1
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Tanifuji Y, Suzuki H, Tong G, Hiruta Y, Citterio D. Basic evaluation of the CRISPR/Cas system stability for application to paper-based analytical devices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 38864392 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00848k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the promising features of the CRISPR/Cas system for application to point-of-care nucleic acid tests, there are only a few reports on its integration into paper-based analytical devices (PADs) for the purpose of assay simplification. In most cases, paper platforms have only been used for the final signal readout in an assay otherwise performed in a test tube. Therefore, there is very limited information on the suitability of the CRISPR/Cas system for on-device reagent storage. To fill this gap, the current work primarily investigated the influence of various factors, including the type of paper, reagent drying method, effect of stabilizers, and storage condition on the storage stability of reagents necessary for CRISPR-based assays on paper substrates, by comparing the fluorescence signal emitted by the trans-cleavage of the dsDNA-activated Cas12a complex. The results obtained in the form of fluorescence signals emitted after trans-cleavage of a ssDNA probe through a dsDNA-activated Cas12a complex on paper substrates showed that CRISPR-related reagents spontaneously dried at room temperature on BSA blocked paper retained over 70% of their initial activity when stored at -20 °C for 28 days, independent of the type of paper substrates, which was improved by the addition of sucrose as a stabilizer. In addition, reagents dried on paper substrates under the optimized conditions exhibited stronger heat tolerance at temperatures above 65 °C compared to their corresponding solutions. This work is expected to contribute to the future development of fully integrated PADs relying on CRISPR/Cas systems for point-of-care applications requiring no additional reagent handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Tanifuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Guodong Tong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
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2
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Giannachi C, Allen E, Egan G, Vucen S, Crean A. Colyophilized Sugar-Polymer Dispersions for Enhanced Processing and Storage Stability. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3017-3026. [PMID: 38758116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose and trehalose pharmaceutical excipients are employed to stabilize protein therapeutics in a dried state. The mechanism of therapeutic protein stabilization is dependent on the sugars being present in an amorphous solid-state. Colyophilization of sugars with high glass transition polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poly(vinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate) (PVPVA), enhances amorphous sugar stability. This study investigates the stability of colyophilized sugar-polymer systems in the frozen solution state, dried state postlyophilization, and upon exposure to elevated humidity. Binary systems of sucrose or trehalose with PVP or PVPVA were lyophilized with sugar/polymer ratios ranging from 2:8 to 8:2. Frozen sugar-PVPVA solutions exhibited a higher glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated amorphous phase (Tg') compared to sugar-PVP solutions, despite the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVPVA being lower than PVP. Tg values of all colyophilized systems were in a similar temperature range irrespective of polymer type. Greater hydrogen bonding between sugars and PVP and the lower hygroscopicity of PVPVA influenced polymer antiplasticization effects and the plasticization effects of residual water. Plasticization due to water sorption was investigated in a dynamic vapor sorption humidity ramping experiment. Lyophilized sucrose systems exhibited increased amorphous stability compared to trehalose upon exposure to the humidity. Recrystallization of trehalose was observed and stabilized by polymer addition. Lower concentrations of PVP inhibited trehalose recrystallization compared to PVPVA. These stabilizing effects were attributed to the increased hydrogen bonding between trehalose and PVP compared to trehalose and PVPVA. Overall, the study demonstrated how differences in polymer hygroscopicity and hydrogen bonding with sugars influence the stability of colyophilized amorphous dispersions. These insights into excipient solid-state stability are relevant to the development of stabilized biopharmaceutical solid-state formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannachi
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Evin Allen
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Egan
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Sonja Vucen
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Abina Crean
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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3
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Todokoro Y, Miyasaka Y, Yagi H, Kainosho M, Fujiwara T, Akutsu H. Structural analysis of ATP bound to the F 1-ATPase β-subunit monomer by solid-state NMR- insight into the hydrolysis mechanism in F 1. Biophys Chem 2024; 309:107232. [PMID: 38593533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ATP-hydrolysis-associated conformational change of the β-subunit during the rotation of F1-ATPase (F1) has been discussed using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Since it is worthwhile to further investigate the conformation of ATP at the catalytic subunit through an alternative approach, the structure of ATP bound to the F1β-subunit monomer (β) was analyzed by solid-state NMR. The adenosine conformation of ATP-β was similar to that of ATP analog in F1 crystal structures. 31P chemical shift analysis showed that the Pα and Pβ conformations of ATP-β are gauche-trans and trans-trans, respectively. The triphosphate chain is more extended in ATP-β than in ATP analog in F1 crystals. This appears to be in the state just before ATP hydrolysis. Furthermore, the ATP-β conformation is known to be more closed than the closed form in F1 crystal structures. In view of the cryo-EM results, ATP-β would be a model of the most closed β-subunit with ATP ready for hydrolysis in the hydrolysis stroke of the F1 rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Todokoro
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Technical Support Division, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Miyasaka
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yagi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masatsune Kainosho
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Fujiwara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Akutsu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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4
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Brom JA, Petrikis RG, Nieukirk GE, Bourque J, Pielak GJ. Protecting Lyophilized Escherichia coli Adenylate Kinase. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 38805365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Drying protein-based drugs, usually via lyophilization, can facilitate storage at ambient temperature and improve accessibility but many proteins cannot withstand drying and must be formulated with protective additives called excipients. However, mechanisms of protection are poorly understood, precluding rational formulation design. To better understand dry proteins and their protection, we examine Escherichia coli adenylate kinase (AdK) lyophilized alone and with the additives trehalose, maltose, bovine serum albumin, cytosolic abundant heat soluble protein D, histidine, and arginine. We apply liquid-observed vapor exchange NMR to interrogate the residue-level structure in the presence and absence of additives. We pair these observations with differential scanning calorimetry data of lyophilized samples and AdK activity assays with and without heating. We show that the amino acids do not preserve the native structure as well as sugars or proteins and that after heating the most stable additives protect activity best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Brom
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ruta G Petrikis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Grace E Nieukirk
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Joshua Bourque
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gary J Pielak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), 3250 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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5
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So Rensen HV, Krcic N, George I, Kocherbitov V. A Structural Study on Absorption of Lysozyme in Amorphous Starch Microspheres. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 38739906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The potential of using proteins as drugs is held back by their low stability in the human body and challenge of delivering them to the site of function. Extensive research is focused on drug delivery systems that can protect, carry, and release proteins in a controlled manner. Of high potential are cross-linked degradable starch microspheres (DSMs), as production of these is low-cost and environmentally friendly, and the products are degradable by the human body. Here, we demonstrate that DSMs can absorb the model protein lysozyme from an aqueous solution. At low amounts of lysozyme, its concentration in starch microspheres strongly exceeds the bulk concentration in water. However, at higher protein contents, the difference between concentrations in the two phases becomes small. This indicates that, at lower lysozyme contents, the absorption is driven by protein-starch interactions, which are counteracted by protein-protein electrostatic repulsion at high concentrations. By applying small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to the DSM-lysozyme system, we show that lysozyme molecules are largely unaltered by the absorption in DSM. In the same process, the starch network is slightly perturbed, as demonstrated by a decrease in the characteristic chain to chain distance. The SAXS data modeling suggests an uneven distribution of the protein within the DSM particles, which can be dependent on the internal DSM structure and on the physical interactions between the components. The results presented here show that lysozyme can be incorporated into degradable starch microspheres without any dependence on electrostatic or specific interactions, suggesting that similar absorption would be possible for pharmaceutical proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Vinther So Rensen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö 20506, Sweden
- Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 20506, Sweden
| | - Nedim Krcic
- Magle Chemoswed AB, Agneslundsvägen 27, Malmö 21215, Sweden
| | - Ian George
- Magle Chemoswed AB, Agneslundsvägen 27, Malmö 21215, Sweden
| | - Vitaly Kocherbitov
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö 20506, Sweden
- Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö 20506, Sweden
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6
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Pouliquen DL. The biophysics of water in cell biology: perspectives on a keystone for both marine sciences and cancer research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1403037. [PMID: 38803391 PMCID: PMC11128620 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1403037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The biophysics of water, has been debated over more than a century. Although its importance is still underestimated, significant breakthroughs occurred in recent years. The influence of protein condensation on water availability control was documented, new findings on water-transport proteins emerged, and the way water molecules rearrange to minimize free energy at interfaces was deciphered, influencing membrane thermodynamics. The state of knowledge continued to progress in the field of deep-sea marine biology, highlighting unknown effects of high hydrostatic pressure and/or temperature on interactions between proteins and ligands in extreme environments, and membrane structure adaptations. The role of osmolytes in protein stability control under stress is also discussed here in relation to fish egg hydration/buoyancy. The complexity of water movements within the cell is updated, all these findings leading to a better view of their impact on many cellular processes. The way water flow and osmotic gradients generated by ion transport work together to produce the driving force behind cell migration is also relevant to both marine biology and cancer research. Additional common points concern water dynamic changes during the neoplastic transformation of cells and tissues, or embryo development. This could improve imaging techniques, early cancer diagnosis, and understanding of the molecular and physiological basis of buoyancy for many marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Pouliquen
- Inserm, CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes Université, University of Angers, Angers, France
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7
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Olgenblum GI, Hutcheson BO, Pielak GJ, Harries D. Protecting Proteins from Desiccation Stress Using Molecular Glasses and Gels. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5668-5694. [PMID: 38635951 PMCID: PMC11082905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Faced with desiccation stress, many organisms deploy strategies to maintain the integrity of their cellular components. Amorphous glassy media composed of small molecular solutes or protein gels present general strategies for protecting against drying. We review these strategies and the proposed molecular mechanisms to explain protein protection in a vitreous matrix under conditions of low hydration. We also describe efforts to exploit similar strategies in technological applications for protecting proteins in dry or highly desiccated states. Finally, we outline open questions and possibilities for future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil I. Olgenblum
- Institute
of Chemistry, Fritz Haber Research Center, and The Harvey M. Krueger
Family Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Brent O. Hutcheson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gary J. Pielak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Integrated
Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, Lineberger Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Daniel Harries
- Institute
of Chemistry, Fritz Haber Research Center, and The Harvey M. Krueger
Family Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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8
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Banda-Vázquez JA, Mauz A, Werner JPF, Costa RD. VARPA: In Silico Additive Screening for Protein-Based Lighting Devices. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301038. [PMID: 38191802 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Protein optoelectronics is an emerging field facing implementation and stabilization challenges of proteins in harsh non-natural environments, such as dry polymers, inorganic materials, etc., operating at high temperatures/irradiations. In this context, additives promoting structural and functional protein stabilization are paramount to realize highly performing devices. On one hand, trial-error experimental assays based on previous knowledge of classical additives in aqueous solutions are effort/time-consuming, while their translation to water-less matrices is uncertain. On the other hand, computational simulations (molecular dynamics, electronic structure methods, etc.) are limited by the system size and time. Herein, ligand-binding affinity and atomic perturbations to create a day-fast computational method combining Vina And Rosetta for Protein Additives (VARPA) to simulate the stabilization effect of sugars for the archetypal enhanced green fluorescent protein embedded in a standard dry polymer color-converting filter for bio-hybrid light-emitting diodes is merged. The VARPA's sugar additive prediction trend for protein stabilization is nicely validated by thermal and photophysical studies as well as lighting device analysis. The device stability followed the predicted enhanced stability trend, reaching a 40-fold improvement compared to reference devices. Overall, VARPA can be adapted to a myriad of additives and proteins, driving first-step experimental efforts toward highly performing protein devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Agustín Banda-Vázquez
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Alexander Mauz
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Fuenzalida Werner
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
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9
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Negi KS, Das N, Khan T, Sen P. Osmolyte induced protein stabilization: modulation of associated water dynamics might be a key factor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32602-32612. [PMID: 38009208 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03357k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of protein stabilization by osmolytes remains one of the most important and long-standing puzzles. The traditional explanation of osmolyte-induced stability through the preferential exclusion of osmolytes from the protein surface has been seriously challenged by the observations like the concentration-dependent reversal of osmolyte-induced stabilization/destabilization. The more modern explanation of protein stabilization/destabilization by osmolytes considers an indirect effect due to osmolyte-induced distortion of the water structure. It provides a general mechanism, but there are numerous examples of protein-specific effects, i.e., a particular osmolyte might stabilize one protein, but destabilize the other, that could not be rationalized through such an explanation. Herein, we hypothesized that osmolyte-induced modulation of associated water might be a critical factor in controlling protein stability in such a medium. Taking different osmolytes and papain as a protein, we proved that our proposal could explain protein stability in osmolyte media. Stabilizing osmolytes rigidify associated water structures around the protein, whereas destabilizing osmolytes make them flexible. The strong correlation between the stability and the associated water dynamics, and the fact that such dynamics are very much protein specific, established the importance of considering the modulation of associated water structures in explaining the osmolyte-induced stabilization/destabilization of proteins. More interestingly, we took another protein, bromelain, for which a traditionally stabilizing osmolyte, sucrose, acts as a stabilizer at higher concentrations but as a destabilizer at lower concentrations. Our proposal successfully explains such observations, which is probably impossible by any known mechanisms. We believe this report will trigger much research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh Negi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Nilimesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Tanmoy Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Pratik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Irshad B, Lu C, Nederstigt AE, Hu P, Xue L, Lin-Cereghino J, Franz AH, Harrison JS, Lin-Cereghino GP. The effect of the bgs13 mutation on the structure of the reporter protein beta-lactoglobulin: Influence on folding and aggregation in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 212:106355. [PMID: 37598731 PMCID: PMC10528908 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast used for recombinant protein expression, has the capability of performing many eukaryotic post-translational modifications, growing to high cell densities, and producing proteins in a cost-effective manner. However, P. pastoris's secretion properties are not always efficient, and its secretory pathway mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated. A previously identified mutant strain, bgs13, was found to efficiently secrete most recombinant proteins tested, raising the possibility that this bgs13 mutant is a universal super secreter. In this study, we used a reporter protein, β-lactoglobulin (b-LG), to perform structural analysis of the protein secreted from wild type and mutant bgs13 strains to investigate the secretory mechanism. Primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of b-LG were examined using Edman sequencing, circular dichroism, tryptophan fluorescence, and temperature induced aggregation analysis. Our results demonstrate that the bgs13 produced more b-LG than the wt strain and that this protein was functionally folded similar to the wt. Surprisingly, we also found that the bgs13 b-LG was more resistant to aggregation, providing another example of the superior qualities of this strain for enhanced secreted protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Irshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Cai Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Anneroos E Nederstigt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Priscilla Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Joan Lin-Cereghino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Andreas H Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Joseph S Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA.
| | - Geoff P Lin-Cereghino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA.
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11
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Brom JA, Samsri S, Petrikis RG, Parnham S, Pielak GJ. 1H, 13C, 15N backbone resonance assignment of Escherichia coli adenylate kinase. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2023; 17:235-238. [PMID: 37632688 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-023-10147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Adenylate kinase reversibly catalyzes the conversion of ATP plus AMP to two ADPs. This essential catalyst is present in every cell, and the Escherichia coli protein is often employed as a model enzyme. Our aim is to use the E. coli enzyme to understand dry protein structure and protection. Here, we report the expression, purification, steady-state assay, NMR conditions and 1H, 13C, 15N backbone resonance NMR assignments of its C77S variant. These data will also help others utilize this prototypical enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Brom
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Sasiprapa Samsri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruta G Petrikis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Stuart Parnham
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gary J Pielak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7100, USA.
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12
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Kida H, Yamasaki Y, Feril Jr. LB, Endo H, Itaka K, Tachibana K. Efficient mRNA Delivery with Lyophilized Human Serum Albumin-Based Nanobubbles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1283. [PMID: 37049376 PMCID: PMC10097217 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an efficient mRNA delivery vehicle by optimizing a lyophilization method for preserving human serum albumin-based nanobubbles (HSA-NBs), bypassing the need for artificial stabilizers. The morphology of the lyophilized material was verified using scanning electron microscopy, and the concentration, size, and mass of regenerated HSA-NBs were verified using flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and resonance mass measurements, and compared to those before lyophilization. The study also evaluated the response of HSA-NBs to 1 MHz ultrasound irradiation and their ultrasound (US) contrast effect. The functionality of the regenerated HSA-NBs was confirmed by an increased expression of intracellularly transferred Gluc mRNA, with increasing intensity of US irradiation. The results indicated that HSA-NBs retained their structural and functional integrity markedly, post-lyophilization. These findings support the potential of lyophilized HSA-NBs, as efficient imaging, and drug delivery systems for various medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Loreto B. Feril Jr.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hitomi Endo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keiji Itaka
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Katsuro Tachibana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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