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Shah BS, Ford BA, Varkey D, Mikolajek H, Orr C, Mykhaylyk V, Owens RJ, Paulsen IT. Marine picocyanobacterial PhnD1 shows specificity for various phosphorus sources but likely represents a constitutive inorganic phosphate transporter. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023:10.1038/s41396-023-01417-w. [PMID: 37087502 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite being fundamental to multiple biological processes, phosphorus (P) availability in marine environments is often growth-limiting, with generally low surface concentrations. Picocyanobacteria strains encode a putative ABC-type phosphite/phosphate/phosphonate transporter, phnDCE, thought to provide access to an alternative phosphorus pool. This, however, is paradoxical given most picocyanobacterial strains lack known phosphite degradation or carbon-phosphate lyase pathway to utilise alternate phosphorus pools. To understand the function of the PhnDCE transport system and its ecological consequences, we characterised the PhnD1 binding proteins from four distinct marine Synechococcus isolates (CC9311, CC9605, MITS9220, and WH8102). We show the Synechococcus PhnD1 proteins selectively bind phosphorus compounds with a stronger affinity for phosphite than for phosphate or methyl phosphonate. However, based on our comprehensive ligand screening and growth experiments showing Synechococcus strains WH8102 and MITS9220 cannot utilise phosphite or methylphosphonate as a sole phosphorus source, we hypothesise that the picocyanobacterial PhnDCE transporter is a constitutively expressed, medium-affinity phosphate transporter, and the measured affinity of PhnD1 to phosphite or methyl phosphonate is fortuitous. Our MITS9220_PhnD1 structure explains the comparatively lower affinity of picocyanobacterial PhnD1 for phosphate, resulting from a more limited H-bond network. We propose two possible physiological roles for PhnD1. First, it could function in phospholipid recycling, working together with the predicted phospholipase, TesA, and alkaline phosphatase. Second, by having multiple transporters for P (PhnDCE and Pst), picocyanobacteria could balance the need for rapid transport during transient episodes of higher P availability in the environment, with the need for efficient P utilisation in typical phosphate-deplete conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika S Shah
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Benjamin A Ford
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deepa Varkey
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Halina Mikolajek
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Christian Orr
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Vitaliy Mykhaylyk
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Structural Biology, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Ian T Paulsen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Pasha SS, Banerjee A, Sreedharan S, Singh S, Kandoth N, Vallis KA, Pal SK, Pramanik SK, Das A. Ultrasensitive Reagent for Ratiometric Detection and Detoxification of iAsIII in Water and Mitochondria. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13115-13124. [PMID: 35950896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity induced by inorganic arsenic as AsO33- (iAsIII) is of global concern. Reliable detection of the maximum allowed contaminant level for arsenic in drinking water and in the cellular system remains a challenge for the water quality management and assessment of toxicity in the cellular milieu, respectively. A new Ir(III)-based phosphorescent molecule (AS-1; λExt = 415 nm and λEms = 600 nm, Φ = 0.3) is synthesized for the selective detection of iAsIII in an aqueous solution with a ratiometric luminescence response even in the presence of iAsV and all other common inorganic cations and anions. The relatively higher affinity of the thioimidazole ligand (HPBT) toward iAsIII led to the formation of a fluorescent molecule iAsV-HPBT (λExt = 415 nm and λEms = 466 nm, Φ = 0.28) for the reaction of iAsIII and AS-1. An improved limit of quantitation (LOQ) down to 0.2 ppb is achieved when AS-1 is used in the CTAB micellar system. Presumably, the cationic surfactants favor the localization of AS-1@CTABMicelle in mitochondria of MCF7 cells, and this is confirmed from the images of the confocal laser fluorescence scanning microscopic studies. Importantly, cell viability assay studies confirm that AS-1@CTABMicelle induces dose-dependent detoxification of iAsIII in live cells. Further, luminescence responses at 466 nm could be utilized for developing a hand-held device for the in-field application. Such a reagent that allows for ratiometric detection of iAsIII with LOQ of 2.6 nM (0.5 ppb) in water, as well as helps in visualizing its distribution in mitochondria with a detoxifying effect, is rather unique in contemporary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Saleem Pasha
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Technical Research Centre, Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
| | - Sreejesh Sreedharan
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby DE221GB, U.K
| | - Soumendra Singh
- Technical Research Centre, Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
| | - Noufal Kandoth
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Technical Research Centre, Department of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700106, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Abstract
Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) signal transduction systems provide bacteria with the ability to sense changing cell status or environmental conditions and then execute suitable physiological and social behaviors in response. In this review, we provide a comprehensive census of the stimuli and receptors that are linked to the modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP. Emerging evidence indicates that c-di-GMP networks sense light, surfaces, energy, redox potential, respiratory electron acceptors, temperature, and structurally diverse biotic and abiotic chemicals. Bioinformatic analysis of sensory domains in diguanylate cyclases and c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterases as well as the receptor complexes associated with them reveals that these functions are linked to a diverse repertoire of protein domain families. We describe the principles of stimulus perception learned from studying these modular sensory devices, illustrate how they are assembled in varied combinations with output domains, and summarize a system for classifying these sensor proteins based on their complexity. Biological information processing via c-di-GMP signal transduction not only is fundamental to bacterial survival in dynamic environments but also is being used to engineer gene expression circuitry and synthetic proteins with à la carte biochemical functionalities.
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