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Samanta S, Lai K, Wu F, Liu Y, Cai S, Yang X, Qu J, Yang Z. Xanthene, cyanine, oxazine and BODIPY: the four pillars of the fluorophore empire for super-resolution bioimaging. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7197-7261. [PMID: 37743716 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of biological research, the invention of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has enabled the visualization of ultrafine sub-cellular structures and their functions in live cells at the nano-scale level, beyond the diffraction limit, which has opened up a new window for advanced biomedical studies to unravel the complex unknown details of physiological disorders at the sub-cellular level with unprecedented resolution and clarity. However, most of the SRM techniques are highly reliant on the personalized special photophysical features of the fluorophores. In recent times, there has been an unprecedented surge in the development of robust new fluorophore systems with personalized features for various super-resolution imaging techniques. To date, xanthene, cyanine, oxazine and BODIPY cores have been authoritatively utilized as the basic fluorophore units in most of the small-molecule-based organic fluorescent probe designing strategies for SRM owing to their excellent photophysical characteristics and easy synthetic acquiescence. Since the future of next-generation SRM studies will be decided by the availability of advanced fluorescent probes and these four fluorescent building blocks will play an important role in progressive new fluorophore design, there is an urgent need to review the recent advancements in designing fluorophores for different SRM methods based on these fluorescent dye cores. This review article not only includes a comprehensive discussion about the recent developments in designing fluorescent probes for various SRM techniques based on these four important fluorophore building blocks with special emphasis on their effective integration into live cell super-resolution bio-imaging applications but also critically evaluates the background of each of the fluorescent dye cores to highlight their merits and demerits towards developing newer fluorescent probes for SRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Samanta
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Kaitao Lai
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Feihu Wu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Songtao Cai
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xusan Yang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Zhai R, Fang B, Lai Y, Peng B, Bai H, Liu X, Li L, Huang W. Small-molecule fluorogenic probes for mitochondrial nanoscale imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:942-972. [PMID: 36514947 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00562j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are inextricably linked to the development of diseases and cell metabolism disorders. Super-resolution imaging (SRI) is crucial in enhancing our understanding of mitochondrial ultrafine structures and functions. In addition to high-precision instruments, super-resolution microscopy relies heavily on fluorescent materials with unique photophysical properties. Small-molecule fluorogenic probes (SMFPs) have excellent properties that make them ideal for mitochondrial SRI. This paper summarizes recent advances in the field of SMFPs, with a focus on the chemical and spectroscopic properties required for mitochondrial SRI. Finally, we discuss future challenges in this field, including the design principles of SMFPs and nanoscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiu Zhai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yaqi Lai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaowang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China. .,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China. .,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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Yang YZ, Qiu WX, Xu ZY, Sun Z, Qing M, Li NB, Luo HQ. Rational design of a fluorescent probe for specific sensing of hydrogen peroxide/glucose and intracellular imaging applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 277:121254. [PMID: 35452901 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new type of dye with advantages of high selectivity and sensitivity is formed by using the strategy of hybridization between the luminescent unit and recognition unit. Based on this strategy, we exploit a novel dye bonding the benzopyrylium salt as a luminescent unit and phenylboronate group as a response site, which is served as a fluorescent probe 1 for specific recognition of hydrogen peroxide in biological application. Probe 1 employs a unique recognition switch, phenylboronate unit, to"turn-on"a highly specific and rapid fluorescence response toward hydrogen peroxide combined with the 1,6-rearrangement elimination reaction strategy. Meanwhile, probe 1 has the ability to glucose assay by taking advantage of glucose oxidase/glucose enzymatic reaction. What's more, the probe 1 is capable of tracking endogenous hydrogen peroxide in living cells and intracellular imaging. Therefore, the newly developed bioprobe 1 is expected to be used to monitor hydrogen peroxide and glucose levels in complex organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Department of Basic Teaching, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Wan Xiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zi Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Min Qing
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Yang Y, Kim OS, Kim B, Liu G, Song J, Liu D, Ma G, Kim Y, Kim O. A Novel Fluorescent Dye Extracted from Buddleja officinalis for Labeling Mitochondria after Fixation. SCANNING 2022; 2022:7486005. [PMID: 35711296 PMCID: PMC9187463 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7486005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are versatile organelles and function by communicating with cellular ecosystems. The fluorescent colocalization analysis after fixation is a highly intuitive method to understand the role of mitochondria. However, there are few fluorescent dyes available for mitochondrial staining after fixation. In this study, a novel fluorescent dye (BO-dye), extracted from Buddleja officinalis, was applied for mitochondrial staining in fixed immortalized human oral keratinocytes. The BO-dye (excitation: 414 nm, emission: 677 nm) is a small fluorescent molecular dye, which can cross the cytomembrane without permeabilization. We assume that the BO-dye could aggregate and bind to the mitochondria stably. BO-dye exhibited a mega-Stokes shift (>250 nm), which is an important feature that could reduce self-quenching and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. Analysis of photophysical properties revealed that the BO-dye is temperature and pH insensitive, and it exhibits superior photostability. These results indicate that BO-dye can be considered an alternative fluorescent dye for labeling mitochondria after fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Dental Implant Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunggook Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Guo Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianan Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Guowu Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wang Y, Chen RX, Tian R, Li Y, Guo Z, Fang Y, Zhang Q, Chen S, Wang KP, Hu ZQ. A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for real-time imaging SO 2/H 2O 2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 262:120134. [PMID: 34271238 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that changes in the redox state of cells might be closely related to pathological and physiological processes. Sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, as a significant redox couple in living cells, are endogenously produced by cells. Here, we report a long-wavelength fluorescent probe to reversibly monitor sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. This probe (NBD) displayed high selectivity and sensitivity, which could be accumulated in mitochondria for real-time imaging of SO2/H2O2. These results indicated that NBD would be an ideal tool for monitoring the redox cycle state in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ru-Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Rui Tian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zongxia Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Shaojin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Kun-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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6
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E S, He C, Wang JH, Mao Q, Chen X. Tunable Organelle Imaging by Rational Design of Carbon Dots and Utilization of Uptake Pathways. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14465-14474. [PMID: 34498468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Employing one-step hydrothermal treatment of o-phenylenediamine and lysine to exploit their self- and copolymerization, four kinds of CDs (ECDs, NCDs, GCDs, and LCDs) are synthesized, possessing different surface groups (CH3, C-O-C, NH2, and COOH) and lipophilicity which endow them with various uptake pathways to achieve tunable organelle imaging. Specifically, highly lipophilic ECDs with CH3 group and NCDs with C-O-C group select passive manner to target to endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, respectively. Amphiphilic GCDs with CH3, C-O-C and NH2 groups prefer caveolin-mediated endocytosis to locate at Golgi apparatus. Highly hydrophilic LCDs with CH3, NH2 and COOH groups are involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis to localize in lysosomes. Besides, imaging results of cell division, three-dimensional reconstruction and living zebrafish demonstrate that the obtained CDs are promising potential candidates for specific organelle-targeting imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang E
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chuang He
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Quanxing Mao
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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Zhang Q, Hu X, Dai X, Ling P, Sun J, Chen H, Gao F. General Strategy to Achieve Color-Tunable Ratiometric Two-Photon Integrated Single Semiconducting Polymer Dot for Imaging Hypochlorous Acid. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13633-13645. [PMID: 34374516 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desired and challenging to construct integrated (all-in-one) single semiconducting-polymer-derived dot (Pdot) without any postmodification but with desired performances for bioapplications. In this work, eight hypochlorous acid (HClO)-sensitive integrated polymers and corresponding polymer-derived Pdots are designed through molecular engineering to comparatively study their analytical performances for detecting and imaging HClO. The optimized polymers-derived Pdots are obtained through regulating donor-acceptor structure, the content of HClO-sensitive units, and the position of HClO-sensitive units in the polymer backbone. The designed Pdots display distinguished characteristics including multicolours with blue, yellow, and red three primary fluorescence colors, determination mode from single-channel to dual-channel (ratiometric) quantification, ultrafast response, low detection limit, and high selectivity for ClO- sensing based on specific oxidation of ClO--sensitive unit 10-methylphenothiazine (PT) accompanied by altering the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes in Pdots. The prepared integrated Pdots are also applied for two-photon ClO- imaging in HeLa cells and one- and two-photon ClO- imaging produced in acute inflammation in mice with satisfactory results. We believe that the present study not only provides excellent integrated fluorescent nanoprobes for ClO- monitoring in living systems but also extends a general strategy for designing integrated semiconducting polymers and Pdots with desired performances for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Dai
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghua Ling
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyong Sun
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
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Yuan L, Wang D, Shan S, Chen J, Huang W, Han G, Tian X, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Liu Z. Real-time imaging of viscosity in the mitochondrial matrix by a red-emissive molecular rotor. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3181-3186. [PMID: 34169932 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial matrix contains numerous metabolism-related proteins/enzymes and nucleic acids, which play key roles in the process of energy generation and signal transduction. The fluctuations in mitochondrial biomacromolecular levels lead to the changes in the mitochondrial matrix viscosity; therefore, real-time measuring the mitochondrial matrix viscosity is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of the mitochondrial physiology and pathobiology. However, investigations are limited due to the lack of a mitochondrial matrix-specific molecular rotor. Herein, we report a design of a molecular rotor that is specifically enriched in the mitochondrial matrix. The red fluorescence of the rotor switches on when the viscosity increases, enabling the real-time monitoring of the viscosity change therein. Interestingly, the rotor showed non-fluorescence behaviour in the liposome (mimicking membrane structure), avoiding fluorescence interference from the mitochondrial bilayer membrane. Super-resolution imaging reveals that the viscosity is uneven in an individual mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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9
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Fluorescence live cell imaging revealed wogonin targets mitochondria. Talanta 2021; 230:122328. [PMID: 33934785 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the widely used Chinese traditional medicines, and wogonin is one of major active components in it. However, the mechanism of action of wogonin has largely remained unclear. In this work, we designed a fluorescent probe, namely ATTO565-WGN, by conjugating wogonin with the fluorophore ATTO565 based on Mannich reaction via a flexible chain linker. In vitro assays verified that the ATTO565-WGN conjugate has a similar anti-proliferative activity to wogonin against human A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines. Combining co-localization and competition studies, confocal fluorescence imaging clearly demonstrated that the fluorescent wogonin probe predominantly located in mitochondrial area of living cells, indicating that wogonin acts at mitochondrion to exert its pharmacological functions. Significantly, the conjugated ATTO565 fluorophore conferred the wogonin probe STED (Stimulated Emission Depletion) feature, enabling STED fluorescence living cell imaging with a 55 nm of ultrahigh spatial resolution. This will greatly beneficial for the in situ investigation of interactions between wogonin and biological targets at the finely organized and dynamic mitochondria of living cells. Moreover, this work also provides novel insights into rational design of mitochondrion targeting fluorescence probes for ultrahigh resolution living cell imaging.
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Xu Y, Xu R, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Shen Q, Ji W, Dang D, Meng L, Tang BZ. Recent advances in luminescent materials for super-resolution imaging via stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:667-690. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress on STED fluorophores for super-resolution imaging and also their characteristics are outlined here, thus providing some guidelines to select proper probes and even develop new materials for super-resolution imaging via STED nanoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Xu
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Ruohan Xu
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yu Zhou
- Instrumental Analysis Center
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Qifei Shen
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Wenchen Ji
- Department of Orthopedics
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University
- P. R. China
| | - Dongfeng Dang
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Chemistry
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiao Tong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
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11
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Yang Z, Li L, Ling J, Liu T, Huang X, Ying Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Lei K, Chen L, Chen Z. Cyclooctatetraene-conjugated cyanine mitochondrial probes minimize phototoxicity in fluorescence and nanoscopic imaging. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8506-8516. [PMID: 34094186 PMCID: PMC8161535 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern fluorescence-imaging methods promise to unveil organelle dynamics in live cells. Phototoxicity, however, has become a prevailing issue when boosted illumination applies. Mitochondria are representative organelles whose research heavily relies on optical imaging, yet these membranous hubs of bioenergy are exceptionally vulnerable to photodamage. We report that cyclooctatetraene-conjugated cyanine dyes (PK Mito dyes), are ideal mitochondrial probes with remarkably low photodynamic damage for general use in fluorescence cytometry. In contrast, the nitrobenzene conjugate of Cy3 exhibits enhanced photostability but unaffected phototoxicity compared to parental Cy3. PK Mito Red, in conjunction with Hessian-structural illumination microscopy, enables 2000-frame time-lapse imaging with clearly resolvable crista structures, revealing rich mitochondrial dynamics. In a rigorous stem cell sorting and transplantation assay, PK Mito Red maximally retains the stemness of planarian neoblasts, exhibiting excellent multifaceted biocompatibility. Resonating with the ongoing theme of reducing photodamage using optical approaches, this work advocates the evaluation and minimization of phototoxicity when developing imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Liuju Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Jing Ling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoshuai Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yuqing Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation, Translational Research of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Sciences, Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation, Translational Research of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Sciences, Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Kai Lei
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation, Translational Research of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life Sciences, Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University Beijing China
- PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University Beijing China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Beijing China
- PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine Nanjing China
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12
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Zhang C, Guan R, Liao X, Ouyang C, Liu J, Ji L, Chao H. Mitochondrial DNA targeting and impairment by a dinuclear Ir–Pt complex that overcomes cisplatin resistance. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A dinuclear complex [(ppy)Ir(tpy)PtCl]2+ (Ir–Pt) can exhibit strong antitumor activity towards cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and induce cell necrosis via mtDNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Ruilin Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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