1
|
Peters-Clarke TM, Coon JJ, Riley NM. Instrumentation at the Leading Edge of Proteomics. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7976-8010. [PMID: 38738990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Trenton M Peters-Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moon SH, Hwang HJ, Jeon HR, Park SJ, Bae IS, Yang YJ. Photocrosslinkable natural polymers in tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1127757. [PMID: 36970625 PMCID: PMC10037533 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1127757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers have been widely used in scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity compared to synthetic polymers. Despite these advantages, there remain drawbacks such as unsatisfying mechanical properties or low processability, which hinder natural tissue substitution. Several non-covalent or covalent crosslinking methods induced by chemicals, temperatures, pH, or light sources have been suggested to overcome these limitations. Among them, light-assisted crosslinking has been considered as a promising strategy for fabricating microstructures of scaffolds. This is due to the merits of non-invasiveness, relatively high crosslinking efficiency via light penetration, and easily controllable parameters, including light intensity or exposure time. This review focuses on photo-reactive moieties and their reaction mechanisms, which are widely exploited along with natural polymer and its tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hyung Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Jeon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Ji Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yun Jung Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li B, Yang Y, Ding Y, Ge Y, Xu Y, Xie Y, Shi Y, Le G. Dityrosine in food: A review of its occurrence, health effects, detection methods, and mitigation strategies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:355-379. [PMID: 36382862 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein and amino acid oxidation in food products produce many new compounds, of which the reactive and toxic compound dityrosine, derived from oxidized tyrosine, is the most widely studied. The high reactivity of dityrosine enables this compound to induce oxidative stress and disrupt thyroid hormone function, contributing to the pathological processes of several diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, aging, and age-related diseases. From the perspective of food safety and human health, protein-oxidation products in food are the main concern of consumers, health management departments, and the food industry. This review highlights the latest research on the formation pathways, toxicity, detection methods, occurrence in food, and mitigation strategies for dityrosine. Furthermore, the control of dityrosine in family cooking and food-processing industry has been discussed. Food-derived dityrosine primarily originates from high-protein foods, such as meat and dairy products. Considering its toxicity, combining rapid high sensitivity dityrosine detection techniques with feasible control methods could be an effective strategy to ensure food safety and maintain human health. However, the current dityrosine detection and mitigation strategies exhibit some inherent characteristics and limitations. Therefore, developing technologies for rapid and effective dityrosine detection and control at the industrial level is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China
| | - Yinyi Ding
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yueting Ge
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma G, Wang Z, Yu Q, Han L, Chen C, Guo Z. Effects of low-dose sodium nitrite on the structure of yak meat myoglobin during wet curing. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100434. [PMID: 36211786 PMCID: PMC9532770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
5
|
Mukherjee S, Perez KA, Dubois C, Nisbet RM, Li QX, Varghese S, Jin L, Birchall I, Streltsov VA, Vella LJ, McLean C, Barham KJ, Roberts BR, Masters CL. Citrullination of Amyloid-β Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3719-3732. [PMID: 34519476 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein citrullination (deimination of arginine residue) is a well-known biomarker of inflammation. Elevated protein citrullination has been shown to colocalize with extracellular amyloid plaques in postmortem AD patient brains. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides which aggregate and accumulate in the plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have sequential N-terminal truncations and multiple post-translational modifications (PTM) such as isomerization, pyroglutamate formation, phosphorylation, nitration, and dityrosine cross-linking. However, no conclusive biochemical evidence exists whether citrullinated Aβ is present in AD brains. In this study, using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we have identified citrullination of Aβ in sporadic and familial AD brains by characterizing the tandem mass spectra of endogenous N-truncated citrullinated Aβ peptides. Our quantitative estimations demonstrate that ∼ 35% of pyroglutamate3-Aβ pool was citrullinated in plaques in the sporadic AD temporal cortex and ∼ 22% in the detergent-insoluble frontal cortex fractions. Similarly, hypercitrullinated pyroglutamate3-Aβ (∼ 30%) was observed in both the detergent-soluble as well as insoluble Aβ pool in familial AD cases. Our results indicate that a common mechanism for citrullination of Aβ exists in both the sporadic and familial AD. We establish that citrullination of Aβ is a remarkably common PTM, closely associated with pyroglutamate3-Aβ formation and its accumulation in AD. This may have implications for Aβ toxicity, autoantigenicity of Aβ, and may be relevant for the design of diagnostic assays and therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Keyla A. Perez
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Celine Dubois
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca M. Nisbet
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shiji Varghese
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Liang Jin
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ian Birchall
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Victor A. Streltsov
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura J. Vella
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barham
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Blaine R. Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Colin L. Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gammelgaard SK, Petersen SB, Haselmann KF, Nielsen PK. Characterization of Insulin Dimers by Top-Down Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1910-1918. [PMID: 33084334 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-molecular weight products (HMWP) are an important critical quality attribute in research and development of insulin biopharmaceuticals. We here demonstrate on two case studies of covalent insulin dimers, induced by Fe2+ incubation or ultraviolet (UV) light stress, that de novo characterization in top-down mass spectrometry (MS) workflows can identify cross-link types and sites. On the MS2 level, electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) efficiently cleaved the interchain disulfide bonds in the dimers to reveal cross-link connectivities between chains. The combined utilization of EThcD and 213 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) facilitated identification of the chemical composition of the cross-links. Identification of cross-link sites between chains at residue level was achievable for both dimers with MS3 analysis of MS2 fragments cleaved at the cross-link or additionally the interchain disulfide bonds. UVPD provided identification of cross-link sites in the Fe2+-induced dimer without MS3, while cross-link site identification with MS2 was not possible for the UV light-induced dimer. Thus, using varied multistage approaches, it was discovered that in the UV light-induced dimer, Tyr14 of the A-chain participated in an -O-S- cross-link in which the sulfur was derived either from Cys7 or Cys19 of the B-chain. In the Fe2+-induced dimer, Phe1 from both B-chains were cross-linked through a -CH2-. The UV chromophoric side chain of Phe1 was indicated in the cross-link, explaining why UVPD-MS2 was effective in fragmenting the cross-link and nearby backbone bonds. Our results demonstrated that higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), EThcD, and UVPD combined with MS3 were powerful tools for direct de novo characterization of cross-linked insulin dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Gammelgaard
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Steffen B Petersen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kim F Haselmann
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Peter Kresten Nielsen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Keyes ED, Kauser K, Warner KS, Roberts AG. Photosensitized Oxidative Dimerization at Tyrosine by a Water-Soluble 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2703-2710. [PMID: 34161648 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of proteins generates reactive amino acid (AA) residue intermediates, leading to protein modification and cross-linking. Aerobic studies with peptides and photosensitizers allow for the controlled generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive AA residue intermediates, providing mechanistic insights as to how natural protein modifications form. Such studies have inspired the development of abiotic methods for protein modification and crosslinking, including applications of biomedical importance. Dityrosine linkages derived from oxidation at tyrosine (Tyr) residues represent one of the more well-understood oxidation-induced modifications. Here we demonstrate an aerobic, visible light-dependent oxidation reaction of Tyr-containing substrates promoted by a water-soluble 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide-based photosensitizer. The developed procedure converts Tyr-containing substrates into o,o'-Tyr-Tyr linked dimers. The regioselectively formed o,o'-Tyr-Tyr linkage is consistent with dimeric standards prepared using a known enzymatic method. A crossover study with two peptides provides a statistical mixture of three distinct o,o'-Tyr-Tyr linked dimers, supporting a mechanism that involves Tyr residue oxidation followed by intermolecular combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dalles Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Katalin Kauser
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Kevin S Warner
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Andrew G Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cantrell LS, Schey KL. Proteomic characterization of the human lens and Cataractogenesis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:119-135. [PMID: 33849365 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1913062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this review is to highlight the triumphs and frontiers in measurement of the lens proteome as it relates to onset of age-related nuclear cataract. As global life expectancy increases, so too does the frequency of age-related nuclear cataracts. Molecular therapeutics do not exist for delay or relief of cataract onset in humans. Since lens fiber cells are incapable of protein synthesis after initial maturation, age-related changes in proteome composition and post-translational modification accumulation can be measured with various techniques. Several of these modifications have been associated with cataract onset. AREAS COVERED We discuss the impact of long-lived proteins on the lens proteome and lens homeostasis as well as proteomic techniques that may be used to measure proteomes at various levels of proteomic specificity and spatial resolution. EXPERT OPINION There is clear evidence that several proteome modifications are correlated with cataract formation. Past studies should be enhanced with cutting-edge, spatially resolved mass spectrometry techniques to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of modification detection as it relates to cataract formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee S Cantrell
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cui L, Ma Y, Li M, Wei Z, Huan Y, Fei Q, Li H, Zheng L. An acidic residue reactive and disulfide bond-containing cleavable cross-linker for probing protein 3D structures based on electrochemical mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 216:120964. [PMID: 32456912 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has attracted broad attention because of the capability to probe three-dimensional structure of proteins. Up to now, several amine-reactive cross-linkers have been developed for characterization of proteins and protein complexes. However, spatial information retrieved by XL-MS is still limited, partly because the strategies using an acidic residue reactive cross-linker have been rarely reported. In this paper, an acidic residue (e.g. aspartic acid, glutamic acid)-specific, disulfide bond-containing, cleavable cross-linker with a length of 13.1 Å, named 3,3'-dithiobis(propanoic dihydrazide), was presented for the first time. In addition, a novel approach using the cross-linker was proposed for unambiguous characterization of peptides and proteins with disulfide bonds. After cross-linked, the peptides could be electrochemically reduced, then characterized by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. For demonstration, the approach has been adopted to characterize the emideltide, insulin, and myoglobin, of which four pairs of intrachain cross-links have been successfully identified in myoglobin. The results showed that the cross-links displayed predictable fragmentation pattern upon collision induced dissociation (CID), thus admitting simplifying data analysis. In summary, this work introduces a novel type of cross-linker utilized for cross-linking and a new strategy to XL-MS technology for comprehensively understanding the three-dimensional structure of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yongge Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhonglin Wei
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanfu Huan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Qiang Fei
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lianyou Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdelmouleh M, Lalande M, El Feghaly J, Vizcaino V, Rebelo A, Eden S, Schlathölter T, Poully JC. Mass Spectral Signatures of Complex Post-Translational Modifications in Proteins: A Proof-of-Principle Based on X-ray Irradiated Vancomycin. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1738-1743. [PMID: 32551638 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins is of key relevance for the understanding of many biological processes, as these covalent modifications strongly influence or even determine protein function. Among the different analytical techniques available, mass spectrometry is attracting growing attention because recent instrumental and computational improvements have led to a massive rise of the number of PTM sites that can be identified and quantified. However, multiple PTM occurring at adjacent amino acid residues can lead to complex and dense chemical patterns that are a challenge to characterize. By means of X-ray synchrotron radiation coupled to mass spectrometry, and through the test-case of the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin, we show that such a pattern has a unique and robust signature in terms of photon energy and molecular environment. This highlights the potential of this technique in proteomics and its value as a tool to understand the biological roles of PTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdelmouleh
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14070 Caen, France
| | - Mathieu Lalande
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14070 Caen, France
| | - Johnny El Feghaly
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14070 Caen, France
| | - Violaine Vizcaino
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14070 Caen, France
| | - André Rebelo
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, U.K
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, FCT - Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, P-2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Samuel Eden
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, U.K
| | - Thomas Schlathölter
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Christophe Poully
- CIMAP, UMR 6252 CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen Normandie, Bd Becquerel, 14070 Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evaluation of ultraviolet photodissociation tandem mass spectrometry for the structural assignment of unsaturated fatty acid double bond positional isomers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2339-2351. [PMID: 32006064 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are a major source of structural diversity within the lipidome due to variations in their acyl chain lengths, branching, and cyclization, as well as the number, position, and stereochemistry of double bonds within their mono- and poly-unsaturated species. Here, the utility of 193 nm UltraViolet PhotoDissociation tandem mass spectrometry (UVPD-MS/MS) has been evaluated for the detailed structural characterization of a series of unsaturated fatty acid lipid species. UVPD-MS/MS of unsaturated fatty acids is shown to yield pairs of unique diagnostic product ions resulting from cleavages adjacent to their C=C double bonds, enabling unambiguous localization of the site(s) of unsaturation within these lipids. The effect of several experimental variables on the observed fragmentation behaviour and UVPD-MS/MS efficiency, including the position and number of double bonds, the effect of conjugated versus non-conjugated double bonds, the number of laser pulses, and the influence of alkali metal cations (Li, Na, K) as the ionizing adducts, has been evaluated. Importantly, the abundance of the diagnostic ions is shown to enable relative quantitation of mixtures of fatty acid isomers across a range of molar ratios. Finally, the practical application of 193 nm UVPD-MS/MS is demonstrated via characterization of changes in the ratios of fatty acid double bond positional isomers in isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines. This study therefore demonstrates the practicality of UVPD-MS/MS for the structural characterization of fatty acid isomers in lipidome analysis workflows.
Collapse
|