPrA. This work opens a way to enhance the radiative charge transfer of NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116023 , China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Shuo Wu
- School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
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