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Ridder H, Dreher W, Thöming J. T 1 Relaxation of Methane in Mixtures with Gaseous Water. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:277-282. [PMID: 38910861 PMCID: PMC11191723 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic, ecofriendly fuels and chemicals can be produced through Power-To-X (PtX) processes. To study such catalytic processes operando and spatially resolved, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a versatile tool. A main issue in the application of MRI in reactive studies is a lack of knowledge about how the gathered signals can be interpreted into reaction data like temperature or species concentration. In this work, the interaction of methane and gaseous water is studied regarding their longitudinal relaxation time T 1 and the chemical shift. To this end, defined quantities of methane-water mixtures were sealed in glass tubes and probed at temperatures between 130 and 360 °C and pressures from 6 to 20 bar. From the obtained T 1 relaxation times, the collision cross section of methane with water σ j,CH4-H2O is derived, which can be used to estimate the temperature and molar concentration of methane during the methanation reaction. The obtained T 1 relaxation times can additionally be used to improve the timing of MRI sequences involving water vapor or methane. Further, details about the measurement workflow and tube preparation are shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Ridder
- Chemical
Process Engineering (CVT), Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Center
for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Postbox 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dreher
- Faculty
of Chemistry, in Vivo MR Group, University
of Bremen, Leobener Str.
7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical
Process Engineering (CVT), Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Center
for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), Postbox 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX
Center for Materials and Processes, University
of Bremen, Postbox 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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Zheng Q, Williams J, van Thiel LR, Elgersma SV, Mantle MD, Sederman AJ, Baart TA, Bezemer GL, Guédon CM, Gladden LF. Operando magnetic resonance imaging of product distributions within the pores of catalyst pellets during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Nat Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-023-00913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Zheng Q, Williams J, Mantle MD, Sederman AJ, Baart TA, Guédon CM, Gladden LF. Experimental Determination of H 2 and CO Diffusion Coefficients in a Wax Mixture Confined in a Porous Titania Catalyst Support. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10971-10982. [PMID: 33216551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to measure and predict molecular diffusion coefficients in multicomponent mixtures is not only of fundamental scientific interest but also of significant relevance in understanding how catalytic processes proceed. In the present work, the direct measurement of the molecular diffusion of H2 and CO gas-phase species diffusing in n-alkane mixtures using pulsed-field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods is reported. The work is of direct relevance to Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysis, with the measurements being made of the gas-wax system with the wax in both the bulk liquid state and when confined within a titania catalyst support, at temperatures and pressures typical of low-temperature FT synthesis. Molecular diffusion coefficients of H2 and CO within wax-saturated porous titania in the range (1.00-2.43) × 10-8 and (6.44-8.50) × 10-9 m2 s-1, respectively, were measured in the temperature range of 140-240 and 200-240 °C for H2 and CO, respectively, at a pressure of 40 bar. The wax mixture was typical of a wax produced during FT catalysis and had a molar average carbon number of 36. It is shown that the hydrogen diffusion coefficient within this wax mixture is consistent, to within experimental error, with the hydrogen diffusion coefficient measured in pure single-component n-hexatriacontane (n-C36) wax; this result held with the waxes in the bulk liquid state and when confined within the porous titania. The tortuosity of the porous titania was also measured using PFG NMR and found to be 1.77; this value is independent of temperature. The ability of existing correlations to predict these experimentally determined data was then critically evaluated. Although the Wilke-Chang correlation was found to underestimate the molecular diffusion coefficients of both H2 and CO diffusing in the wax in both the bulk state and when confined within the porous titania, parameterized correlations based on the rough hard sphere model, having accounted for the experimentally determined tortuosity factor, predicted the H2 and CO diffusion within bulk and confined wax to within 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Jack Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Mick D Mantle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Andrew J Sederman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Timothy A Baart
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Grasweg 31, Amsterdam 1031 HW, The Netherlands
| | - Constant M Guédon
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Grasweg 31, Amsterdam 1031 HW, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn F Gladden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
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