1
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Liu F. Direct methylthiolation of C-, S-, and P-nucleophiles with sodium S-methyl thiosulfate. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1153-1157. [PMID: 36628986 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical and efficient methylthiolation that employed the typical Bunte salt sodium S-methyl sulfothioate as the sulfur source was described. This reagent could react with a variety of compounds such as alkynes, 1,3-diketones, thiols, selenol and H-phosphine oxides, affording methylthiolated products in moderate to excellent yields. The advantages such as easy preparation, air- and moisture-stability and high tolerance of functional groups demonstrated the potential of this reagent to be widely applied in organic synthesis. Notably, the robustness of this reagent was demonstrated by the late-stage modification of drug molecules of erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmin Liu
- Division of Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324000, P. R. China.
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2
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Chatterjee S, Hausinger RP. Sulfur incorporation into biomolecules: recent advances. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:461-476. [PMID: 36403141 PMCID: PMC10192010 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2141678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element for a variety of cellular constituents in all living organisms and adds considerable functionality to a wide range of biomolecules. The pathways for incorporating sulfur into central metabolites of the cell such as cysteine, methionine, cystathionine, and homocysteine have long been established. Furthermore, the importance of persulfide intermediates during the biosynthesis of thionucleotide-containing tRNAs, iron-sulfur clusters, thiamin diphosphate, and the molybdenum cofactor are well known. This review briefly surveys these topics while emphasizing more recent aspects of sulfur metabolism that involve unconventional biosynthetic pathways. Sacrificial sulfur transfers from protein cysteinyl side chains to precursors of thiamin and the nickel-pincer nucleotide (NPN) cofactor are described. Newer aspects of synthesis for lipoic acid, biotin, and other compounds are summarized, focusing on the requisite iron-sulfur cluster destruction. Sulfur transfers by using a noncore sulfide ligand bound to a [4Fe-4S] cluster are highlighted for generating certain thioamides and for alternative biosynthetic pathways of thionucleotides and the NPN cofactor. Thioamide formation by activating an amide oxygen atom via phosphorylation also is illustrated. The discussion of these topics stresses the chemical reaction mechanisms of the transformations and generally avoids comments on the gene/protein nomenclature or the sources of the enzymes. This work sets the stage for future efforts to decipher the diverse mechanisms of sulfur incorporation into biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert P. Hausinger
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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3
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Saudino G, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Banci L. Protein-Interaction Affinity Gradient Drives [4Fe-4S] Cluster Insertion in Human Lipoyl Synthase. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5713-5717. [PMID: 35343688 PMCID: PMC8991016 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
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Human lipoyl synthase
(LIAS) is an enzyme containing two [4Fe–4S]
clusters (named FeSRS and FeSaux) involved in
the biosynthesis of the lipoyl cofactor. The mechanism by which a
[4Fe–4S] cluster is inserted into LIAS has thus far remained
elusive. Here we show that NFU1 and ISCA1 of the mitochondrial iron–sulfur
cluster assembly machinery, via forming a heterodimeric complex, are
the key factors for the insertion of a [4Fe–4S] cluster into
the FeSRS site of LIAS. In this process, the crucial actor
is the C-domain of NFU1, which, by exploiting a protein-interaction
affinity gradient increasing from ISCA1 to LIAS, drives the cluster
to its final destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Saudino
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Simone Ciofi-Baffoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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4
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Das M, Dewan A, Shee S, Singh A. The Multifaceted Bacterial Cysteine Desulfurases: From Metabolism to Pathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070997. [PMID: 34201508 PMCID: PMC8300815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Living cells have developed a relay system to efficiently transfer sulfur (S) from cysteine to various thio-cofactors (iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, thiamine, molybdopterin, lipoic acid, and biotin) and thiolated tRNA. The presence of such a transit route involves multiple protein components that allow the flux of S to be precisely regulated as a function of environmental cues to avoid the unnecessary accumulation of toxic concentrations of soluble sulfide (S2−). The first enzyme in this relay system is cysteine desulfurase (CSD). CSD catalyzes the release of sulfane S from L-cysteine by converting it to L-alanine by forming an enzyme-linked persulfide intermediate on its conserved cysteine residue. The persulfide S is then transferred to diverse acceptor proteins for its incorporation into the thio-cofactors. The thio-cofactor binding-proteins participate in essential and diverse cellular processes, including DNA repair, respiration, intermediary metabolism, gene regulation, and redox sensing. Additionally, CSD modulates pathogenesis, antibiotic susceptibility, metabolism, and survival of several pathogenic microbes within their hosts. In this review, we aim to comprehensively illustrate the impact of CSD on bacterial core metabolic processes and its requirement to combat redox stresses and antibiotics. Targeting CSD in human pathogens can be a potential therapy for better treatment outcomes.
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5
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Kang F, Yu L, Xia Y, Yu M, Xia L, Wang Y, Yang L, Wang T, Gong W, Tian C, Liu X, Wang J. Rational Design of a Miniature Photocatalytic CO 2-Reducing Enzyme. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Kang
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minling Yu
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weimin Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Zhang B, Arcinas AJ, Radle MI, Silakov A, Booker SJ, Krebs C. First Step in Catalysis of the Radical S-Adenosylmethionine Methylthiotransferase MiaB Yields an Intermediate with a [3Fe-4S] 0-Like Auxiliary Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1911-1924. [PMID: 31899624 PMCID: PMC7008301 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme MiaB catalyzes the attachment of a methylthio (-SCH3) group at the C2 position of N6-(isopentenyl)adenosine (i6A) in the final step of the biosynthesis of the hypermodified tRNA nucleotide 2-methythio-N6-(isopentenyl)adenosine (ms2i6A). MiaB belongs to the expanding subgroup of enzymes of the radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) superfamily that harbor one or more auxiliary [4Fe-4S] clusters in addition to the [4Fe-4S] cluster that all family members require for the reductive cleavage of SAM to afford the common 5'-deoxyadenosyl 5'-radical (5'-dA•) intermediate. While the role of the radical SAM cluster in generating the 5'-dA• is well understood, the detailed role of the auxiliary cluster, which is essential for MiaB catalysis, remains unclear. It has been proposed that the auxiliary cluster may serve as a coordination site for exogenously derived sulfur destined for attachment to the substrate or that the cluster itself provides the sulfur atom and is sacrificed during turnover. In this work, we report spectroscopic and biochemical evidence that the auxiliary [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) MiaB is converted to a [3Fe-4S]0-like cluster during the methylation step of catalysis. Mössbauer characterization of the MiaB [3Fe-4S]0-like cluster revealed unusual spectroscopic properties compared to those of other well-characterized cuboidal [3Fe-4S]0 clusters. Specifically, the Fe sites of the mixed-valent moiety do not have identical Mössbauer parameters. Our results support a mechanism where the auxiliary [4Fe-4S] cluster is the direct sulfur source during catalysis.
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7
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Yang H, Impano S, Shepard EM, James CD, Broderick WE, Broderick JB, Hoffman BM. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Radical SAM Enzyme Generates an S-Adenosylmethionine Derived Methyl Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16117-16124. [PMID: 31509404 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radical SAM (RS) enzymes use S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) and a [4Fe-4S] cluster to initiate a broad spectrum of radical transformations throughout all kingdoms of life. We report here that low-temperature photoinduced electron transfer from the [4Fe-4S]1+ cluster to bound SAM in the active site of the hydrogenase maturase RS enzyme, HydG, results in specific homolytic cleavage of the S-CH3 bond of SAM, rather than the S-C5' bond as in the enzyme-catalyzed (thermal) HydG reaction. This result is in stark contrast to a recent report in which photoinduced ET in the RS enzyme pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme cleaved the S-C5' bond to generate a 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical, and provides the first direct evidence for homolytic S-CH3 bond cleavage in a RS enzyme. Photoinduced ET in HydG generates a trapped •CH3 radical, as well as a small population of an organometallic species with an Fe-CH3 bond, denoted ΩM. The •CH3 radical is surprisingly found to exhibit rotational diffusion in the HydG active site at temperatures as low as 40 K, and is rapidly quenched: whereas 5'-dAdo• is stable indefinitely at 77 K, •CH3 quenches with a half-time of ∼2 min at this temperature. The rapid quenching and rotational/translational freedom of •CH3 shows that enzymes would be unable to harness this radical as a regio- and stereospecific H atom abstractor during catalysis, in contrast to the exquisite control achieved with the enzymatically generated 5'-dAdo•.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Stella Impano
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States
| | - Eric M Shepard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States
| | - Christopher D James
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - William E Broderick
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States
| | - Joan B Broderick
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States
| | - Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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8
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Yang H, McDaniel EC, Impano S, Byer AS, Jodts RJ, Yokoyama K, Broderick WE, Broderick JB, Hoffman BM. The Elusive 5'-Deoxyadenosyl Radical: Captured and Characterized by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Spectroscopies. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12139-12146. [PMID: 31274303 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical (5'-dAdo·) abstracts a substrate H atom as the first step in radical-based transformations catalyzed by adenosylcobalamin-dependent and radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (RS) enzymes. Notwithstanding its central biological role, 5'-dAdo· has eluded characterization despite efforts spanning more than a half-century. Here, we report generation of 5'-dAdo· in a RS enzyme active site at 12 K using a novel approach involving cryogenic photoinduced electron transfer from the [4Fe-4S]+ cluster to the coordinated S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to induce homolytic S-C5' bond cleavage. We unequivocally reveal the structure of this long-sought radical species through the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopies with isotopic labeling, complemented by density-functional computations: a planar C5' (2pπ) radical (∼70% spin occupancy); the C5'(H)2 plane is rotated by ∼37° (experiment)/39° (DFT) relative to the C5'-C4'-(C4'-H) plane, placing a C5'-H antiperiplanar to the ribose-ring oxygen, which helps stabilize the radical against elimination of the 4'-H. The agreement between φ from experiment and in vacuo DFT indicates that the conformation is intrinsic to 5-dAdo· itself, and not determined by its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Elizabeth C McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States
| | - Stella Impano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States
| | - Amanda S Byer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States
| | - Richard J Jodts
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Kenichi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - William E Broderick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States
| | - Joan B Broderick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montana State University , Bozeman , Montana 59717 , United States
| | - Brian M Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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9
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Miller SA, Bandarian V. Analysis of Electrochemical Properties of S-Adenosyl-l-methionine and Implications for Its Role in Radical SAM Enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11019-11026. [PMID: 31283208 PMCID: PMC7059804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
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S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is the
central cofactor in the radical SAM enzyme superfamily, responsible
for a vast number of transformations in primary and secondary metabolism.
In nearly all of these reactions, the reductive cleavage of SAM is
proposed to produce a reactive species, 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical,
which initiates catalysis. While the mechanistic details in many cases
are well-understood, the reductive cleavage of SAM remains elusive.
In this manuscript, we have measured the solution peak potential of
SAM to be ∼−1.4 V (v SHE) and show that under controlled
potential conditions, it undergoes irreversible fragmentation to the
5′-deoxyadenosyl radical. While the radical intermediate is
not directly observed, its presence as an initial intermediate is
inferred by the formation of 8,5′-cycloadenosine and by H atom
incorporation into 5′-deoxyadenosine from solvent exchangeable
site. Similarly, 2-aminobutyrate is also observed under electrolysis
conditions. The implications of these results in the context of the
reductive cleavage of SAM by radical SAM enzymes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven A Miller
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Vahe Bandarian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
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10
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Walker LM, Kincannon WM, Bandarian V, Elliott SJ. Deconvoluting the Reduction Potentials for the Three [4Fe-4S] Clusters in an AdoMet Radical SCIFF Maturase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6050-6053. [PMID: 30272955 PMCID: PMC6201763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes in the S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) radical enzyme superfamily are metalloenzymes that catalyze a wide variety of complex radical-mediated transformations with the aid of a [4Fe-4S] cluster, which is required for activation of AdoMet to generate the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical to initiate the catalytic cycle. In addition to this cluster, some enzymes share an additional domain, the SPASM domain, that houses auxiliary FeS clusters whose functional significance is not clearly understood. The AdoMet radical enzyme Tte1186, which catalyzes a thioether cross-link in a cysteine rich peptide (SCIFF), has two auxiliary [4Fe-4S] clusters within a SPASM domain that are required for enzymatic activity but not for the generation of the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical intermediate. Here we demonstrate the ability to measure independently the midpoint potentials of each of the three [4Fe-4S] clusters by employing Tte1186 variants for which only the first, second, or AdoMet binding cluster is bound. This allows, for the first time, assignment of reduction potentials for all clusters in an AdoMet radical enzyme with a SPASM domain. Our results show that the clusters have midpoint potentials that are within 100 mV of each other, suggesting that their electrochemical properties are not greatly influenced by the presence of the nearby clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Walker
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - William M Kincannon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Vahe Bandarian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Sean J Elliott
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , 590 Commonwealth Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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11
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Maiocco SJ, Walker LM, Elliott SJ. Determining Redox Potentials of the Iron-Sulfur Clusters of the AdoMet Radical Enzyme Superfamily. Methods Enzymol 2018; 606:319-339. [PMID: 30097097 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While protein film electrochemistry (PFE) has proven to be an effective tool in the interrogation of redox cofactors and assessing the electrocatalytic activity of many different enzymes, recently it has been proven to be useful for the study of the redox potentials of the cofactors of AdoMet radical enzymes (AREs). In this chapter, we review the challenges and opportunities of examining the redox cofactors of AREs in a high level of detail, particularly for the deconvolution of redox potentials of multiple cofactors. We comment on how to best assess the electroactive nature of any given ARE, and we see that when applied well, PFE allows for not only determining redox potentials, but also determining proton-coupling and ligand-binding phenomena in the ARE superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey M Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean J Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
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12
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Koh CS, Sarin LP. Transfer RNA modification and infection – Implications for pathogenicity and host responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:419-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Zheng C, Black KA, Dos Santos PC. Diverse Mechanisms of Sulfur Decoration in Bacterial tRNA and Their Cellular Functions. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010033. [PMID: 28327539 PMCID: PMC5372745 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur-containing transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs) are ubiquitous biomolecules found in all organisms that possess a variety of functions. For decades, their roles in processes such as translation, structural stability, and cellular protection have been elucidated and appreciated. These thionucleosides are found in all types of bacteria; however, their biosynthetic pathways are distinct among different groups of bacteria. Considering that many of the thio-tRNA biosynthetic enzymes are absent in Gram-positive bacteria, recent studies have addressed how sulfur trafficking is regulated in these prokaryotic species. Interestingly, a novel proposal has been given for interplay among thionucleosides and the biosynthesis of other thiocofactors, through participation of shared-enzyme intermediates, the functions of which are impacted by the availability of substrate as well as metabolic demand of thiocofactors. This review describes the occurrence of thio-modifications in bacterial tRNA and current methods for detection of these modifications that have enabled studies on the biosynthesis and functions of S-containing tRNA across bacteria. It provides insight into potential modes of regulation and potential evolutionary events responsible for divergence in sulfur metabolism among prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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14
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Mulliez E, Duarte V, Arragain S, Fontecave M, Atta M. On the Role of Additional [4Fe-4S] Clusters with a Free Coordination Site in Radical-SAM Enzymes. Front Chem 2017; 5:17. [PMID: 28361051 PMCID: PMC5352715 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical CysXXXCysXXCys motif is the hallmark of the Radical-SAM superfamily. This motif is responsible for the ligation of a [4Fe-4S] cluster containing a free coordination site available for SAM binding. The five enzymes MoaA, TYW1, MiaB, RimO and LipA contain in addition a second [4Fe-4S] cluster itself bound to three other cysteines and thus also displaying a potentially free coordination site. This review article summarizes recent important achievements obtained on these five enzymes with the main focus to delineate the role of this additional [4Fe-4S] cluster in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Mulliez
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 CEA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UGA Grenoble, France
| | - Victor Duarte
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 CEA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UGA Grenoble, France
| | - Simon Arragain
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229, Collége de France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université P. et M. Curie Paris, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 CEA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UGAGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229, Collége de France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université P. et M. CurieParis, France
| | - Mohamed Atta
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 CEA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UGA Grenoble, France
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