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Li X, Fu YH, Wei N, Yu RJ, Bhatti H, Zhang L, Yan F, Xia F, Ewing AG, Long YT, Ying YL. Emerging Data Processing Methods for Single-Entity Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316551. [PMID: 38411372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Single-entity electrochemistry is a powerful tool that enables the study of electrochemical processes at interfaces and provides insights into the intrinsic chemical and structural heterogeneities of individual entities. Signal processing is a critical aspect of single-entity electrochemical measurements and can be used for data recognition, classification, and interpretation. In this review, we summarize the recent five-year advances in signal processing techniques for single-entity electrochemistry and highlight their importance in obtaining high-quality data and extracting effective features from electrochemical signals, which are generally applicable in single-entity electrochemistry. Moreover, we shed light on electrochemical noise analysis to obtain single-molecule frequency fingerprint spectra that can provide rich information about the ion networks at the interface. By incorporating advanced data analysis tools and artificial intelligence algorithms, single-entity electrochemical measurements would revolutionize the field of single-entity analysis, leading to new fundamental discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Huan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Wei
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huma Bhatti
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430034, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Alpuche‐Aviles MA. Particle Impact Electrochemistry. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021:1-30. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527610426.bard030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Experiments involving collisions between a single entity and the electrode surface have become an active area of research. The electrochemical contribution of individual nanoparticles (NPs), enzymes, and other entities, such as aggregates or agglomerates, can be determined using particle impact experiments. Destructive nanoimpact experiments of materials, such as Ag, and the electrocatalytic amplification (ECA) are used to detect the NP/electrode interactions. This review covers the seminal work, critical theoretical studies, and some recent applications. The applications to electrocatalysis include measurements of electron transfer rate constants on individual nanoparticles. Applications in analytical chemistry have allowed the detection of nonelectroactive species by detecting the collisions of soft materials, e.g. micellar suspensions and proteins have increased the technique's analytical possibilities. With ECA, NPs can be used as tags for the electrochemical detection of bioanalytes such as DNA, proteins, and liposomes. The theory of ECA collisions, including frequency of collision and the size of the electrochemical current transients, are also covered. For nanoimpacts, the charge measured during a NP electrolysis, such as Ag NP, is used to detect the NP. Measurements of NP diameter are possible, but limitations to this analysis are covered. The electron transfer studies to the electrolysis of Ag and of metal oxides are discussed. Finally, key experimental instrumentations are discussed, including instrumentation techniques for the small currents inherent to single NP measurement. The effect of filtering, instrumentations rise time, and sampling frequency are also covered.
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Subedi P, Parajuli S, Alpuche-Aviles MA. Single Entity Behavior of CdSe Quantum Dot Aggregates During Photoelectrochemical Detection. Front Chem 2021; 9:733642. [PMID: 34568283 PMCID: PMC8461012 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.733642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that colloidal quantum dots of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS are detected during the photooxidation of MeOH, under broad spectrum illumination (250 mW/cm2). The stepwise photocurrent vs. time response corresponds to single entities adsorbing to the Pt electrode surface irreversibly. The adsorption/desorption of the QDs and the nature of the single entities is discussed. In suspensions, the QDs behave differently depending on the solvent used to suspend the materials. For MeOH, CdSe is not as stable as CdSe/ZnS under constant illumination. The photocurrent expected for single QDs is discussed. The value of the observed photocurrents, > 1 pA is due to the formation of agglomerates consistent with the collision frequency and suspension stability. The observed frequency of collisions for the stepwise photocurrents is smaller than the diffusion-limited cases expected for single QDs colliding with the electrode surface. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy studies support the detection of aggregates. The results indicate that the ZnS layer on the CdSe/ZnS material facilitates the detection of single entities by increasing the stability of the nanomaterial. The rate of hole transfer from the QD aggregates to MeOH outcompetes the dissolution of the CdSe core under certain conditions of electron injection to the Pt electrode and in colloidal suspensions of CdSe/ZnS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Subedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Suman Parajuli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
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Ma H, Gosh UK, Ying Y, Long Y. Stochastic Collision Photoelectrochemistry for Light‐Induced Electron Transfer Dynamics. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Utpal Kumar Gosh
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Lun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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