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Liu Q, Huang R, Tang J, Zhang H, Liu M, Fang Y. A Nanofilm-Based Fluorescent Sensor toward Highly Efficient Detection of Ethephon. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38302113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ethephon (ETH) is widely used to promote fruit ripening and improve fruit quality. However, improper use is harmful to human health and to the environmental safety. Therefore, development of the techniques for on-site and at real-time monitoring of ETH is of importance for its safe use. In this work, we developed a nanofilm-based fluorescence film sensor (FFS) and realized highly efficient detection of ETH in vapor phase, where the detection limit (DL) is <0.2 ppb, the response time is less than 10 s, and the interference is almost free. The unusual sensing performance of the sensor was ascribed to the specific binding of the nanofilm to ETH and to its great porosity, which enables efficient adlayer mass transfer, a requirement for high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, visualization-based qualitative sensing is also realized. The nanofilm, a key component of the sensor, was prepared at the humid air/DMSO interface. The building blocks used were a specially designed fluorescent o-carborane derivative (CB-2CHO) and a cross-linker BTN possessing three acylhydrazine groups. The nanofilm as prepared is flexible, uniform, thickness tunable, and photochemically super stable. We believe our effort not only addresses the challenging issue of on-site and at real-time detection of ETH but also provides another route for developing new FFSs via sensing film innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Xi'An Rare Matel Materials Institute Co. Ltd., Xi' an 710016, P. R. China
| | - Helan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
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Li T, Zhu X, Hai X, Bi S, Zhang X. Recent Progress in Sensor Arrays: From Construction Principles of Sensing Elements to Applications. ACS Sens 2023; 8:994-1016. [PMID: 36848439 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The traditional sensors are designed based on the "lock-and-key" strategy with high selectivity and specificity for detecting specific analytes, which however are not suitable for detecting multiple analytes simultaneously. With the help of pattern recognition technologies, the sensor arrays excel in distinguishing subtle changes caused by multitarget analytes with similar structures in a complex system. To construct a sensor array, the multiple sensing elements are undoubtedly indispensable units that will selectively interact with targets to generate the unique "fingerprints" based on the distinct responses, enabling the identification among various analytes through pattern recognition methods. This comprehensive review mainly focuses on the construction strategies and principles of sensing elements, as well as the applications of sensor array for identification and detection of target analytes in a wide range of fields. Furthermore, the present challenges and further perspectives of sensor arrays are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xin Hai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Sai Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
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Liu S, Liu X, Gong Y, Hu Q, Yu L. π-Electronic Coassembled Microflake Sensors with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Enhanced Discrimination of Methanol and Ethanol. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13980-13988. [PMID: 35286806 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the field of fluorescence-based gas sensing, it is very difficult to realize the distinction of the molecules with similar chemical properties and slight structural differences (e.g., methanol and ethanol). Herein, we fabricated coassemblies of energy-donor molecule 1 (M1) and energy-acceptor molecule 2 (M2) with different molar ratios. These materials can selectively differentiate methanol and ethanol by regulating the distance of exciton migration of donor M1 by embedding energy-acceptor M2. More importantly, methanol can also be detected from the mixture vapors of methanol and ethanol. These results provide a new approach for developing fluorescence sensors that are highly sensitive to molecules with very small difference in the chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Hisense Video Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China
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Capillary-based fluorescence microsensor with polyoxometalates as nanozyme for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of artemisinin. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 189:40. [PMID: 34964917 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel capillary-based fluorescence microsensor for artemisinin was developed with functional polyoxometalates (POMs) as nanozyme by a layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy. Vanadomolybdophosphoric heteropoly acid (H5PMo10V2O40, PMoV2) and tungstophosphoric heteropoly acid (Na5PW11O39Cu, PW11Cu) with high peroxidase-like activity were synthesized and immobilized on capillary to catalyze artemisinin/thiamine reaction and generate the amplified fluorescence signal. The wide linear range up to 13.0 μM with the low limit of detection of 0.03 μM (S/N = 3) was achieved for the determination of artemisinin by using the proposed POMs-microsensor. The method has been successfully used to detect artemisinin in human plasma and antimalarial drugs with satisfactory accuracy. This work developed a novel capillary fluorescence microsensor with functional POMs as nanozyme, which can serve as a promising candidate in fluorescence microanalysis.
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Lin S, Chang X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Ding N, Xu W, Liu K, Liu Z, Fang Y. High-Performance NMHC Detection Enabled by a Perylene Bisimide-Cored Metallacycle Complex-Based Fluorescent Film Sensor. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16051-16058. [PMID: 34806871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) can serve as precursors of ozone and photochemical smog, and hence their highly efficient detection is of great importance for air quality monitoring. Here, we synthesized a new fluorescent perylene bisimide (PBI)-cored metallacycle complex through coordination-driven self-assembly and used it for the production of a fluorescent film sensor. The unique rectangular structure of the developed fluorophore endows the sensor with enhanced sensing performance and discriminability to n-alkanes (C5-10). Specifically, the experimental detection limits for n-pentane, n-hexane, and n-decane are 39, 7, and 1.4 mg/m3, respectively, and the corresponding linear ranges are from 39 to 2546, 7 to 1745, and 1.4 to 85 mg/m3, respectively. Moreover, the sensing is fully reversible. In tandem with a gas chromatographic separation system, the film sensor showed comparable detection ability for the n-alkanes with a commercial flame ionization detector (FID), while the film sensor needs no hydrogen; it occupies a much smaller size (30 × 30 × 44 mm3) and consumes less energy (0.215 W). Further studies demonstrated that the developed sensor can be used for on-site and real-time quantification of NHMCs, laying the foundation for developing into a portable detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingmao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Nannan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Zhai B, Huang R, Tang J, Li M, Yang J, Wang G, Liu K, Fang Y. Film Nanoarchitectonics of Pillar[5]arene for High-Performance Fluorescent Sensing: a Proof-of-Concept Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54561-54569. [PMID: 34726062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Substrates play crucial roles for the sensing performances of fluorescent films owing to their effect on the formation of a fluorescent adlayer. However, no such film has been developed through synthesizing a substrate with a defined structure. We herein report a kind of self-standing, uniform, and thickness tunable pillar[5]arene-based nanofilms to serve as substrates for fabricating fluorescent sensing films. In comparison with a glass plate, the pillar[5]arene-based nanofilms can ensure spatial and electronic isolation of immobilized fluorophores and circumvent aggregation-caused quenching in a film state. For conceptual proof, a formic acid fluorescent sensing film was developed through simple loading of a fluorophore, a 4-azetidine-1,8-naphthalimide derivative of cholesterol (NA-Ch), onto the prepared nanofilm. Sensing performance studies demonstrated that the fluorescent film showed a sensitive, fast, and highly selective response to formic acid in air with a detection limit of lower than 2.8 mg m-3 and a response time of less than 3 s. Moreover, the sensing is fully reversible and highly repeatable. Further studies showed that the film sensor can be used for fast determination of methanol acidity via vapor sampling. Clearly, innovation of substrates with defined structures can be taken as an effective and efficient way to develop new sensing films via combination with known fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jinglun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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Wu Y, Hua C, Liu Z, Yang J, Huang R, Li M, Liu K, Miao R, Fang Y. High-Performance Sensing of Formic Acid Vapor Enabled by a Newly Developed Nanofilm-Based Fluorescent Sensor. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7094-7101. [PMID: 33905230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although it is widely used in industry and food products, formic acid can be dangerous owing to its corrosive properties. Accurate determination of formic acid would not only benefit its qualified uses but also be an effective way to avoid corrosion or injury from inhalation, swallowing, or touching. Herein, we present a nanofilm-based fluorescent sensor for formic acid vapor detection with a wide response range, fast response speed, and high sensitivity and selectivity. The nanofilm was synthesized at a humid air/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) interface through dynamic covalent condensation between two typically designed building blocks, de-tert-butyl calix[4]arene-tetrahydrazide (CATH) and 4,4',4″,4‴-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)tetra-benzaldehyde (ETBA). The as-prepared nanofilm is uniform, flexible, fluorescent, and photochemically stable. The thickness and fluorescence intensity of the nanofilm can be facilely adjusted by varying the concentration of the building blocks and the sensing performance of the nanofilm can be optimized accordingly. Based on the nanofilm, a fluorescent sensor with a wide response range (4.4 ppt-4400 ppm) for real-time and online detection of formic acid vapor was built. With the sensor, a trace amount (0.01%) of formic acid in petroleum ether (60-90 °C) can be detected within 3 s. Besides, fluorescence quenching of the nanofilm by formic acid vapor can be visualized. It is believed that the sensor based on the nanofilm would find real-life applications in corrosion and injury prevention from formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Hua
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jinglun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Rong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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Silver Enhances Hematite Nanoparticles Based Ethanol Sensor Response and Selectivity at Room Temperature. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020440. [PMID: 33435484 PMCID: PMC7827617 DOI: 10.3390/s21020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gas sensors are fundamental for continuous online monitoring of volatile organic compounds. Gas sensors based on semiconductor materials have demonstrated to be highly competitive, but are generally made of expensive materials and operate at high temperatures, which are drawbacks of these technologies. Herein is described a novel ethanol sensor for room temperature (25 °C) measurements based on hematite (α‑Fe2O3)/silver nanoparticles. The AgNPs were shown to increase the oxide semiconductor charge carrier density, but especially to enhance the ethanol adsorption rate boosting the selectivity and sensitivity, thus allowing quantification of ethanol vapor in 2–35 mg L−1 range with an excellent linear relationship. In addition, the α-Fe2O3/Ag 3.0 wt% nanocomposite is cheap, and easy to make and process, imparting high perspectives for real applications in breath analyzers and/or sensors in food and beverage industries. This work contributes to the advance of gas sensing at ambient temperature as a competitive alternative for quantification of conventional volatile organic compounds.
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