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Follmer AH, Borovik AS. The role of basicity in selective C-H bond activation by transition metal-oxidos. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11005-11016. [PMID: 37497779 PMCID: PMC10619463 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01781h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of (bio)catalysts capable of selectively activating strong C-H bonds is a continuing challenge in modern chemistry. In both metalloenzymes and synthetic systems capable of activating C-H bonds, transition metal-oxido intermediates serve as the active species for reactivity whose thermodynamic properties influence the bond strengths they are capable of activating. In this Frontier article, we present current ideas of how the basicity of transition metal-oxidos impacts their reactivity with C-H bonds and present new opportunities within this field. We highlight recent insights into the role basicity plays in the activation process and its influence on mechanism, as well as the important role that secondary coordination sphere effects, such as hydrogen bonds, in tuning the basicity of the metal-oxido species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec H Follmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.
| | - A S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.
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2
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Tinzl M, Hilvert D. Trapping Transient Protein Species by Genetic Code Expansion. Chembiochem 2020; 22:92-99. [PMID: 32810341 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nature employs a limited number of genetically encoded amino acids for the construction of functional proteins. By engineering components of the cellular translation machinery, however, it is now possible to genetically encode noncanonical building blocks with tailored electronic and structural properties. The ability to incorporate unique chemical functionality into proteins provides a powerful tool to probe mechanism and create novel function. In this minireview, we highlight several recent studies that illustrate how noncanonical amino acids have been used to capture and characterize reactive intermediates, fine-tune the catalytic properties of enzymes, and stabilize short-lived protein-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tinzl
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Thyer R, Shroff R, Klein DR, d'Oelsnitz S, Cotham VC, Byrom M, Brodbelt JS, Ellington AD. Custom selenoprotein production enabled by laboratory evolution of recoded bacterial strains. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:624-631. [PMID: 29863724 PMCID: PMC6035053 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of the rare amino acid selenocysteine to form diselenide bonds can improve stability and function of synthetic peptide therapeutics. However, application of this approach to recombinant proteins has been hampered by heterogeneous incorporation, low selenoprotein yields, and poor fitness of bacterial producer strains. We report the evolution of recoded Escherichia coli strains with improved fitness that are superior hosts for recombinant selenoprotein production. We apply an engineered β-lactamase containing an essential diselenide bond to enforce selenocysteine dependence during continuous evolution of recoded E. coli strains. Evolved strains maintain an expanded genetic code indefinitely. We engineer a fluorescent reporter to quantify selenocysteine incorporation in vivo and show complete decoding of UAG codons as selenocysteine. Replacement of native, labile disulfide bonds in antibody fragments with diselenide bonds vastly improves resistance to reducing conditions. Highly seleno-competent bacterial strains enable industrial-scale selenoprotein expression and unique diselenide architecture, advancing our ability to customize the selenoproteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Thyer
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Raghav Shroff
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Dustin R Klein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Simon d'Oelsnitz
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Victoria C Cotham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle Byrom
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrew D Ellington
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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4
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Hayashi T, Hilvert D, Green AP. Engineered Metalloenzymes with Non-Canonical Coordination Environments. Chemistry 2018; 24:11821-11830. [PMID: 29786902 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nature employs a limited number of genetically encoded, metal-coordinating residues to create metalloenzymes with diverse structures and functions. Engineered components of the cellular translation machinery can now be exploited to encode non-canonical ligands with user-defined electronic and structural properties. This ability to install "chemically programmed" ligands into proteins can provide powerful chemical probes of metalloenzyme mechanism and presents excellent opportunities to create metalloprotein catalysts with augmented properties and novel activities. In this Concept article, we provide an overview of several recent studies describing the creation of engineered metalloenzymes with interesting catalytic properties, and reveal how characterization of these systems has advanced our understanding of nature's bioinorganic mechanisms. We also highlight how powerful laboratory evolution protocols can be readily adapted to allow optimization of metalloenzymes with non-canonical ligands. This approach combines beneficial features of small molecule and protein catalysis by allowing the installation of a greater variety of local metal coordination environments into evolvable protein scaffolds, and holds great promise for the future creation of powerful metalloprotein catalysts for a host of synthetically valuable transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony P Green
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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5
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Pott M, Hayashi T, Mori T, Mittl PRE, Green AP, Hilvert D. A Noncanonical Proximal Heme Ligand Affords an Efficient Peroxidase in a Globin Fold. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1535-1543. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Pott
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Takahiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Peer R. E. Mittl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Anthony P. Green
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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6
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Klein JEMN, Mandal D, Ching WM, Mallick D, Que L, Shaik S. Privileged Role of Thiolate as the Axial Ligand in Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions by Oxoiron(IV) Complexes in Shaping the Potential Energy Surface and Inducing Significant H-Atom Tunneling. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18705-18713. [PMID: 29179544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An H/D kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 80 is found at -20 °C for the oxidation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene by [FeIV(O)(TMCS)]+, a complex supported by the tetramethylcyclam (TMC) macrocycle with a tethered thiolate. This KIE value approaches that previously predicted by DFT calculations. Other [FeIV(O)(TMC)(anion)] complexes exhibit values of 20, suggesting that the thiolate ligand of [FeIV(O)(TMCS)]+ plays a unique role in facilitating tunneling. Calculations show that tunneling is most enhanced (a) when the bond asymmetry between C-H bond breaking and O-H bond formation in the transition state is minimized, and (b) when the electrostatic interactions in the O---H---C moiety are maximal. These two factors-which peak for the best electron donor, the thiolate ligand-afford a slim and narrow barrier through which the H-atom can tunnel most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes E M N Klein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Debasish Mandal
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wei-Min Ching
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Mousa R, Notis Dardashti R, Metanis N. Selen und Selenocystein in der Proteinchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Mousa
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Rebecca Notis Dardashti
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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Mousa R, Notis Dardashti R, Metanis N. Selenium and Selenocysteine in Protein Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15818-15827. [PMID: 28857389 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Selenocysteine, the selenium-containing analogue of cysteine, is the twenty-first proteinogenic amino acid. Since its discovery almost fifty years ago, it has been exploited in unnatural systems even more often than in natural systems. Selenocysteine chemistry has attracted the attention of many chemists in the field of chemical biology owing to its high reactivity and resulting potential for various applications such as chemical modification, chemical protein (semi)synthesis, and protein folding, to name a few. In this Minireview, we will focus on the chemistry of selenium and selenocysteine and their utility in protein chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Mousa
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Rebecca Notis Dardashti
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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9
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Erdogan H, Vandemeulebroucke A, Nauser T, Bounds PL, Koppenol WH. Jumpstarting the cytochrome P450 catalytic cycle with a hydrated electron. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21481-21489. [PMID: 29109145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450cam (CYP101Fe3+) regioselectively hydroxylates camphor. Possible hydroxylating intermediates in the catalytic cycle of this well-characterized enzyme have been proposed on the basis of experiments carried out at very low temperatures and shunt reactions, but their presence has not yet been validated at temperatures above 0 °C during a normal catalytic cycle. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to mimic the natural catalytic cycle of CYP101Fe3+ by using pulse radiolysis to rapidly supply the second electron of the catalytic cycle to camphor-bound CYP101[FeO2]2+ Judging by the appearance of an absorbance maximum at 440 nm, we conclude that CYP101[FeOOH]2+ (compound 0) accumulates within 5 μs and decays rapidly to CYP101Fe3+, with a k440 nm of 9.6 × 104 s-1 All processes are complete within 40 μs at 4 °C. Importantly, no transient absorbance bands could be assigned to CYP101[FeO2+por•+] (compound 1) or CYP101[FeO2+] (compound 2). However, indirect evidence for the involvement of compound 1 was obtained from the kinetics of formation and decay of a tyrosyl radical. 5-Hydroxycamphor was formed quantitatively, and the catalytic activity of the enzyme was not impaired by exposure to radiation during the pulse radiolysis experiment. The rapid decay of compound 0 enabled calculation of the limits for the Gibbs activation energies for the conversions of compound 0 → compound 1 → compound 2 → CYP101Fe3+, yielding a ΔG‡ of 45, 39, and 39 kJ/mol, respectively. At 37 °C, the steps from compound 0 to the iron(III) state would take only 4 μs. Our kinetics studies at 4 °C complement the canonical mechanism by adding the dimension of time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - An Vandemeulebroucke
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Onderko EL, Silakov A, Yosca TH, Green MT. Characterization of a selenocysteine-ligated P450 compound I reveals direct link between electron donation and reactivity. Nat Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Green AP, Hayashi T, Mittl PRE, Hilvert D. A Chemically Programmed Proximal Ligand Enhances the Catalytic Properties of a Heme Enzyme. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11344-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P. Green
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Takahiro Hayashi
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peer R. E. Mittl
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Cordeau E, Arnaudguilhem C, Bouyssiere B, Hagège A, Martinez J, Subra G, Cantel S, Enjalbal C. Investigation of Elemental Mass Spectrometry in Pharmacology for Peptide Quantitation at Femtomolar Levels. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157943. [PMID: 27336163 PMCID: PMC4918930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search of new robust and environmental-friendly analytical methods able to answer quantitative issues in pharmacology, we explore liquid chromatography (LC) associated with elemental mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to monitor peptides in such complex biological matrices. The novelty is to use mass spectrometry to replace radiolabelling and radioactivity measurements, which represent up-to now the gold standard to measure organic compound concentrations in life science. As a proof of concept, we choose the vasopressin (AVP)/V1A receptor system for model pharmacological assays. The capacity of ICP-MS to provide highly sensitive quantitation of metallic and hetero elements, whatever the sample medium, prompted us to investigate this technique in combination with appropriate labelling of the peptide of interest. Selenium, that is scarcely present in biological media, was selected as a good compromise between ICP-MS response, covalent tagging ability using conventional sulfur chemistry and peptide detection specificity. Applying selenium monitoring by elemental mass spectrometry in pharmacology is challenging due to the very high salt content and organic material complexity of the samples that produces polyatomic aggregates and thus potentially mass interferences with selenium detection. Hyphenation with a chromatographic separation was found compulsory. Noteworthy, we aimed to develop a straightforward quantitative protocol that can be performed in any laboratory equipped with a standard macrobore LC-ICP-MS system, in order to avoid time-consuming sample treatment or special implementation of instrumental set-up, while allowing efficient suppression of all mass interferences to reach the targeted sensitivity. Significantly, a quantification limit of 57 ng Se L-1 (72 femtomoles of injected Se) was achieved, the samples issued from the pharmacological assays being directly introduced into the LC-ICP-MS system. The established method was successfully validated and applied to the measurement of the vasopressin ligand affinity for its V1A receptor through the determination of the dissociation constant (Kd) which was compared to the one recorded with conventional radioactivity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Cordeau
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Carine Arnaudguilhem
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement LCABIE-IPREM, UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. Pr. Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Brice Bouyssiere
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement LCABIE-IPREM, UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2 av. Pr. Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Agnès Hagège
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA), UMR 5280, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Christine Enjalbal
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
- * E-mail:
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