1
|
Chen X, Fan Q, Li K, Li W, Wang L, Li W, Hong W. Amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles for nitric oxide synergistic photodynamic eradication of MRSA biofilms. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:964-977. [PMID: 38168803 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01510f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms pose significant threats to public health by causing persistent clinical infections. The development of innovative antibacterial approaches for eliminating biofilms is an urgent necessity. In this study, we developed amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles (JNPs), loaded with hydrophobic chlorin e6 (Ce6) and hydrophilic S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), denoted as Ce6-PDA/CaP-GSNO, with the aim to effectively eradicate biofilms and combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections through nitric oxide (NO) synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT). Ce6-PDA/CaP-GSNO demonstrated remarkable biofilm penetration ability, efficiently reaching the acidic inner layers, which triggered the rapid release of GSNO, resulting in the generation of an abundant supply of NO. NO not only exhibited potent bactericidal activity but also effectively lowered the GSH level of the biofilm, leading to enhanced efficacy of Ce6. Additionally, the interaction between NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulted in the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), further enhancing PDT efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, Ce6-PDA/CaP-GSNO demonstrated remarkable biofilm penetration capacity and effective reduction of the GSH level in the biofilms, leading to enhanced PDT efficacy at low photosensitizer doses and laser intensities, thereby minimizing adverse effects on normal tissues. These findings highlight the promising potential of our approach for combating biofilm-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong New Drug Loading & Release Technology and Preparation Engineering Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong New Drug Loading & Release Technology and Preparation Engineering Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Keke Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong New Drug Loading & Release Technology and Preparation Engineering Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong New Drug Loading & Release Technology and Preparation Engineering Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Longle Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong New Drug Loading & Release Technology and Preparation Engineering Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Wenting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong New Drug Loading & Release Technology and Preparation Engineering Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong New Drug Loading & Release Technology and Preparation Engineering Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anantharaman S, Guercio D, Mendoza AG, Withorn JM, Boon EM. Negative regulation of biofilm formation by nitric oxide sensing proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1447-1458. [PMID: 37610010 PMCID: PMC10625800 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-based infections pose a serious threat to public health. Biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms, most commonly bacteria and yeast, residing in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The EPS is composed of several secreted biomolecules that shield the microorganisms from harsh environmental stressors and promote antibiotic resistance. Due to the increasing prominence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and a decreased development of bactericidal agents in clinical production, there is an increasing need to discover alternative targets and treatment regimens for biofilm-based infections. One promising strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in biofilm-forming bacteria is to trigger biofilm dispersal, which is a natural part of the bacterial biofilm life cycle. One signal for biofilm dispersal is the diatomic gas nitric oxide (NO). Low intracellular levels of NO have been well documented to rapidly disperse biofilm macrostructures and are sensed by a widely conserved NO-sensory protein, NosP, in many pathogenic bacteria. When bound to heme and ligated to NO, NosP inhibits the autophosphorylation of NosP's associated histidine kinase, NahK, reducing overall biofilm formation. This reduction in biofilm formation is regulated by the decrease in secondary metabolite bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). The NosP/NahK signaling pathway is also associated with other major regulatory systems in the maturation of bacterial biofilms, including virulence and quorum sensing. In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries investigating NosP, NahK and NO-mediated biofilm dispersal in pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Anantharaman
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
| | - Danielle Guercio
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
| | - Alicia G Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
| | - Jason M Withorn
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth M Boon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|