1
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McCune JS, Navarro SL, Risler LJ, Phillips BR, Ren S, Schoch HG, Baker KS. The presence of busulfan metabolites and pharmacometabolomics in plasma drawn immediately before allograft infusion in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2577-2590. [PMID: 37749994 PMCID: PMC10719475 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Busulfan is hepatically metabolized through glutathione (GSH) conjugation; in vitro, this process depletes hepatocyte GSH stores and generates the cytotoxic metabolite γ-glutamyldehydroalanylglycine, which is too unstable to be quantitated in vivo. We sought to evaluate if pre-graft (i.e., immediately before allograft infusion) concentrations of busulfan metabolites' and of endogenous metabolomic compounds (EMCs) representing the glutathione pathway were associated with clinical outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients receiving busulfan. The clinical outcomes evaluated were relapse, acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), chronic GVHD, non-relapse mortality, and neutrophil nadir. In pre-graft samples obtained from patients immediately before allograft infusion, our objectives were to evaluate for: (1) the presence of busulfan and its metabolites tetrahydrothiophenium ion (THT+), tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide, sulfolane, and 3-hydroxysulfolane (N = 124); (2) EMCs using a global metabolomics assay (N = 77); and (3) the association of the busulfan metabolites and the EMCs with clinical outcomes. In the pre-graft samples, busulfan and THT+ could not be detected. THT 1-oxide, sulfolane, and 3-hydroxysulfolane were quantitated in 9.6%, 26%, and 58% of pre-graft samples; their concentrations were not associated with clinical outcomes. Four pre-graft EMCs were statistically significantly associated with the neutrophil nadir. The pre-graft EMCs were not associated with the other clinical outcomes. In conclusion, busulfan's metabolites are present in patients' plasma immediately before allograft infusion; the neutrophil nadir is associated with pre-graft EMCs. Future research should investigate the association of clinical outcomes with the concentrations of busulfan's metabolites and EMCs in the pre-graft plasma from allogeneic HCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine S. McCune
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational SciencesCity of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sandi L. Navarro
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Linda J. Risler
- Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Brian R. Phillips
- Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Suping Ren
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational SciencesCity of HopeDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - H. Gary Schoch
- Clinical Research DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - K. Scott Baker
- Clinical Research DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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2
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Takahashi T, Jaber MM, Brown SJ, Al-Kofahi M. Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Intravenous Busulfan in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Systematic Review and Comparative Simulations. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023; 62:955-968. [PMID: 37415003 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-023-01275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Busulfan is commonly used in the chemotherapy prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Busulfan has a narrow therapeutic window and a well-established exposure-response relationship with important clinical outcomes. Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) based on population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models has been implemented in the clinical settings. We aimed to systematically review existing literature on popPK models of intravenous busulfan. METHODS We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to December 2022 to identify original popPK models (nonlinear mixed-effect modeling) of intravenous busulfan in HCT population. Model-predicted busulfan clearance (CL) was compared using US population data. RESULTS Of the 44 eligible popPK studies published since 2002, 68% were developed predominantly in children, 20% in adults, and 11% in both children and adults. The majority of the models were described using first-order elimination or time-varying CL (69% and 26%, respectively). All but three included a body-size descriptor (e.g., body weight, body surface area). Other commonly included covariates were age (30%) and GSTA1 variant (15%). Median between-subject and between-occasion variabilities of CL were 20% and 11%, respectively. Between-model variabilities in predicted median CL were < 20% in all of the weight tiers (10-110 kg) in the simulation based on US population data. CONCLUSION Busulfan PK is commonly described using a first-order elimination or time-varying CL. A simple model with limited covariates were generally sufficient to attain relatively small unexplained variabilities. However, therapeutic drug monitoring may still be necessary to attain a narrow target exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Takahashi
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Mutaz M Jaber
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Brown
- Health Sciences Library, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mahmoud Al-Kofahi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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3
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Combarel D, Tran J, Delahousse J, Vassal G, Paci A. Individualizing busulfan dose in specific populations and evaluating the risk of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:75-90. [PMID: 36939456 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2192924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Busulfan is an alkylating agent widely used in the conditioning of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation possessing a complex metabolism and a large interindividual and intra-individual variability, especially in children. Combined with the strong rationale of busulfan PK/PD relationships, factors altering its clearance (e.g., weight, age, and GST-A genetic polymorphism mainly) can also affect clinical outcomes. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on busulfan pharmacokinetics, its pharmacokinetics variabilities in pediatric populations, drug-drug interactions (DDI), and their consequences regarding dose individualization. This review was based on medical literature up until October 2021. EXPERT OPINION To ensure effective busulfan exposure in pediatrics, different weight-based nomograms have been established to determine busulfan dosage and provided improved results (65 - 80% of patients correctly exposed). In addition to nomograms, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of busulfan measuring plasmatic concentrations to estimate busulfan pharmacokinetic parameters can be used. TDM is now widely carried out in routine practices and aims to ensure the targeting of the reported therapeutic windows by individualizing busulfan dosing based on the clearance estimations from a previous dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Combarel
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de biologie et pathologie médicale, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julie Tran
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de biologie et pathologie médicale, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Julia Delahousse
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de biologie et pathologie médicale, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, & University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Angelo Paci
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de biologie et pathologie médicale, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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4
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Guidolin V, Li Y, Jacobs FC, MacMillan ML, Villalta PW, Hecht SS, Balbo S. Characterization and quantitation of busulfan DNA adducts in the blood of patients receiving busulfan therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:197-210. [PMID: 36820303 PMCID: PMC9938526 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA alkylating drugs have been used as cancer chemotherapy with variable outcomes. The establishment of predictive biomarkers to identify patients who will effectively respond to treatment would allow for the development of personalized therapies. As the degree of interaction of alkylating drug with DNA plays a key role in their mechanism of action, our hypothesis is that the measurement of the DNA adducts formed by alkylating drugs could be used to inform patient stratification. Beginning with busulfan, we took advantage of our DNA adductomic approach to characterize DNA adducts formed by reacting busulfan with calf-thymus DNA. Samples collected from six patients undergoing busulfan-based chemotherapy prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation were analyzed for the presence of busulfan-derived DNA adducts. Among the 15 adducts detected in vitro, 12 were observed in the patient blood confirming the presence of a large profile of DNA adducts in vivo. Two of the detected adducts were structurally confirmed by comparison with synthetic standards and quantified in patients. These data confirm our ability to comprehensively characterize busulfan-derived DNA damage and set the stage for the development of methods to support personalized chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guidolin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Foster C. Jacobs
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Margaret L. MacMillan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Corresponding author: Silvia Balbo, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 Street SE - 2-145 CCRB, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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5
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Lawson R, Staatz CE, Fraser CJ, Ramachandran S, Teague L, Mitchell R, O'Brien T, Hennig S. Population pharmacokinetic model for once‐daily intravenous busulfan in pediatric subjects describing
time‐associated
clearance. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:1002-1017. [PMID: 35611997 PMCID: PMC9381908 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of busulfan focusing on how busulfan clearance (CL) changes over time during once‐daily administration and assess different methods for measuring busulfan exposure and the ability to achieve target cumulative exposure under different dosing adjustment scenarios in pediatric stem cell transplantation recipients. Daily serial blood sampling was performed and concentration‐time data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed‐effects approach. The developed PK model was used to assess achievement of target exposure under six dose‐adjustment scenarios based on simulations performed in RStudio (RxODE package)®. A total of 2491 busulfan plasma concentration–time measurements were collected from 95 patients characterizing 379 dosing days. A two‐compartment model with time‐associated CL best described the data with a typical CL of 14.5 L/h for an adult male with 62 kg normal fat mass (NFM; equivalent to 70 kg total body weight), typical volume of distribution central compartment (V1) of 40.6 L/59 kg NFM (equivalent to 70 kg total body weight), and typical volume of distribution peripheral compartment of 3.57 L/62 kg NFM. Model interindividual variability in CL and V1 was 14.7% and 34.9%, respectively, and interoccasional variability in CL was 6.6%. Patient size described by NFM, a maturation component, and time since start of treatment significantly influenced CL. Simulations demonstrated that using model‐based exposure estimates with each dose, and either a proportional dose‐adjustment calculation or model‐based calculated individual CL estimates to support dose adjustments, increased proportion of subjects attaining cumulative exposure within 5% of target compared with using noncompartmental analysis (100% vs. 0%). A time‐associated reduction in CL during once‐daily busulfan treatment was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Lawson
- School of PharmacyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Pharmacy DepartmentQueensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Christopher J. Fraser
- Blood and Marrow Transplant ServiceQueensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Lochie Teague
- Pediatric Blood and Cancer CentreStarship HospitalAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Richard Mitchell
- Kids Cancer CentreSydney Children's HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Women & Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tracey O'Brien
- Kids Cancer CentreSydney Children's HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Women & Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Stefanie Hennig
- Certara, Inc.PrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
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6
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Liu M, Sovrovic M, Suga H, Jongkees SAK. Phosphine addition to dehydroalanine for peptide modification. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3081-3085. [PMID: 35353113 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiols are a functional group commonly used for selective reactions in a biochemical setting because of their high nucleophilicity. Phosphorus nucleophiles can undergo some similar reactions to thiols, but remain underexploited in this setting. In this work we show that phosphine nucleophiles react cleanly and quickly with a dehydroalanine electrophile, itself generated from cysteine, to give a stable adduct in a peptide context. NMR reveals the product to be a phosphonium ion and indicates some backbone conformational constraint, possibly arising from transient carbonyl coordination. The reaction proceeded quickly, with a pseudo-first order rate constant of 0.126 min-1 at 1 mM peptide (80% conversion in 10 min), and with no detectable side products on the peptide. A broad peptide sequence scope and water-soluble phosphines with alkyl as well as aromatic groups were all shown to react efficiently. Phosphine addition proved to be efficient on nisin as a model Dha-containing biologically-derived peptide and on an mRNA-displayed peptide, as well as on TCEP-modified agarose for peptide capture from solution. This reaction thus presents a promising approach for modification of peptides for cargo attachment or altered physical properties in peptide discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Miha Sovrovic
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seino A K Jongkees
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Giri P, Pagar AD, Patil MD, Yun H. Chemical modification of enzymes to improve biocatalytic performance. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107868. [PMID: 34774927 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Improvement in intrinsic enzymatic features is in many instances a prerequisite for the scalable applicability of many industrially important biocatalysts. To this end, various strategies of chemical modification of enzymes are maturing and now considered as a distinct way to improve biocatalytic properties. Traditional chemical modification methods utilize reactivities of amine, carboxylic, thiol and other side chains originating from canonical amino acids. On the other hand, noncanonical amino acid- mediated 'click' (bioorthogoal) chemistry and dehydroalanine (Dha)-mediated modifications have emerged as an alternate and promising ways to modify enzymes for functional enhancement. This review discusses the applications of various chemical modification tools that have been directed towards the improvement of functional properties and/or stability of diverse array of biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Giri
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Amol D Pagar
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh D Patil
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, PO Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Liang L, Ma K, Wang Z, Janissen R, Yu Z. Dynamics and inhibition of MLL1 CXXC domain on DNA revealed by single-molecule quantification. Biophys J 2021; 120:3283-3291. [PMID: 34280370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CpG islands recruit MLL1 via the CXXC domain to modulate chromatin structure and regulate gene expression. The amino acid motif of CXXC also plays a pivotal role in MLL1's structure and function and serves as a target for drug design. In addition, the CpG pattern in an island governs spatially dependent collaboration among CpGs in recruiting epigenetic enzymes. However, current studies using short DNA fragments cannot probe the dynamics of CXXC on long DNA with crowded CpG motifs. Here, we used single-molecule magnetic tweezers to examine the binding dynamics of MLL1's CXXC domain on a long DNA with a CpG island. The mechanical strand separation assay allows profiling of protein-DNA complexes and reports force-dependent unfolding times. Further design of a hairpin detector reveals the unfolding time of individual CXXC-CpG complexes. Finally, in a proof of concept we demonstrate the inhibiting effect of dimethyl fumarate on the CXXC-DNA complexes by measuring the dose response curve of the unfolding time. This demonstrates the potential feasibility of using single-molecule strand separation as a label-free detector in drug discovery and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kangkang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Richard Janissen
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, South-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Zhongbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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9
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Review of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Busulfan in Paediatric Patients. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 60:17-51. [PMID: 33128207 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to review the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous busulfan in paediatric patients, identify covariate factors influencing exposure, investigate evidence of changes in PK behaviour over time, and correlate exposure with efficacy and toxicity outcomes. A literature review was undertaken of original research published between 2007 and 2019, investigating the PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) of intravenous busulfan in patients ≤ 18 years of age. The review identified 41 publications characterising the PK, and 45 publications describing the PD, of busulfan. Median typical clearance (CL) was 0.22 L/h/kg and median typical volume of distribution was 0.69 L/kg. Patient weight, age, glutathione-S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) genotype and busulfan dosing day/time were the most commonly identified factors affecting CL. Of nine studies investigating changes in CL, seven reported reduced CL over the 4-day course of treatment. Exposure monitoring methods and therapeutic targets were heterogeneous across studies. Relationships between busulfan exposure and patient outcomes were observed in five studies. One study observed a cumulative area under the concentration-time curve over all days of treatment of between 78 and 101 mg/L·h, and two studies observed an average concentration at first dose of < 600 ng/mL improved overall survival, transplant-related mortality, or relapse. One study observed increased sinusoidal obstructive syndrome with maximum busulfan concentration > 1.88 ng/mL. Patient weight, age and GSTA1 genotype are important covariates to consider when individualising busulfan therapy. Reduced busulfan CL over time may need to be accounted for, particularly in patients not receiving phenytoin co-therapy. Standardised monitoring of busulfan exposure over the entire course of treatment and further investigation of the role of busulfan metabolites and pharmacogenomics is warranted.
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10
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Fellner M, Rankin JA, Desguin B, Hu J, Hausinger RP. Analysis of the Active Site Cysteine Residue of the Sacrificial Sulfur Insertase LarE from Lactobacillus plantarum. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5513-5523. [PMID: 30157639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
LarE from Lactobacillus plantarum is an ATP-dependent sulfur transferase that sacrifices its Cys176 sulfur atom to form a dehydroalanine (Dha) side chain during biosynthesis of the covalently linked nickel-pincer nucleotide (NPN) cofactor (pyridinium 3-thioamide-5-thiocarboxylic acid mononucleotide) of lactate racemase. Coenzyme A (CoA) stabilizes LarE and forms a CoA-Cys176 mixed disulfide with the protein. This study presents the crystal structure of the LarE/CoA complex, revealing protein interactions with CoA that mimic those for binding ATP. CoA weakly inhibits LarE activity, and the persulfide of CoA is capable of partially regenerating functional LarE from the Dha176 form of the protein. The physiological relevance of this cycling reaction is unclear. A new form of LarE was discovered, an NPN-LarE covalent adduct, explaining prior results in which activation of the lactate racemase apoprotein required only the isolated LarE. The crystal structure of the inactive C176A variant revealed a fold essentially identical to that of wild-type LarE. Additional active site variants of LarE were created and their activities characterized, with all LarE variants analyzed in terms of the structure. Finally, the L. plantarum LarE structure was compared to a homology model of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum LarE, predicted to contain three cysteine residues at the active site, and to other proteins with a similar fold and multiple active site cysteine residues. These findings suggest that some LarE orthologs may not be sacrificial but instead may catalyze sulfur transfer by using a persulfide mechanism or from a labile site on a [4Fe-4S] cluster at this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Fellner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Joel A Rankin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Benoît Desguin
- Institute of Life Sciences , Université catholique de Louvain , B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Robert P Hausinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
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11
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Dadová J, Galan SR, Davis BG. Synthesis of modified proteins via functionalization of dehydroalanine. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:71-81. [PMID: 29913421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroalanine has emerged in recent years as a non-proteinogenic residue with strong chemical utility in proteins for the study of biology. In this review we cover the several methods now available for its flexible and site-selective incorporation via a variety of complementary chemical and biological techniques and examine its reactivity, allowing both creation of modified protein side-chains through a variety of bond-forming methods (C-S, C-N, C-Se, C-C) and as an activity-based probe in its own right. We illustrate its utility with selected examples of biological and technological discovery and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Dadová
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Rg Galan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
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12
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Acosta-Martin AE, Antinori P, Uppugunduri CRS, Daali Y, Ansari M, Scherl A, Müller M, Lescuyer P. Detection of busulfan adducts on proteins. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2517-2528. [PMID: 27599297 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Busulfan is a bifunctional alkyl sulfonate antineoplastic drug. This alkylating agent was described as forming covalent adducts on proteins. However, only limited data are available regarding the interaction of busulfan with proteins. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics were used to identify busulfan adducts on human serum albumin and hemoglobin. METHODS Albumin and hemoglobin were incubated with busulfan or control compounds, digested with trypsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) on a Thermo Fisher LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro. MS data were used to generate spectral libraries of non-modified peptides and an open modification search was performed to identify potential adduct mass shifts and possible modification sites. Results were confirmed by a second database search including identified mass shifts and by visual inspection of annotated tandem mass spectra of adduct-carrying peptides. RESULTS Five structures of busulfan adducts were detected and a chemical structure could be attributed to four of them. Two were primary adducts corresponding to busulfan monoalkylation and alkylation of two amino acid residues by a single busulfan molecule. Two others corresponded to secondary adducts generated during sample processing. Adducts were mainly detected on Asp, Glu, and His residues. These findings were confirmed by subsequent database searches and experiments with synthetic peptides. CONCLUSIONS The combination of in vitro incubation of proteins with the drug of interest or control compounds, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and open modification search allowed confirmation of the direct interaction of busulfan with proteins and characterization of the resulting adducts. Our results also showed that careful analysis of the data is required to detect experimental artifacts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina E Acosta-Martin
- Department of Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paola Antinori
- Department of Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chakradhara Rao S Uppugunduri
- Onco-Hematology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cansearch Research Laboratory, Geneva Medical University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- Onco-Hematology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Cansearch Research Laboratory, Geneva Medical University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Scherl
- Department of Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Müller
- SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Lescuyer
- Department of Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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