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Nii M, Yamaguchi K, Tojo T, Narushima N, Aoki S. Induction of Paraptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells by Triptycene-Peptide Hybrids and the Revised Mechanism of Paraptosis II. Biochemistry 2024; 63:2111-2130. [PMID: 39140188 PMCID: PMC11375786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
In previous work, we reported on iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complex-peptide hybrids as amphiphilic conjugates (IPH-ACs) and triptycene-peptide hybrids as amphiphilic conjugates (TPH-ACs) and found that these hybrid compounds containing three cationic KK(K)GG peptide units through C6-C8 alkyl linkers induce paraptosis II, which is one of the nonapoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) types in Jurkat cells and different from previously reported paraptosis. The details of that study revealed that the paraptosis II induced by IPH-ACs (and TPH-ACs) proceeds via a membrane fusion or tethering of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and Ca2+ transfer from the ER to mitochondria, which results in a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in Jurkat cells. However, the detailed mechanistic studies of paraptosis II have been conducted only in Jurkat cells. In the present work, we decided to conduct mechanistic studies of paraptosis II in HeLa-S3 and A549 cells as well as in Jurkat cells to study the general mechanism of paraptosis II. Simultaneously, we designed and synthesized new TPH-ACs functionalized with peptides that contain cyclohexylalanine, which had been reported to enhance the localization of peptides to mitochondria. We found that TPH-ACs containing cyclohexylalanine promote paraptosis II processes in Jurkat, HeLa-S3 and A549 cells. The results of the experiments using fluorescence Ca2+ probes in mitochondria and cytosol, fluorescence staining agents of mitochondria and the ER, and inhibitors of paraptosis II suggest that TPH-ACs induce Ca2+ increase in mitochondria and the membrane fusion between the ER and mitochondria almost simultaneously, suggesting that our previous hypothesis on the mechanism of paraptosis II should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuka Nii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tojo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Nozomi Narushima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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2
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Abdolmaleki S, Aliabadi A, Khaksar S. Unveiling the promising anticancer effect of copper-based compounds: a comprehensive review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:213. [PMID: 38662225 PMCID: PMC11045632 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Copper is a necessary micronutrient for maintaining the well-being of the human body. The biological activity of organic ligands, especially their anticancer activity, is often enhanced when they coordinate with copper(I) and (II) ions. Copper and its compounds are capable of inducing tumor cell death through various mechanisms of action, including activation of apoptosis signaling pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibition of angiogenesis, induction of cuproptosis, and paraptosis. Some of the copper complexes are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for their ability to map tumor hypoxia in various cancers, including locally advanced rectal cancer and bulky tumors. Several studies have shown that copper nanoparticles can be used as effective agents in chemodynamic therapy, phototherapy, hyperthermia, and immunotherapy. Despite the promising anticancer activity of copper-based compounds, their use in clinical trials is subject to certain limitations. Elevated copper concentrations may promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis by affecting cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdolmaleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Alireza Aliabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samad Khaksar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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3
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Chen F, Tang H, Cai X, Lin J, Xiang L, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. Targeting paraptosis in cancer: opportunities and challenges. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:349-363. [PMID: 38177306 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cell death can be classified into two primary categories: accidental cell death and regulated cell death (RCD). Within RCD, there are distinct apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death pathways. Among the various forms of non-apoptotic RCD, paraptosis stands out as a unique mechanism characterized by distinct morphological changes within cells. These alterations encompass cytoplasmic vacuolization, organelle swelling, notably in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and the absence of typical apoptotic features, such as cell shrinkage and DNA fragmentation. Biochemically, paraptosis distinguishes itself by its independence from caspases, which are conventionally associated with apoptotic death. This intriguing cell death pathway can be initiated by various cellular stressors, including oxidative stress, protein misfolding, and specific chemical compounds. Dysregulated paraptosis plays a pivotal role in several critical cancer-related processes, such as autophagic degradation, drug resistance, and angiogenesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of paraptosis. Additionally, it delves into the potential of paraptosis-related compounds for targeted cancer treatment, with the aim of enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing harm to healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Hu Tang
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Xiutao Cai
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Limin Xiang
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, China.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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4
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Shehwar D, Barki S, Aliotta A, Veuthey L, Bertaggia Calderara D, Alberio L, Alam MR. Inhibition of mitochondrial calcium transporters alters adp-induced platelet responses. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:177. [PMID: 38252254 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ADP-stimulated elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is an important effector mechanism for platelet activation. The rapidly elevating cytosolic Ca2+ is also transported to mitochondrial matrix via Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) and extruded via Na+/Ca2+/Li+ Exchanger (NCLX). However, the exact contribution of MCU and NCLX in ADP-mediated platelet responses remains incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study aimed to elucidate the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in ADP-stimulated platelet responses by inhibition of MCU and NCLX with mitoxantrone (MTX) and CGP37157 (CGP), respectively. As these inhibitory strategies are reported to cause distinct effects on matrix Ca2+ concentration, we hypothesized to observe opposite impact of MTX and CGP on ADP-induced platelet responses. Platelet aggregation profiling was performed by microplate-based spectrophotometery while p-selectin externalization and integrin αIIbβ3 activation were analyzed by fluorescent immunolabeling using flow cytometery. Our results confirmed the expression of both MCU and NCLX mRNAs with relatively low abundance of NCLX in human platelets. In line with our hypothesis, MTX caused a dose-dependent inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation without displaying any cytotoxicity. Likewise, ADP-induced p-selectin externalization and integrin αIIbβ3 activation was also significantly attenuated in MTX-treated platelets. Concordantly, inhibition of NCLX with CGP yielded an accelerated ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation which was associated with an elevation of p-selectin surface expression and αIIbβ3 activation. CONCLUSION Together, these findings uncover a vital and hitherto poorly characterized role of mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters in ADP-induced platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durre Shehwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saima Barki
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Alessandro Aliotta
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Veuthey
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Debora Bertaggia Calderara
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Hemostasis and Platelet Research Laboratory, Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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5
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Das B, Gupta S, Mondal A, Kalita KJ, Mallick AI, Gupta P. Tuning the Organelle-Specific Imaging and Photodynamic Therapeutic Efficacy of Theranostic Mono- and Trinuclear Organometallic Iridium(III) Complexes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15550-15563. [PMID: 37950696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The organelle-specific localization of mononuclear and trinuclear iridium(III) complexes and their photodynamic behavior within the cells are described herein, emphasizing their structure-activity relationship. Both the IrA2 and IrB2 complexes possess a pair of phenyl-benzothiazole derived from the -CHO moieties of mononuclear organometallic iridium(III) complexes IrA1 and IrB1, which chelates IrCp*Cl (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene) to afford trinuclear complexes IrA3 and IrB3. Insights into the photophysical and electrochemical parameters of the complexes were obtained by a time-dependent density functional theory study. The synthesized complexes IrA2, IrA3, IrB2, and IrB3 were found to be nontoxic to human MCF7 breast carcinoma cells. However, the photoexcitation of complexes using LED light could effectively trigger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to cell death. Furthermore, to check the organelle-specific localization of IrA2 and IrB2, we observed that both complexes could selectively localize in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, trinuclear IrA3 and IrB3 accumulate in the nuclei. The photoexcitation of complexes using LED light could effectively trigger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Anushka Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
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6
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Balachandran C, Hirose M, Tanaka T, Zhu JJ, Yokoi K, Hisamatsu Y, Yamada Y, Aoki S. Design and Synthesis of Poly(2,2'-Bipyridyl) Ligands for Induction of Cell Death in Cancer Cells: Control of Anticancer Activity by Complexation/Decomplexation with Biorelevant Metal Cations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14615-14631. [PMID: 37642721 PMCID: PMC10498496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chelation therapy is a medical procedure for removing toxic metals from human organs and tissues and for the treatment of diseases by using metal-chelating agents. For example, iron chelation therapy is designed not only for the treatment of metal poisoning but also for some diseases that are induced by iron overload, cancer chemotherapy, and related diseases. However, the use of such metal chelators needs to be generally carried out very carefully, because of the side effects possibly due to the non-specific complexation with intracellular metal cations. Herein, we report on the preparation and characterization of some new poly(bpy) ligands (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridyl) that contain one-three bpy ligand moieties and their anticancer activity against Jurkat, MOLT-4, U937, HeLa S3, and A549 cell lines. The results of MTT assays revealed that the tris(bpy) and bis(bpy) ligands exhibit potent activity for inducing the cell death in cancer cells. Mechanistic studies suggest that the main pathway responsible for the cell death by these poly(bpy) ligands is apoptotic cell death. It was also found that the anticancer activity of the poly(bpy) ligands could be controlled by the complexation (anticancer activity is turned OFF) and decomplexation (anticancer activity is turned ON) with biorelevant metal cations. In this paper, these results will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirose
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Jie Zhu
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya
City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Research
Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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7
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Kanbe A, Yokoi K, Yamada Y, Tsurui M, Kitagawa Y, Hasegawa Y, Ogata D, Yuasa J, Aoki S. Optical Resolution of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Homoleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes via Diastereomers Formed with Chiral Auxiliaries. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11325-11341. [PMID: 37432912 PMCID: PMC10369494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on a facile method for the optical resolution of cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes via diastereomers formed with chiral auxiliaries. The racemic carboxylic acids of Ir(III) complexes (fac-4 (fac-Ir(ppyCO2H)3 (ppy: 2-phenylpyridine)), fac-6 (fac-Ir(tpyCO2H)3 (tpy: 2-(4'-tolyl)pyridine)), and fac-13 (fac-Ir(mpiqCO2H)3 (mpiq: 1-(4'-methylphenyl)isoquinoline))) were converted into the diastereomers, Δ- and Λ-forms of fac-9 (from fac-6), fac-10 (from fac-4), fac-11 (from fac-6), and fac-14 (from fac-13), respectively, by the condensation with (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane or (1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexanol. The resulting diastereomers were separated by HPLC (with a nonchiral column) or silica gel column chromatography, and their absolute stereochemistry was determined by X-ray single-crystal structure analysis and CD (circular dichroism) spectra. Spectra of all diastereomers of the Ir(III) complexes are reported. Hydrolysis of the ester moieties of Δ- and Λ-forms of fac-10, fac-11, and fac-14 gave both enantiomers of the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives in the optically pure forms, Δ-fac and Λ-fac-4, -6, and -13, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kanbe
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Research
Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST,
PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsurui
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Faculty of
Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Faculty of
Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Daiji Ogata
- Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Biomedical Science (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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8
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Mitchell RJ, Gowda AS, Olivelli AG, Huckaba AJ, Parkin S, Unrine JM, Oza V, Blackburn JS, Ladipo F, Heidary DK, Glazer EC. Triarylphosphine-Coordinated Bipyridyl Ru(II) Complexes Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:10940-10954. [PMID: 37405779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
While cancer cells rely heavily upon glycolysis to meet their energetic needs, reducing the importance of mitochondrial oxidative respiration processes, more recent studies have shown that their mitochondria still play an active role in the bioenergetics of metastases. This feature, in combination with the regulatory role of mitochondria in cell death, has made this organelle an attractive anticancer target. Here, we report the synthesis and biological characterization of triarylphosphine-containing bipyridyl ruthenium (Ru(II)) compounds and found distinct differences as a function of the substituents on the bipyridine and phosphine ligands. 4,4'-Dimethylbipyridyl-substituted compound 3 exhibited especially high depolarizing capabilities, and this depolarization was selective for the mitochondrial membrane and occurred within minutes of treatment in cancer cells. The Ru(II) complex 3 exhibited an 8-fold increase in depolarized mitochondrial membranes, as determined by flow cytometry, which compares favorably to the 2-fold increase observed by carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a proton ionophore that shuttles protons across membranes, depositing them into the mitochondrial matrix. Fluorination of the triphenylphosphine ligand provided a scaffold that maintained potency against a range of cancer cells but avoided inducing toxicity in zebrafish embryos at higher concentrations, displaying the potential of these Ru(II) compounds for anticancer applications. This study provides essential information regarding the role of ancillary ligands for the anticancer activity of Ru(II) coordination compounds that induce mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Anitha S Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Alexander G Olivelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Aron J Huckaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 1100 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Viral Oza
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Folami Ladipo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - David K Heidary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Edith C Glazer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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9
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Hanson S, Dharan A, P. V. J, Pal S, Nair BG, Kar R, Mishra N. Paraptosis: a unique cell death mode for targeting cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159409. [PMID: 37397502 PMCID: PMC10308048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is the universal process that maintains cellular homeostasis and regulates all living systems' development, health and disease. Out of all, apoptosis is one of the major PCDs that was found to play a crucial role in many disease conditions, including cancer. The cancer cells acquire the ability to escape apoptotic cell death, thereby increasing their resistance towards current therapies. This issue has led to the need to search for alternate forms of programmed cell death mechanisms. Paraptosis is an alternative cell death pathway characterized by vacuolation and damage to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Many natural compounds and metallic complexes have been reported to induce paraptosis in cancer cell lines. Since the morphological and biochemical features of paraptosis are much different from apoptosis and other alternate PCDs, it is crucial to understand the different modulators governing it. In this review, we have highlighted the factors that trigger paraptosis and the role of specific modulators in mediating this alternative cell death pathway. Recent findings include the role of paraptosis in inducing anti-tumour T-cell immunity and other immunogenic responses against cancer. A significant role played by paraptosis in cancer has also scaled its importance in knowing its mechanism. The study of paraptosis in xenograft mice, zebrafish model, 3D cultures, and novel paraptosis-based prognostic model for low-grade glioma patients have led to the broad aspect and its potential involvement in the field of cancer therapy. The co-occurrence of different modes of cell death with photodynamic therapy and other combinatorial treatments in the tumour microenvironment are also summarized here. Finally, the growth, challenges, and future perspectives of paraptosis research in cancer are discussed in this review. Understanding this unique PCD pathway would help to develop potential therapy and combat chemo-resistance in various cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweata Hanson
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Aiswarya Dharan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Jinsha P. V.
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Sanjay Pal
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Bipin G. Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Rekha Kar
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nandita Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
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10
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Aoki S, Yokoi K, Hisamatsu Y, Balachandran C, Tamura Y, Tanaka T. Post-complexation Functionalization of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes and Applications to Biomedical and Material Sciences. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:36. [PMID: 35948812 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes exhibit excellent photophysical properties that include large Stokes shift, high emission quantum yields, and microsecond-order emission lifetimes, due to low-lying metal-to-ligand charge transfer (spin-forbidden singlet-triplet (3MLCT) transition). As a result, analogs have been applied for research not only in the material sciences, such as the development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but also for photocatalysts, bioimaging probes, and anticancer reagents. Although a variety of methods for the synthesis and the applications of functionalized cyclometalated iridium complexes have been reported, functional groups are generally introduced to the ligands prior to the complexation with Ir salts. Therefore, it is difficult to introduce thermally unstable functional groups such as peptides and sugars due to the harsh reaction conditions such as the high temperatures used in the complexation with Ir salts. In this review, the functionalization of Ir complexes after the formation of cyclometalated Ir complexes and their biological and material applications are described. These methods are referred to as "post-complexation functionalization (PCF)." In this review, applications of PCF to the design and synthesis of Ir(III) complexes that exhibit blue -red and white color emissions, luminescence pH probes, luminescent probes of cancer cells, compounds that induce cell death in cancer cells, and luminescent complexes that have long emission lifetimes are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamaguchi K, Yokoi K, Umezawa M, Tsuchiya K, Yamada Y, Aoki S. Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Activity of Triptycene-Peptide Hybrids that Induce Paraptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:691-717. [PMID: 35404581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and synthesis of triptycene-peptide hybrids (TPHs), 5, syn-6, and anti-6, which are conjugates of a triptycene core unit with two or three cationic KKKGG peptides (K: lysine and G: glycine) through a C8 alkyl chain. It was discovered that syn-6 and anti-6 induce paraptosis, a type of programmed cell death (PCD), in Jurkat cells (leukemia T-lymphocytes). Mechanistic studies indicate that these TPHs induce the transfer of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria, a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), tethering of the ER and mitochondria, and cytoplasmic vacuolization in the paraptosis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuchiya
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Research Center of Material Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan.,Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Science (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
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