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Miliordos E, Moore JL, Obisesan SV, Oppelt J, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Computational Analysis of the Superoxide Dismutase Mimicry Exhibited by a Zinc(II) Complex with a Redox-Active Organic Ligand. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1491-1500. [PMID: 38354404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we found that a Zn(II) complex with the redox-active ligand N-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (H2qp1) was able to act as a functional mimic of superoxide dismutase, despite its lack of a redox-active transition metal. As the complex catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to form O2 and H2O2, the quinol in the ligand is believed to cycle between three oxidation states: quinol, quinoxyl radical, and para-quinone. Although the metal is not the redox partner, it nonetheless is essential to the reactivity since the free ligand by itself is inactive as a catalyst. In the present work, we primarily use calculations to probe the mechanism. The calculations support the inner-sphere decomposition of superoxide, suggest that the quinol/quinoxyl radical couple accounts for most of the catalysis, and elucidate the many roles that proton transfer between the zinc complexes and buffer has in the reactivity. Acid/base reactions involving the nonmetal-coordinating hydroxyl group on the quinol are predicted to be key to lowering the energy of the intermediates. We prepared a Zn(II) complex with N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (Hpp1) that lacks this functional group and found that it could not catalyze the dismutation of superoxide; this confirms the importance of the second, distal hydroxyl group of the quinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Segun V Obisesan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Julian Oppelt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | | | - Christian R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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2
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Mytych W, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Łoś A, Dynarowicz K, Myśliwiec A, Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy for Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1958. [PMID: 38396639 PMCID: PMC10888721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which currently contributes to 31% of deaths globally, is of critical cardiovascular concern. Current diagnostic tools and biomarkers are limited, emphasizing the need for early detection. Lifestyle modifications and medications form the basis of treatment, and emerging therapies such as photodynamic therapy are being developed. Photodynamic therapy involves a photosensitizer selectively targeting components of atherosclerotic plaques. When activated by specific light wavelengths, it induces localized oxidative stress aiming to stabilize plaques and reduce inflammation. The key advantage lies in its selective targeting, sparing healthy tissues. While preclinical studies are encouraging, ongoing research and clinical trials are crucial for optimizing protocols and ensuring long-term safety and efficacy. The potential combination with other therapies makes photodynamic therapy a versatile and promising avenue for addressing atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease. The investigations underscore the possibility of utilizing photodynamic therapy as a valuable treatment choice for atherosclerosis. As advancements in research continue, photodynamic therapy might become more seamlessly incorporated into clinical approaches for managing atherosclerosis, providing a blend of efficacy and limited invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Mytych
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (W.M.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Łoś
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (W.M.); (A.Ł.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (K.D.); (A.M.)
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Baranwal A, Polash SA, Aralappanavar VK, Behera BK, Bansal V, Shukla R. Recent Progress and Prospect of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Nanozymes in Biomedical Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:244. [PMID: 38334515 PMCID: PMC10856890 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A nanozyme is a nanoscale material having enzyme-like properties. It exhibits several superior properties, including low preparation cost, robust catalytic activity, and long-term storage at ambient temperatures. Moreover, high stability enables repetitive use in multiple catalytic reactions. Hence, it is considered a potential replacement for natural enzymes. Enormous research interest in nanozymes in the past two decades has made it imperative to look for better enzyme-mimicking materials for biomedical applications. Given this, research on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a potential nanozyme material has gained momentum. MOFs are advanced hybrid materials made of inorganic metal ions and organic ligands. Their distinct composition, adaptable pore size, structural diversity, and ease in the tunability of physicochemical properties enable MOFs to mimic enzyme-like activities and act as promising nanozyme candidates. This review aims to discuss recent advances in the development of MOF-based nanozymes (MOF-NZs) and highlight their applications in the field of biomedicine. Firstly, different enzyme-mimetic activities exhibited by MOFs are discussed, and insights are given into various strategies to achieve them. Modification and functionalization strategies are deliberated to obtain MOF-NZs with enhanced catalytic activity. Subsequently, applications of MOF-NZs in the biosensing and therapeutics domain are discussed. Finally, the review is concluded by giving insights into the challenges encountered with MOF-NZs and possible directions to overcome them in the future. With this review, we aim to encourage consolidated efforts across enzyme engineering, nanotechnology, materials science, and biomedicine disciplines to inspire exciting innovations in this emerging yet promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Baranwal
- Sir Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia (V.B.)
| | - Shakil Ahmed Polash
- Sir Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia (V.B.)
| | - Vijay Kumar Aralappanavar
- NanoBiosensor Laboratory, Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- NanoBiosensor Laboratory, Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Sir Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia (V.B.)
| | - Ravi Shukla
- Sir Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia (V.B.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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4
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Fan H, Yang Y, Bai Q, Wang D, Shi X, Zhang L, Yang Y. Neuroprotective Effects of Sinomenine on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Anti-Inflammatory and Nrf2-Dependent Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:545-562. [PMID: 37735290 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Sinomenine (SIN), a bioactive alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum, has powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutic benefits. In our previous research, we found that SIN increased resistance to oxidative stress via the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in PC12 neuronal cells. However, whether SIN can improve the symptoms and pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, via the Nrf2 signaling pathway remains unclear. EAE was immunized followed by SIN treatment. Then we evaluated the effects of SIN in EAE. Subsequently, primary microglia were cultured to explore the effect of SIN on microglia activation. Further, the levels of Nrf2 and its downstream molecules were detected to assess the molecular mechanisms of SIN. We demonstrated that SIN effectively ameliorated the severity of EAE, accompanied by a reduction in the demyelination, axonal damage and inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration. Mechanistically, SIN decreased the inflammatory cytokines expression, and suppressed microglia and astrocytes activation in EAE mice. Furthermore, SIN suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation and the production of pro-inflammatory factors in vitro. Moreover, SIN inhibited oxidative stress via the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our work proves that SIN exerts its neuroprotective effects by the Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidative stress and diminishing neuroinflammation, suggesting that the "antioxiflammation" effect of SIN is expected to be an ideal treatment strategy for MS/EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- Office of Research & Innovation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Office of Research & Innovation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Qianqian Bai
- Office of Research & Innovation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Department of traditional Chinese medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Department of Trauma center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine , Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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You X, Cao Y, Suzuki T, Shao J, Zhu B, Masumura K, Xi J, Liu W, Zhang X, Luan Y. Genome-wide direct quantification of in vivo mutagenesis using high-accuracy paired-end and complementary consensus sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:e109. [PMID: 37870450 PMCID: PMC10681716 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Error-corrected next-generation sequencing (ecNGS) is an emerging technology for accurately measuring somatic mutations. Here, we report paired-end and complementary consensus sequencing (PECC-Seq), a high-accuracy ecNGS approach for genome-wide somatic mutation detection. We characterize a novel 2-aminoimidazolone lesion besides 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and the resulting end-repair artifacts originating from NGS library preparation that obscure the sequencing accuracy of NGS. We modify library preparation protocol for the enzymatic removal of end-repair artifacts and improve the accuracy of our previously developed duplex consensus sequencing method. Optimized PECC-Seq shows an error rate of <5 × 10-8 with consensus bases compressed from approximately 25 Gb of raw sequencing data, enabling the accurate detection of low-abundance somatic mutations. We apply PECC-Seq to the quantification of in vivo mutagenesis. Compared with the classic gpt gene mutation assay using gpt delta transgenic mice, PECC-Seq exhibits high sensitivity in quantitatively measuring dose-dependent mutagenesis induced by Aristolochic acid I (AAI). Moreover, PECC-Seq specifically characterizes the distinct genome-wide mutational signatures of AAI, Benzo[a]pyrene, N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea and N-nitrosodiethylamine and reveals the mutational signature of Quinoline in common mouse models. Overall, our findings demonstrate that high-accuracy PECC-Seq is a promising tool for genome-wide somatic mutagenesis quantification and for in vivo mutagenicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue You
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yiyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Jie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Benzhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Jing Xi
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiying Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Luan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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6
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Broderick K, Moutaoufik MT, Aly KA, Babu M. Sanitation enzymes: Exquisite surveillance of the noncanonical nucleotide pool to safeguard the genetic blueprint. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 94:11-20. [PMID: 37211293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are common products of normal cellular metabolism, but their elevated levels can result in nucleotide modifications. These modified or noncanonical nucleotides often integrate into nascent DNA during replication, causing lesions that trigger DNA repair mechanisms such as the mismatch repair machinery and base excision repair. Four superfamilies of sanitization enzymes can effectively hydrolyze noncanonical nucleotides from the precursor pool and eliminate their unintended incorporation into DNA. Notably, we focus on the representative MTH1 NUDIX hydrolase, whose enzymatic activity is ostensibly nonessential under normal physiological conditions. Yet, the sanitization attributes of MTH1 are more prevalent when ROS levels are abnormally high in cancer cells, rendering MTH1 an interesting target for developing anticancer treatments. We discuss multiple MTH1 inhibitory strategies that have emerged in recent years, and the potential of NUDIX hydrolases as plausible targets for the development of anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Broderick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Khaled A Aly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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7
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Freire Boullosa L, Van Loenhout J, Flieswasser T, Hermans C, Merlin C, Lau HW, Marcq E, Verschuuren M, De Vos WH, Lardon F, Smits ELJ, Deben C. Auranofin Synergizes with the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib to Induce ROS-Mediated Cell Death in Mutant p53 Cancers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030667. [PMID: 36978917 PMCID: PMC10045521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Auranofin (AF) is a potent, off-patent thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibitor that efficiently targets cancer via reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and DNA damage-mediated cell death. The goal of this study is to enhance the efficacy of AF as a cancer treatment by combining it with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) inhibitor olaparib (referred to as ‘aurola’). Firstly, we investigated whether mutant p53 can sensitize non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cancer cells to AF and olaparib treatment in p53 knock-in and knock-out models with varying p53 protein expression levels. Secondly, we determined the therapeutic range for synergistic cytotoxicity between AF and olaparib and elucidated the underlying molecular cell death mechanisms. Lastly, we evaluated the effectiveness of the combination strategy in a murine 344SQ 3D spheroid and syngeneic in vivo lung cancer model. We demonstrated that high concentrations of AF and olaparib synergistically induced cytotoxicity in NSCLC and PDAC cell lines with low levels of mutant p53 protein that were initially more resistant to AF. The aurola combination also led to the highest accumulation of ROS, which resulted in ROS-dependent cytotoxicity of mutant p53 NSCLC cells through distinct types of cell death, including caspase-3/7-dependent apoptosis, inhibited by Z-VAD-FMK, and lipid peroxidation-dependent ferroptosis, inhibited by ferrostatin-1 and alpha-tocopherol. High concentrations of both compounds were also needed to obtain a synergistic cytotoxic effect in 3D spheroids of the murine lung adenocarcinoma cell line 344SQ, which was interestingly absent in 2D. This cell line was used in a syngeneic mouse model in which the oral administration of aurola significantly delayed the growth of mutant p53 344SQ tumors in 129S2/SvPasCrl mice, while either agent alone had no effect. In addition, RNA sequencing results revealed that AF- and aurola-treated 344SQ tumors were negatively enriched for immune-related gene sets, which is in accordance with AF’s anti-inflammatory function as an anti-rheumatic drug. Only 344SQ tumors treated with aurola showed the downregulation of genes related to the cell cycle, potentially explaining the growth inhibitory effect of aurola since no apoptosis-related gene sets were enriched. Overall, this novel combination strategy of oxidative stress induction (AF) with PARP inhibition (olaparib) could be a promising treatment for mutant p53 cancers, although high concentrations of both compounds need to be reached to obtain a substantial cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Freire Boullosa
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jinthe Van Loenhout
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tal Flieswasser
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe Hermans
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Céline Merlin
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ho Wa Lau
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Elly Marcq
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marlies Verschuuren
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp Center for Advanced Microscopy, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Winnok H. De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Antwerp Center for Advanced Microscopy, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- µNEURO Research Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evelien L. J. Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3-265-25-76
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8
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Moore JL, Oppelt J, Senft L, Franke A, Scheitler A, Dukes MW, Alix HB, Saunders AC, Karbalaei S, Schwartz DD, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Diquinol Functionality Boosts the Superoxide Dismutase Mimicry of a Zn(II) Complex with a Redox-Active Ligand while Maintaining Catalyst Stability and Enhanced Activity in Phosphate Solution. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19983-19997. [PMID: 36445832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, we demonstrate ligand design concepts that significantly improve the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of a zinc complex; the catalysis is enhanced when two quinol groups are present in the polydentate ligand. We investigate the mechanism through which the quinols influence the catalysis and determine the impact of entirely removing a chelating group from the original hexadentate ligand. Our results suggest that SOD mimicry with these compounds requires a ligand that coordinates Zn(II) strongly in both its oxidized and reduced forms and that the activity proceeds through Zn(II)-semiquinone complexes. The complex with two quinols displays greatly enhanced catalytic ability, with the activity improving by as much as 450% over a related complex with a single quinol. In the reduced form of the diquinol complex, one quinol appears to coordinate to the zinc much more weakly than the other. We believe that superoxide can more readily displace this portion of the ligand, facilitating its coordination to the metal center and thereby hastening the SOD reactivity. Despite the presence of two redox-active groups that may communicate through intramolecular hydrogen bonding and redox tautomerism, only one quinol undergoes two-electron oxidation to a para-quinone during the catalysis. After the formation of the para-quinone, the remaining quinol deprotonates and binds tightly to the metal, ensuring that the complex remains intact in its oxidized state, thereby maintaining its catalytic ability. The Zn(II) complex with the diquinol ligand is highly unusual for a SOD mimic in that it performs more efficiently in phosphate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Julian Oppelt
- Department Chemie, Ludwig- Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München81377, Germany
| | - Laura Senft
- Department Chemie, Ludwig- Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München81377, Germany
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department Chemie, Ludwig- Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München81377, Germany
| | - Andreas Scheitler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen91508, Germany
| | - Meghan W Dukes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Haley B Alix
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Alexander C Saunders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Sana Karbalaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Dean D Schwartz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | | | - Christian R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
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9
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Hsieh CY, Chang WC, Lin CC, Chen JH, Lin CY, Liu CH, Lin C, Hung MC. Combination treatment of arsenic trioxide and osimertinib in recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5049-5061. [PMID: 36504903 PMCID: PMC9729903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents an advanced stage of the disease and frequently shows resistance to these current treatments, including platinum chemotherapy, cetuximab plus chemotherapy, and checkpoint inhibitors. EGFR overexpression and TP53 mutation are the most frequent genetic changes in patients with HNSCC. On the basis of this genetic feature, we proposed a combinatorial treatment using the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinib (AZD) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) for compassionate use. The patient obtained treatment response and progression-free survival for about six months. In vitro mechanical verifications showed that ATO and AZD combination (ATO/AZD) significantly increased intracellular ROS levels and DNA damage. Additionally, ATO/AZD decreases the expression and activity of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), thereby impairing Rad51 recruitment to DNA double-strand lesion for repair and may ultimately cause tumor cell death. In conclusion, this study provides a concrete experience and an alternate strategy of ATO/AZD therapy for patients with R/M HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chan Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chen Lin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan,Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
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10
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Tang H, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Xu W. ROS-Responsive and pH-Sensitive Aminothiols Dual-Prodrug for Radiation Enteritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112145. [PMID: 36358517 PMCID: PMC9686648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure can immediately trigger a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce severe cell death and long-term tissue damage. Therefore, instantaneous release of sufficient radioprotective drugs is vital to neutralize those accumulated ROS in IR-exposed areas. To achieve this goal, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a novel oral ROS-responsive radioprotective compound (M1) with high biocompatibility and efficient ROS-scavenging ability to act as a promising oral drug for radiation protection. The compound is stably present in acidic environments and is hydrolyzed in the intestine to form active molecules rich in thiols. M1 can significantly remove cellular ROS and reduce DNA damage induced by γ-ray radiation. An in vivo experiment showed that oral administration of M1 effectively alleviates acute radiation-induced intestinal injury. Immunohistochemical staining showed that M1 improved cell proliferation, reduced cell apoptosis, and enhanced the epithelial integrity of intestinal crypts. This study provides a promising oral ROS-sensitive agent for acute intestinal radiation syndrome.
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11
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Protective effects of Dioscorea polystachya ethanol extracts against lead acetate-induced oxidative DNA damage in MRC-5 cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Anik MI, Mahmud N, Masud AA, Khan MI, Islam MN, Uddin S, Hossain MK. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4028-4054. [PMID: 36043942 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aging process has advanced significantly over the last two decades. In light of recent findings, ROS takes part in the aging process of cells along with contributing to various physiological signaling pathways. Antioxidants being cells' natural defense mechanism against ROS-mediated alteration, play an imperative role to maintain intracellular ROS homeostasis. Although the complete understanding of the ROS regulated aging process is yet to be fully comprehended, current insights into various sources of cellular ROS and their correlation with the aging process and age-related diseases are portrayed in this review. In addition, results on the effect of antioxidants on ROS homeostasis and the aging process as well as their advances in clinical trials are also discussed in detail. The future perspective in ROS-antioxidant dynamics on antiaging research is also marshaled to provide future directions for ROS-mediated antiaging research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzahidul I Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Niaz Mahmud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Masud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ishak Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Md Nurul Islam
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Shihab Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - M Khalid Hossain
- Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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13
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Lorente L, Rodriguez ST, Sanz P, González-Rivero AF, Pérez-Cejas A, Padilla J, Díaz D, González A, Martín MM, Jiménez A, Cerro P, Portero J, Barrera MA. DNA and RNA oxidative damage in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and mortality during the first year of liver transplantation. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1182-1189. [PMID: 35978670 PMCID: PMC9258248 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i6.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage of DNA and RNA has been associated with mortality of patients with different diseases. However, there is no published data on the potential use of DNA and RNA oxidative damage to predict the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing liver transplantation (LT).
AIM To determine whether patients with increased DNA and RNA oxidative damage prior to LT for HCC have a poor LT prognosis.
METHODS Patients with HCC who underwent LT were included in this observational and retrospective study. Serum levels of all three oxidized guanine species (OGS) were measured prior to LT since guanine is the nucleobase that forms DNA and RNA most prone to oxidation. LT mortality at 1 year was the end-point study.
RESULTS Surviving patients (n = 101) showed lower serum OGS levels (P = 0.01) and lower age of the liver donor (P = 0.03) than non-surviving patients (n = 13). An association between serum OGS levels prior to LT and 1-year LT (odds ratio = 2.079; 95% confidence interval = 1.356-3.189; P = 0.001) was found in the logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSION The main new finding was that high serum OGS concentration prior to LT was associated with the mortality 1 year after LT in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Department ofIntensive Care, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sergio T Rodriguez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Pablo Sanz
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Pérez-Cejas
- Department of Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain
| | - Javier Padilla
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Dácil Díaz
- Department of Digestive, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Antonio González
- Department of Digestive, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain
| | - Purificación Cerro
- Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Julián Portero
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Manuel A Barrera
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
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Antunes KA, Monteiro-Alfredo T, Cunha JSM, Espindola PPT, Oliveira AS, Ramalho de Oliveira CF, de Carvalho JTG, Domingues NLC, Silva DB, Olinto SCF, dos Santos EL, de Picoli Souza K. Spondias purpurea L. Bark Extract Protects against Oxidative Stress and Reduces Hypercholesterolemia in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3046483. [PMID: 35401919 PMCID: PMC8989600 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3046483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the initiation and progression of metabolic diseases, including obesity. Preventing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to macromolecules is a beneficial strategy for reducing comorbidities associated with obesity. Fruits from the Spondias genus are known for their antioxidant activity, but they are not available year-round due to their seasonality. In this context, we investigated the antioxidant activity and identified the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. (EBSp). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of EBSp consumption on metabolic parameters in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Chemical analyses revealed 19 annotated compounds from EBSp, including flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, methoxylated coumarin, and gallic and ellagic acids, besides other phenolic compounds. In vitro, EBSp showed antioxidant activity through the scavenging of the free radicals and the protection of macromolecules against oxidative damage. Cellular assays revealed that EBSp reduced the levels of malondialdehyde produced by erythrocytes exposed to the oxidizing agent AAPH. Flow cytometry studies showed that EBSp reduced reactive oxygen species levels in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with hydrogen peroxide. Obese mice treated with EBSp (400 mg.kg-1) for 60 days showed reduced levels of malondialdehyde in the heart, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. The total cholesterol levels in mice treated with EBSp reached levels similar to those after treatment with the drug simvastatin. Together, the results show that the combination of the different phenolic compounds in S. purpurea L. bark promotes antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo, resulting in cytoprotection in the context of oxidative stress associated with obesity and a reduction in hypercholesterolemia. From a clinical perspective, the reduction in oxidative stress in obese individuals contributes to the reduction in the emergence of comorbidities associated with this metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia A. Antunes
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Tamaeh Monteiro-Alfredo
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila P. T. Espindola
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Alex S. Oliveira
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Caio F. Ramalho de Oliveira
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - José Tarcísio G. de Carvalho
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Nelson L. C. Domingues
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Denise B. Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Silvia C. F. Olinto
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Edson L. dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
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15
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Tolouee M, Hendriks KDW, Lie FF, Gartzke LP, Goris M, Hoogstra-Berends F, Bergink S, Henning RH. Cooling of Cells and Organs Confers Extensive DNA Strand Breaks Through Oxidative Stress and ATP Depletion. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221108705. [PMID: 35808831 PMCID: PMC9272479 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221108705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooling at 4°C is routinely used to lower metabolism and preserve cell and tissue integrity in laboratory and clinical settings, including organ transplantation. However, cooling and rewarming produce cell damage, attributed primarily to a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon rewarming. While DNA represents a highly vulnerable target of ROS, it is unknown whether cooling and/or rewarming produces DNA damage. Here, we show that cooling alone suffices to produce extensive DNA damage in cultured primary cells and cell lines, including double-strand breaks (DSBs), as shown by comet assay and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Cooling-induced DSB formation is time- and temperature-dependent and coincides with an excess production of ROS, rather than a decrease in ATP levels. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that DNA damage activates the DNA damage response marked by the formation of nuclear foci of proteins involved in DSB repair, γ-H2Ax, and 53BP1. Subsequent rewarming for 24 h fails to recover ATP levels and only marginally lowers DSB amounts and nuclear foci. Precluding ROS formation by dopamine and the hydroxychromanol, Sul-121, dose-dependently reduces DSBs. Finally, a standard clinical kidney transplant procedure, using cold static storage in UW preservation solution up to 24 h in porcine kidney, lowered ATP, increased ROS, and produced increasing amounts of DSBs with recruitment of 53BP1. Given that DNA repair is erroneous by nature, cooling-inflicted DNA damage may affect cell survival, proliferation, and genomic stability, significantly impacting cellular and organ function, with relevance in stem cell and transplantation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Tolouee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen D W Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fia Fia Lie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lucas P Gartzke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Goris
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Hoogstra-Berends
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems (BSCS), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Hydrogen-Rich Water Improves Cognitive Ability and Induces Antioxidative, Antiapoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in an Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9956938. [PMID: 34746315 PMCID: PMC8566066 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9956938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischemia and its reperfusion injury facilitate serious neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia due to cell death; however, there is currently no treatment for it. Reactive oxygen species is one of the many factors that induce and worsen the development of such diseases, and it can be targeted by hydrogen treatment. This study examined the effect of molecular hydrogen in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is emerging as a novel therapeutic agent for various diseases. Methods Ischemia-reperfusion injury was generated through bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in C57BL/6 mice. The test group received hydrogen-rich water orally during the test period. To confirm model establishment and the effect of hydrogen treatment, behavioural tests, biochemical assays, immunofluorescence microscopy, and cytokine assays were conducted. Results Open field and novel object recognition tests revealed that the hydrogen-treated group had improved cognitive function and anxiety levels compared to the nontreated group, while hematoxylin and eosin stain showed abundant pyknotic cells in a model mouse brain, and this was attenuated in the hydrogen-treated mouse brain. Total antioxidant capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assays revealed that hydrogen treatment induced antioxidative effects in the mouse brain. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed attenuated apoptosis in the striatum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus of hydrogen-treated mice. Western blotting showed that hydrogen treatment reduced Bax and TNFα levels. Finally, cytokine assays showed that IL-2 and IL-10 levels significantly differed between the hydrogen-treated and nontreated groups. Conclusion Hydrogen treatment could potentially be a future therapeutic strategy for ischemia and its derived neurodegenerative diseases by improving cognitive abilities and inducing antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects. Hydrogen treatment also decreased Bax and TNFα levels and induced an anti-inflammatory response via regulation of IL-2 and IL-10. These results will serve as a milestone for future studies intended to reveal the mechanism of action of molecular hydrogen in neurodegenerative diseases.
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17
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Gómez X, Sanon S, Zambrano K, Asquel S, Bassantes M, Morales JE, Otáñez G, Pomaquero C, Villarroel S, Zurita A, Calvache C, Celi K, Contreras T, Corrales D, Naciph MB, Peña J, Caicedo A. Key points for the development of antioxidant cocktails to prevent cellular stress and damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during manned space missions. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 34556658 PMCID: PMC8460669 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity and ionizing radiation during spaceflight missions causes excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that contributes to cellular stress and damage in astronauts. Average spaceflight mission time is expected to lengthen as humanity aims to visit other planets. However, longer missions or spaceflights will undoubtedly lead to an increment in microgravity, ionizing radiation and ROS production. Strategies to minimize ROS damage are necessary to maintain the health of astronauts, future space colonists, and tourists during and after spaceflight missions. An antioxidant cocktail formulated to prevent or mitigate ROS damage during space exploration could help maintain the health of space explorers. We propose key points to consider when developing an antioxidant cocktail. We discuss how ROS damages our body and organs, the genetic predisposition of astronauts to its damage, characteristics and evidence of the effectiveness of antioxidants to combat excess ROS, differences in drug metabolism when on Earth and in space that could modify antioxidant effects, and the characteristics and efficacy of common antioxidants. Based on this information we propose a workflow for assessing astronaut resistance to ROS damage, infight monitoring of ROS production, and an antioxidant cocktail. Developing an antioxidant cocktail represents a big challenge to translate current medical practices from an Earth setting to space. The key points presented in this review could promote the development of different antioxidant formulations to maintain space explorers' health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Gómez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Serena Sanon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Samira Asquel
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mariuxi Bassantes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Julián E Morales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Otáñez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Core Pomaquero
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sarah Villarroel
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alejandro Zurita
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Calvache
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kathlyn Celi
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Terry Contreras
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dylan Corrales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Belén Naciph
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Peña
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador.
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador.
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador.
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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18
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Cinobufagin-induced DNA damage response activates G 2/M checkpoint and apoptosis to cause selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:446. [PMID: 34425836 PMCID: PMC8381584 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Processed extracts from toad skin and parotoid gland have long been used to treat various illnesses including cancer in many Asian countries. Recent studies have uncovered a family of bufadienolides as the responsible pharmacological compounds, and the two major molecules, cinobufagin and bufalin, have been shown to possess robust antitumor activity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry, and DNA damage was analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and the alkaline comet assay. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT as well as colony formation assays, and cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, apoptosis was further characterized by TUNEL and mitochondrial membrane potential assays. Results Here we showed that sublethal doses of cinobufagin suppressed the viability of many cancer but not noncancerous cell lines. This tumor-selective cytotoxicity was preceded by a rapid, cancer-specific increase in cellular ROS and was significantly reduced by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), indicating oxidative stress as the primary source of cinobufagin-induced cancer cell toxicity. Sublethal cinobufagin-induced ROS overload resulted in oxidative DNA damage and intense replication stress in cancer cells, leading to strong DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Subsequent phosphorylation of CDC25C and stabilization of p53 downstream of DDR resulted in activation of the G2/M checkpoint followed by induction of apoptosis. These data indicate that cinobufagin suppresses cancer cell viability via DDR-mediated G2 arrest and apoptosis. Conclusion As elevated oxidative pressure is shared by most cancer cells that renders them sensitive to further oxidative insult, these studies suggest that nontoxic doses of cinobufagin can be used to exploit a cancer vulnerability for induction of cancer-specific cytotoxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary materials available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02150-0.
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19
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Lorente L, Martín MM, González-Rivero AF, Pérez-Cejas A, Abreu-González P, Sabatel R, Ramos L, Argueso M, Cáceres JJ, Solé-Violán J, Jiménez A, García-Marín V. High Serum DNA and RNA Oxidative Damage in Non-surviving Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2021; 33:90-96. [PMID: 31598840 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE One study found higher leukocytes 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) than in healthy subjects due to the oxidation of guanosine from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between oxidative damage of serum DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) and mortality in patients with ICH. METHODS In this observational and prospective study, patients with severe supratentorial ICH (defined as Glasgow Coma Scale < 9) were included from six Intensive Care Units of Spanish hospitals. At the time of severe ICH diagnosis, concentrations in serum of malondialdehyde (as lipid peroxidation biomarker) and of the three oxidized guanine species (OGS) (8-hydroxyguanosine from RNA, 8-hydroxyguanine from DNA or RNA, and 8-OHdG from DNA) were determined. Thirty-day mortality was considered the end-point study. RESULTS Serum levels of OGS (p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (p = 0.002) were higher in non-surviving (n = 46) than in surviving patients (n = 54). There was an association of serum OGS levels with serum malondialdehyde levels (rho = 0.36; p = 0.001) and 30-day mortality (OR = 1.568; 95% CI 1.183-2.078; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The novel and most important finding of our study was that serum OGS levels in ICH patients are associated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Crta del Rosario s/n, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Agustín F González-Rivero
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonia Pérez-Cejas
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Abreu-González
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the La Laguna, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rafael Sabatel
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis Ramos
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General La Palma, Buenavista de Arriba s/n, Breña Alta, 38713, La Palma, Spain
| | - Mónica Argueso
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda, Blasco Ibáñez no. 17-19, 46004, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Cáceres
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Insular, Plaza Dr, Pasteur s/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jordi Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35010, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Victor García-Marín
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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20
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Senft L, Moore JL, Franke A, Fisher KR, Scheitler A, Zahl A, Puchta R, Fehn D, Ison S, Sader S, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Quinol-containing ligands enable high superoxide dismutase activity by modulating coordination number, charge, oxidation states and stability of manganese complexes throughout redox cycling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10483-10500. [PMID: 34447541 PMCID: PMC8356818 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02465e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivity assays previously suggested that two quinol-containing MRI contrast agent sensors for H2O2, [Mn(H2qp1)(MeCN)]2+ and [Mn(H4qp2)Br2], could also catalytically degrade superoxide. Subsequently, [Zn(H2qp1)(OTf)]+ was found to use the redox activity of the H2qp1 ligand to catalyze the conversion of O2˙− to O2 and H2O2, raising the possibility that the organic ligand, rather than the metal, could serve as the redox partner for O2˙− in the manganese chemistry. Here, we use stopped-flow kinetics and cryospray-ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) analysis of the direct reactions between the manganese-containing contrast agents and O2˙− to confirm the activity and elucidate the catalytic mechanism. The obtained data are consistent with the operation of multiple parallel catalytic cycles, with both the quinol groups and manganese cycling through different oxidation states during the reactions with superoxide. The choice of ligand impacts the overall charges of the intermediates and allows us to visualize complementary sets of intermediates within the catalytic cycles using CSI-MS. With the diquinolic H4qp2, we detect Mn(iii)-superoxo intermediates with both reduced and oxidized forms of the ligand, a Mn(iii)-hydroperoxo compound, and what is formally a Mn(iv)-oxo species with the monoquinolate/mono-para-quinone form of H4qp2. With the monoquinolic H2qp1, we observe a Mn(ii)-superoxo ↔ Mn(iii)-peroxo intermediate with the oxidized para-quinone form of the ligand. The observation of these species suggests inner-sphere mechanisms for O2˙− oxidation and reduction that include both the ligand and manganese as redox partners. The higher positive charges of the complexes with the reduced and oxidized forms of H2qp1 compared to those with related forms of H4qp2 result in higher catalytic activity (kcat ∼ 108 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.4) that rivals those of the most active superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. The manganese complex with H2qp1 is markedly more stable in water than other highly active non-porphyrin-based and even some Mn(ii) porphyrin-based SOD mimics. Manganese complexes with polydentate quinol-containing ligands are found to catalyze the degradation of superoxide through inner-sphere mechanisms. The redox activity of the ligand stabilizes higher-valent manganese species.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Katherine R Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Scheitler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Achim Zahl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sidney Ison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Safaa Sader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
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21
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Eftekhari A, Fortenberry CF, Williams BJ, Walker MJ, Dang A, Pfaff A, Ercal N, Morrison GC. Continuous measurement of reactive oxygen species inside and outside of a residential house during summer. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1199-1216. [PMID: 33484190 PMCID: PMC8396106 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important contributor to adverse health effects associated with ambient air pollution. Despite infiltration of ROS from outdoors, and possible indoor sources (eg, combustion), there are limited data available on indoor ROS. In this study, part of the second phase of Air Composition and Reactivity from Outdoor aNd Indoor Mixing campaign (ACRONIM-2), we constructed and deployed an online, continuous, system to measure extracellular gas- and particle-phase ROS during summer in an unoccupied residence in St. Louis, MO, USA. Over a period of one week, we observed that the non-denuded outdoor ROS (representing particle-phase ROS and some gas-phase ROS) concentration ranged from 1 to 4 nmol/m3 (as H2 O2 ). Outdoor concentrations were highest in the afternoon, coincident with peak photochemistry periods. The indoor concentrations of particle-phase ROS were nearly equal to outdoor concentrations, regardless of window-opening status or air exchange rates. The indoor/outdoor ratio of non-denuded ROS (I/OROS ) was significantly less than 1 with windows open and even lower with windows closed. Combined, these observations suggest that gas-phase ROS are efficiently removed by interior building surfaces and that there may be an indoor source of particle-phase ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Eftekhari
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claire F. Fortenberry
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brent J. Williams
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J. Walker
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Audrey Dang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Annalise Pfaff
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Glenn C. Morrison
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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22
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Association Between DNA and RNA Oxidative Damage and Mortality of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2021; 32:790-795. [PMID: 31385181 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-019-00800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyperoxidative state in traumatic brain injury (TBI) could produce oxidative damage on the ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Oxidative damage to nucleic acids in TBI patients has been studied, and higher concentrations of 8-OHdG were found in postmortem brain samples of subjects who died following TBI than in subjects who died from sudden cardiac death. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between serum DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality in TBI patients. METHODS We included patients with severe isolated TBI defined as a lower score than 9 points in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and lower than 9 points in non-cranial aspects in the Injury Severity Score. We determined serum concentrations of the three oxidized guanine species (OGS) (8-OHdG from DNA, 8-hydroxyguanosine from RNA, and 8-hydroxyguanine from DNA or RNA) and malondialdehyde (to estimate lipid peroxidation) on the day of TBI. Mortality at 30 days was the end-point study. RESULTS We found higher serum concentrations of OGS (p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (p < 0.001) in non-surviving (n = 34) than in surviving patients (n = 90), an association between serum OGS levels and 30-day mortality after control for CGS, age, and computed tomography findings (OR = 1.397; 95% CI = 1.137-1.716; p = 0.001), and a positive correlation between serum levels of OGS and malondialdehyde (rho = 0.24; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, our study is the largest series reporting data on DNA oxidative damage in TBI patients and is the first reporting DNA and RNA oxidative damage in TBI patients associating lipid peroxidation and mortality.
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23
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Czekala L, Chapman F, Simms L, Rudd K, Trelles Sticken E, Wieczorek R, Bode LM, Pani J, Moelijker N, Derr R, Brandsma I, Hendriks G, Stevenson M, Walele T. The in vitro ToxTracker and Aneugen Clastogen Evaluation extension assay as a tool in the assessment of relative genotoxic potential of e-liquids and their aerosols. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:129-142. [PMID: 33769537 PMCID: PMC8166346 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro (geno)toxicity assessment of electronic vapour products (EVPs), relative to conventional cigarette, currently uses assays, including the micronucleus and Ames tests. Whilst informative on induction of a finite endpoint and relative risk posed by test articles, such assays could benefit from mechanistic supplementation. The ToxTracker and Aneugen Clastogen Evaluation analysis can indicate the activation of reporters associated with (geno)toxicity, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, the p53-related stress response and protein damage. Here, we tested for the different effects of a selection of neat e-liquids, EVP aerosols and Kentucky reference 1R6F cigarette smoke samples in the ToxTracker assay. The assay was initially validated to assess whether a mixture of e-liquid base components, propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerine (VG) had interfering effects within the system. This was achieved by spiking three positive controls into the system with neat PG/VG or phosphate-buffered saline bubbled (bPBS) PG/VG aerosol (nicotine and flavour free). PG/VG did not greatly affect responses induced by the compounds. Next, when compared to cigarette smoke samples, neat e-liquids and bPBS aerosols (tobacco flavour; 1.6% freebase nicotine, 1.6% nicotine salt or 0% nicotine) exhibited reduced and less complex responses. Tested up to a 10% concentration, EVP aerosol bPBS did not induce any ToxTracker reporters. Neat e-liquids, tested up to 1%, induced oxidative stress reporters, thought to be due to their effects on osmolarity in vitro. E-liquid nicotine content did not affect responses induced. Additionally, spiking nicotine alone only induced an oxidative stress response at a supraphysiological level. In conclusion, the ToxTracker assay is a quick, informative screen for genotoxic potential and mechanisms of a variety of (compositionally complex) samples, derived from cigarettes and EVPs. This assay has the potential for future application in the assessment battery for next-generation (smoking alternative) products, including EVPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Czekala
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Fiona Chapman
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Liam Simms
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathryn Rudd
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Edgar Trelles Sticken
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-Einstein-Ring-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roman Wieczorek
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-Einstein-Ring-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Maria Bode
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-Einstein-Ring-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Pani
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, an Imperial Brands PLC Company, Albert-Einstein-Ring-7, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nynke Moelijker
- Toxys B.V., Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Derr
- Toxys B.V., Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Toxys B.V., Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Hendriks
- Toxys B.V., Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Stevenson
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
| | - Tanvir Walele
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, UK
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24
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Li L, Zeng Q, Xue N, Wu M, Liang Y, Xu Q, Feng L, Xing S, Chen S. A Nomogram Based on Aspartate Aminotransferase/Alanine Aminotransferase (AST/ALT) Ratio to Predict Prognosis After Surgery in Gastric Cancer Patients. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820954458. [PMID: 32959672 PMCID: PMC7513419 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820954458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using the TMN classification alone to predict survival in patients with gastric cancer has certain limitations, we conducted this study was to develop an effective nomogram based on aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio to predict overall survival (OS) in surgically treated gastric cancer. METHODS we retrospectively analyzed 190 cases of gastric cancer and used Cox regression analysis to identify the significant prognostic factors for OS in patients with resectable gastric cancer. The predictive accuracy of nomogram was assessed using a calibration plot, concordance index (C-index) and decision curve. This was then compared with a traditional TNM staging system. Based on the total points (TPS) by nomogram, we further divided patients into different risk groups. RESULTS multivariate analysis of the entire cohort revealed that independent risk factors for survival were age, clinical stage and AST/ALT ratio, which were entered then into the nomogram. The calibration curve for the probability of OS showed that the nomogram-based predictions were in good agreement with actual observations. Additionally, the C-index of the established nomogram for predicting OS had a superior discrimination power compared to the TNM staging system [0.794 (95% CI: 0.749-0.839) vs 0.730 (95% CI: 0.688-0.772), p < 0.05]. Decision curve also demonstrated that the nomogram was better than the TNM staging system. Based on TPS of the nomogram, we further subdivided the study cohort into 3 groups including low risk (TPS ≤ 158), middle risk (158 < TPS ≤ 188) and high risk (TPS > 188) categories. The differences in OS rate were significant among the groups. CONCLUSION the established nomogram is associated with a more accurate prognostic prediction for individual patients with resectable gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 71067Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyao Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 71067Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 377327Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miantao Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 71067Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqing Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 71067Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 377327Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingmin Feng
- Jia Yuan Medical Reagent Co Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 71067Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, 71067Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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25
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Bhartiya A, Batey D, Cipiccia S, Shi X, Rau C, Botchway S, Yusuf M, Robinson IK. X-ray Ptychography Imaging of Human Chromosomes After Low-dose Irradiation. Chromosome Res 2021; 29:107-126. [PMID: 33786705 PMCID: PMC8328905 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-021-09660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the structural and functional role of chromosomes in cytogenetics have spanned more than 10 decades. In this work, we take advantage of the coherent X-rays available at the latest synchrotron sources to extract the individual masses of all 46 chromosomes of metaphase human B and T cells using hard X-ray ptychography. We have produced 'X-ray karyotypes' of both heavy metal-stained and unstained spreads to determine the gain or loss of genetic material upon low-level X-ray irradiation doses due to radiation damage. The experiments were performed at the I-13 beamline, Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK, using the phase-sensitive X-ray ptychography method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bhartiya
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College, London, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College, London, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Darren Batey
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Xiaowen Shi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Physics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | | | | | - Mohammed Yusuf
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College, London, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ian K Robinson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College, London, UK.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
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Pomothy JM, Gatt K, Jerzsele Á, Gere EP. The impact of quercetin on a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line exposed to deoxynivalenol. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 68:380-386. [PMID: 33625383 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (Que) is present in many vegetables and fruits as a secondary antioxidant metabolite. Deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by various Fusarium mould species can induce cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and farm animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Que on DON-induced oxidative stress in a non-tumourigenic porcine IPEC-J2 cell line. Two experimental designs were used in our experiments as follows: (a) pretreatment with 20 µmol/L Que for 24 h followed by 1-h 1 µmol/L DON treatment and (b) simultaneous application of 20 µmol/L Que and 1 µmol/L DON for 1 h. Cell cytotoxicity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of cell monolayers and extracellular/intracellular redox status were studied. It was found that DON significantly decreased TER and triggered oxidative stress, while Que pretreatments were beneficial in maintaining the integrity of the monolayers and alleviated oxidative stress. However, co-treatment with Que was unable to preserve the integrity and redox balance of the cells exposed to DON. These results indicate that only the 24-h preincubation of cells with 20 µmol/L Que was beneficial in compensating for the disruption caused by DON in extracellular oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Mercédesz Pomothy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katrina Gatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Pászti Gere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Lorente L, Martín MM, González-Rivero AF, Pérez-Cejas A, Cáceres JJ, Perez A, Ramos-Gómez L, Solé-Violán J, Marcos Y Ramos JA, Ojeda N, Jiménez A. DNA and RNA Oxidative Damage and Mortality of Patients With COVID-19. Am J Med Sci 2021; 361:585-590. [PMID: 33600784 PMCID: PMC7884223 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) oxidative damage is associated with mortality of patients with different diseases. However, there are no data about DNA and RNA oxidative damage from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore DNA and RNA oxidative damage in surviving and non-surviving COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods Eight Intensive Care Units from 6 hospitals in the Canary Islands (Spain) participated in this prospective and observational study. We recorded the serum levels at ICU admission of the three guanine oxidized species (OGS) because guanine is the nucleobase that forms the DNA and RNA most prone to oxidation. Survival at 30 days was our end-point study. Results Non-surviving (n = 11) compared to surviving patients (n = 42) had higher APACHE-II (p < 0.001), SOFA (p = 0.004) and serum OGS levels (p = 0.001). In logistic regression analyses an association between serum OGS levels and 30-day mortality after controlling for SOFA (OR=2.601; 95% CI=1.305–5.182; p = 0.007) or APACHE-II (OR=2.493; 95% CI=1.274–4.879; p = 0.008) was found. The area under curve (AUC) for mortality prediction by serum OGS levels was 83% (95% CI=70–92%; p < 0.001), by APACHE II was 85% (95% CI=75–96%; p < 0.001), and by SOFA was 80% (95% CI=66–94%; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the AUC between serum OGS levels and SOFA (p = 0.91), and serum OGS levels and APACHE-II (p = 0.64). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting on oxidative DNA and RNA damage in COVID-19 patients, and the main new finding was that serum OGS concentration was associated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Pérez-Cejas
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan J Cáceres
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alina Perez
- Internal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Nazario Ojeda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Nwasike C, Purr E, Yoo E, Nagi JS, Doiron AL. Activatable Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Redox-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Candidates Capable of Detecting Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:69. [PMID: 33467028 PMCID: PMC7829999 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of activatable magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents has prompted significant interest in the detection of functional markers of diseases, resulting in the creation of a plethora of nanoprobes capable of detecting these biomarkers. These markers are commonly dysregulated in several chronic diseases, specifically select cancers and inflammatory diseases. Recently, the development of redox-sensitive nanoparticle-based contrast agents has gained momentum given advances in medicine linking several inflammatory diseases to redox imbalance. Researchers have pinpointed redox dysregulation as an opportunity to use activatable MR contrast agents to detect and stage several diseases as well as monitor the treatment of inflammatory diseases or conditions. These new classes of agents represent an advancement in the field of MR imaging as they elicit a response to stimuli, creating contrast while providing evidence of biomarker changes and commensurate disease state. Most redox-sensitive nanoparticle-based contrast agents are sensitive to reductive glutathione or oxidative reactive oxygen species. In this review, we will explore recent investigations into redox-activatable, nanoparticle-based MR contrast agent candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuazam Nwasike
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Erin Purr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Eunsoo Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Jaspreet Singh Nagi
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Amber L. Doiron
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
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29
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Chang M, Wang H, Niu J, Song Y, Zou Z. Alkannin-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage Synergizes With PARP Inhibition to Cause Cancer-Specific Cytotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:610205. [PMID: 33519476 PMCID: PMC7844861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.610205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncogenic transformation is associated with elevated oxidative stress that promotes tumor progression but also renders cancer cells vulnerable to further oxidative insult. Agents that stimulate ROS generation or suppress antioxidant systems can drive oxidative pressure to toxic levels selectively in tumor cells, resulting in oxidative DNA damage to endanger cancer cell survival. However, DNA damage response signaling protects cancer cells by activating DNA repair and genome maintenance mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of combining the pro-oxidative natural naphthoquinone alkannin with inhibition of DNA repair by PARP inhibitors. Methods and Results: The results showed that sublethal doses of alkannin induced ROS elevation and oxidative DNA damage in colorectal cancer but not normal colon epithelial cells. Blocking DNA repair with the PARP inhibitor olaparib markedly synergized with alkannin to yield synergistic cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells at nontoxic doses of both drugs. Synergy between alkannin and olaparib resulted from interrupted repair of alkannin-induced oxidative DNA damage and PARP-trapping, as it was significantly attenuated by NAC or by OGG1 inhibition and the non-trapping PARP inhibitor veliparib did not yield synergism. Mechanistically, the combination of alkannin and olaparib caused intense replication stress and DNA strand breaks in colorectal cancer cells, leading to apoptotic cancer cell death after G2 arrest. Consequently, coadministration of alkannin and olaparib induced significant regression of tumor xenografts in vivo, while each agent alone had no effect. Conclusion: These studies clearly show that combining alkannin and olaparib can result in synergistic cancer cell lethality at nontoxic doses of the drugs. The combination exploits a cancer vulnerability driven by the intrinsic oxidative pressure in most cancer cells and hence provides a promising strategy to develop broad-spectrum anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongge Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajing Niu
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihua Zou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Paredes SD, Kim S, Rooney MT, Greenwood AI, Hristova K, Cotten ML. Enhancing the membrane activity of Piscidin 1 through peptide metallation and the presence of oxidized lipid species: Implications for the unification of host defense mechanisms at lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Michaličková D, Šíma M, Slanař O. New insights in the mechanisms of impaired redox signaling and its interplay with inflammation and immunity in multiple sclerosis. Physiol Res 2020; 69:1-19. [PMID: 31852206 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to demyelination and axonal damage and resulting in a range of physical, mental or even psychiatric symptoms. Key role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of MS has been suggested, as indicated by the biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples, tissue homogenates, and animal models of multiple sclerosis. OS causes demyelination and neurodegeneration directly, by oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA but also indirectly, by inducing a dysregulation of the immunity and favoring the state of pro-inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the interrelated mechanisms of the impaired redox signaling, of which the most important are inflammation-induced production of free radicals by activated immune cells and growth factors, release of iron from myelin sheath during demyelination and mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent energy failure and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Review also provides an overview of the interplay between inflammation, immunity and OS in MS. Finally, this review also points out new potential targets in MS regarding attenuation of OS and inflammatory response in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Michaličková
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Synergistic lethality between PARP-trapping and alantolactone-induced oxidative DNA damage in homologous recombination-proficient cancer cells. Oncogene 2020; 39:2905-2920. [PMID: 32029902 PMCID: PMC7118026 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PARP1 and PARP2 play critical roles in regulating DNA repair and PARP inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian and breast cancers. It has long been known that PARP inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to DNA-damaging cytotoxic agents independent of BRCA status, however, clinical use of PARP inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapy is limited by the more-than-additive cytotoxicity. The natural compound alantolactone (ATL) inhibits the thioredoxin reductase to induce ROS accumulation and oxidative DNA damage selectively in cancer cells. Here, we showed that nontoxic doses of ATL markedly synergized with the PARP inhibitor olaparib to result in synthetic lethality irrespective of homologous recombination status. Synergistic cytotoxicity was seen in cancer but not noncancerous cells and was reduced by the ROS inhibitor NAC or knockdown of OGG1, demonstrating that the cytotoxicity resulted from the repair of ATL-induced oxidative DNA damage. PARP1 knockdown suppressed the synergistic lethality and olaparib was much more toxic than veliparib when combined with ATL, suggesting PARP-trapping as the primary inducer of cytotoxicity. Consistently, combined use of ATL and olaparib caused intense signs of replication stress and formation of double strand DNA breaks, leading to S and G2 arrest followed by apoptosis. In vivo, the combination effectively induced regression of tumor xenografts, while either agent alone had no effect. Hence, PARP trapping combined with specific pro-oxidative agents may provide safe and effective ways to broaden the therapeutic potential of PARP inhibitors.
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Label-free sensing of abasic DNA using pyrenylamido triazolyl aromatic amino acid scaffold as AIE probe. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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34
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Saleem MZ, Nisar MA, Alshwmi M, Din SRU, Gamallat Y, Khan M, Ma T. Brevilin A Inhibits STAT3 Signaling and Induces ROS-Dependent Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:435-450. [PMID: 32021288 PMCID: PMC6970270 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s228702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women across the globe. Despite concerted efforts to improve the prevailing treatment modalities, the overall prognosis of breast cancer remains unsatisfactory. Recently, antiproliferative activity of Brevilin A (Brv-A), a sesquiterpene lactone compound of Centipeda minima, has been unveiled in various cancer types. Here, we have explored anticancer activity of Brv-A in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells by targeting various pathways. Materials and Methods Cell proliferation rate was determined by CCK-8 and clonogenic assay. Cellular morphological changes were observed under phase contrast microscope while calcein-AM and PI was used for live/dead assay. Cell cycle assay was performed by flow cytometry. Apoptotic cell percentage was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis. ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured using commercially available kits while protein expression was measured by Western blotting. Results In our study, Brv-A exerted antiproliferative effect through mitotic arrest at G2/M phase of cell cycle and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Induction of apoptosis by Brv-A was found to be associated with ROS generation by targeting NOX2 and NOX3, mitochondrial dysfunction (MMP dissipation and Bcl-2 family proteins modulation), DNA fragmentation, JNK and p38 MAPK activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing Bip/GRP78, ATF4 and CHOP protein expressions and inhibition of STAT3 activation via decreased phosphorylation of JAK2 and SRC. Pretreatment of NAC, a ROS scavenger, partially reversed the aforesaid cellular events indicating ROS generation as the primary event to modulate cellular targets for induction of apoptosis. Besides, Brv-A has also been documented for inhibition of cell migration via decrease in COX-2 and MMP-2 expression. Conclusion Taken together, Brv-A induces G2/M phase arrest, ROS-dependent apoptosis, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits STAT3 activation in MCF-7 cells signifying it to be one of the potential anticancer therapeutics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Saleem
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Nisar
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammed Alshwmi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Syed Riaz Ud Din
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaser Gamallat
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tonghui Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, People's Republic of China
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Lorente L, Martín MM, González-Rivero AF, Pérez-Cejas A, Abreu-González P, Ramos L, Argueso M, Cáceres JJ, Solé-Violán J, Alvarez-Castillo A, Jiménez A, García-Marín V. DNA and RNA oxidative damage are associated to mortality in patients with cerebral infarction. Med Intensiva 2019; 45:35-41. [PMID: 31492477 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secondary injury due to oxidation may occur during ischemic stroke, possibly leading to oxidative damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Higher blood concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (through the oxidation of guanosine from DNA) have been found in ischemic stroke patients than in healthy subjects, and in patients with versus without post-ischemic stroke depression. The present study was carried out to explore the possible association between serum DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality in patients with cerebral infarction. METHODS A prospective, multicenter observational study was carried out in the Intensive Care Units of 6 Spanish hospitals. We included patients with severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) defined as ischemic changes evidenced by computed tomography in more than 50% of the middle cerebral artery territory and a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS)<9. Serum concentrations of the three oxidized guanine species (OGS) (8-hydroxyguanine from DNA or RNA, 8-hydroxyguanosine from RNA, and 8-OHdG from DNA) on the day of MMCAI diagnosis were determined. The study endpoint was 30-day mortality. RESULTS We found higher serum OGS levels (p<0.001) in non-surviving (n=34) than in surviving patients (n=34). Logistic regression analyses showed serum OGS levels to be associated to 30-day mortality controlling for lactic acid, GCS and platelet count (OR=1.568; 95%CI=1.131-2.174; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS The novel observation in this study is the association between global serum OGS concentration and mortality in ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - M M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Crta del Rosario s/n, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - A F González-Rivero
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Pérez-Cejas
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Tenerife, Spain
| | - P Abreu-González
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the La Laguna, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Ramos
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General La Palma, Buenavista de Arriba s/n, Breña Alta, La Palma 38713, Spain
| | - M Argueso
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez n°17-19, Valencia 46004, Spain
| | - J J Cáceres
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Insular, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain
| | - J Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain
| | - A Alvarez-Castillo
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - V García-Marín
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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36
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Association between DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality in septic patients. J Crit Care 2019; 54:94-98. [PMID: 31401543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA and RNA oxidative damage occurs during sepsis. Higher urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels (from oxidation of guanosine from DNA) have been found in non-surviving patients than in surviving septic patients. However, the relation between DNA and RNA oxidative damage and mortality in septic patients has never been published; thus, the objective of this study was to determine the existence of this association. METHODS This prospective and observational study including septic patients was conducted in 8 Spanish Intensive Care Units. Serum concentrations of the three oxidizied guanine species (OGS) (8-OHdG from DNA, 8-hydroxyguanosine from RNA, and 8-hydroxyguanine from DNA or RNA) were determined, and malondialdehyde (to estimate lipid peroxidation) in the diagnosis of sepsis. Mortality at 30 days was the end-point study. RESULTS Non-surviving patients (n = 78) compared to surviving patients (n = 139) showed higher serum concentrations of OGS (p = .004) and malondialdehyde (p < .001). Simultaneously, an association between serum OGS concentrations and mortality in logistic regression analysis was found (OR = 1.105; 95% CI = 1.024-1.193; p = .01), and a positive correlation between serum levels of OGS and malondialdehyde (rho = 0.21; p = .002). CONCLUSIONS The new findings from our study were that oxidative DNA and RNA damage in septic patients was associated with mortality and lipid peroxidation.
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Sadowska J, Dudzińska W, Skotnicka E, Sielatycka K, Daniel I. The Impact of a Diet Containing Sucrose and Systematically Repeated Starvation on the Oxidative Status of the Uterus and Ovary of Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071544. [PMID: 31288457 PMCID: PMC6682934 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a sucrose diet and repeated one-day starvation on oxidative status in the ovary and uterus is still unknown. Our analysis focused on carbohydrate-lipid metabolism parameters and the changes in red blood cells, ovary and uterus superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malonylodialdehyde (MDA) concentration in rats fed with a diet containing 16% of sucrose and subjected to systematic one-day starvation when using such a diet. It was found that a diet with 16% sucrose contributed to the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity in the blood (GPx and CAT) and uterus (SOD), without changes in MDA concentrations, which indicates an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration in these tissues, being balanced by an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. The introduction of a regular one-day starvation period into the diet intensified oxidative stress and led to a redox imbalance in the reproductive tissues of female rats. This was manifested by higher GPx activity, lower CAT activity and higher MDA concentration in the uterus and lower GPx and CAT activities and lower MDA concentration in the ovaries. The observed changes may be the cause of fertility disorders and possible problems with fertilised egg cell implantation into the uterine tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sadowska
- Department of Human Nutrition Physiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Wioleta Dudzińska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Skotnicka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, ul. Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sielatycka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, ul. Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Daniel
- Department of Human Nutrition Physiology, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
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In vivo and in vitro inhibition of osteosarcoma growth by the pan Bcl-2 inhibitor AT-101. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:675-689. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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39
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Tikhomirova AA, Tcyrulnikov NA, Wilson RM. Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and cleaving properties of photochemically activated phenanthrene dihydrodioxin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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40
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Nakayama K, Maeta N, Horiguchi G, Kamiya H, Okada Y. Radical Cation Diels-Alder Reactions by TiO 2 Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:2246-2250. [PMID: 30916982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radical cation Diels-Alder reactions by titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysis in lithium perchlorate/nitromethane solution are described. TiO2 photocatalysis promotes reactions between electron-rich dienes and dienophiles, which would otherwise be difficult to accomplish due to electronic mismatching. The reactions are triggered by hole oxidation of the dienophile and are completed by the excited electron reduction of the radical cation intermediate at the dispersed surface in the absence of any sacrificial substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaii Nakayama
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Naoya Maeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Genki Horiguchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kamiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
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Florean C, Song S, Dicato M, Diederich M. Redox biology of regulated cell death in cancer: A focus on necroptosis and ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:177-189. [PMID: 30639617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Redox changes and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are part of normal cell metabolism. While low ROS levels are implicated in cellular signaling pathways necessary for survival, higher levels play major roles in cancer development as well as cell death signaling and execution. A role for redox changes in apoptosis has been long established; however, several new modalities of regulated cell death have been brought to light, for which the importance of ROS production as well as ROS source and targets are being actively investigated. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of ROS and redox changes in the activation and execution of two major forms of regulated cell death, necroptosis and ferroptosis. We also discuss the potential of using modulators of these two forms of cell death to exacerbate ROS as a promising anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Florean
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sungmi Song
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Liu J, Zhu H, Premnauth G, Earnest KG, Hahn P, Gray G, Queenan JA, Prevette LE, AbdulSalam SF, Kadekaro AL, Merino EJ. UV cell stress induces oxidative cyclization of a protective reagent for DNA damage reduction in skin explants. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:133-138. [PMID: 30605714 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UV irradiation is a major driver of DNA damage and ultimately skin cancer. UV exposure leads to persistent radicals that generate ROS over prolonged periods of time. Toward the goal of developing long-lasting antioxidants that can penetrate skin, we have designed a ROS-initiated protective (RIP) reagent that, upon reaction with ROS (antioxidant activity), self-cyclizes and then releases the natural product apocynin. Apocynin is a known antioxidant and inhibitor of NOX oxidase enzymes. A key phenol on the compound 1 controls ROS-initiated cyclization and makes 1 responsive to ROS with a EC50 comparable to common antioxidants in an ABTS assay. In an in vitro DNA nicking assay, the RIP reagent prevented DNA strand breaks. In cell-based assays, the reagent was not cytotoxic, apocynin was released only in cells treated with UVR, reduced UVR-induced cell death, and lowered DNA lesion formation. Finally, topical treatment of human skin explants with the RIP reagent reduced UV-induced DNA damage as monitored by quantification of cyclobutane dimer formation and DNA repair signaling via TP53. The reagent was more effective than administration of a catalase antioxidant on skin explants. This chemistry platform will expand the types of ROS-activated motifs and enable inhibitor release for potential use as a long-acting sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Haizhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gurdat Premnauth
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kaylin G Earnest
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patricia Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George Gray
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jack A Queenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Lisa E Prevette
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Safnas F AbdulSalam
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Edward J Merino
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Rai P, Sobol RW. Mechanisms of MTH1 inhibition-induced DNA strand breaks: The slippery slope from the oxidized nucleotide pool to genotoxic damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 77:18-26. [PMID: 30852368 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unlike normal tissues, tumor cells possess a propensity for genomic instability, resulting from elevated oxidant levels produced by oncogenic signaling and aberrant cellular metabolism. Thus, targeting mechanisms that protect cancer cells from the tumor-inhibitory consequences of their redox imbalance and spontaneous DNA-damaging events is expected to have broad-spectrum efficacy and a high therapeutic index. One critical mechanism for tumor cell protection from oxidant stress is the hydrolysis of oxidized nucleotides. Human MutT homolog 1 (MTH1), the mammalian nudix (nucleoside diphosphate X) pyrophosphatase (NUDT1), protects tumor cells from oxidative stress-induced genomic DNA damage by cleansing the nucleotide pool of oxidized purine nucleotides. Depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of MTH1 results in genomic DNA strand breaks in many cancer cells. However, the mechanisms underlying how oxidized nucleotides, thought mainly to be mutagenic rather than genotoxic, induce DNA strand breaks are largely unknown. Given the recent therapeutic interest in targeting MTH1, a better understanding of such mechanisms is crucial to its successful translation into the clinic and in identifying the molecular contexts under which its inhibition is likely to be beneficial. Here we provide a comprehensive perspective on MTH1 function and its importance in protecting genome integrity, in the context of tumor-associated oxidative stress and the mechanisms that likely lead to irreparable DNA strand breaks as a result of MTH1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Division of Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, 33136, United States.
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL, 36604, United States.
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Tikhomirova AA, Tcyrulnikov NA, Wilson RM. Aerobic Oxidation of in Situ Generated Cyanine Dyes Leading to DNA Damage. Org Lett 2019; 21:1449-1452. [PMID: 30763104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage induced by noncatalytic aerobic oxidation of pyridinocyanine dyes is described. The dyes are generated in situ during spontaneous oxidations of tetrakis- and bis( N-methylpyridin-4-ium)alkane salts. The mechanism of aerobic oxidation of the latter compound is proposed, and a rare direct catalyst-free transition from saturated alkane to a gem-diol is demonstrated. Thermal DNA oxidation by cyanine dyes has potential in ROS-based cancer treatment and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Tikhomirova
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - Nikolai A Tcyrulnikov
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - R Marshall Wilson
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Chemistry Department , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
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A Null B-Ring Improves the Antioxidant Levels of Flavonol: A Comparative Study between Galangin and 3,5,7-Trihydroxychromone. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123083. [PMID: 30486289 PMCID: PMC6321095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the role of the B-ring in antioxidant flavonols, we performed a comparative study between galangin with a null B-ring and 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone without a B-ring using five spectrophotometric assays, namely, •O₂--scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•)-scavenging, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide radical-scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging, and Fe3+-reducing activity. The DPPH•-scavenging reaction products of these assays were further analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology. In the five spectrophotometric assays, galangin and 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone dose-dependently increased their radical-scavenging (or Fe3+-reducing) percentages. However, galangin always gave lower IC50 values than those of 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone. In the UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, galangin yielded galangin-DPPH adduct MS peaks (m/z 662, 434, 301, 227,196, and 151) and galangin-galangin dimer MS peaks (m/z 538, 385, 268, 239, 211, 195, and 151). 3,5,7-Trihydroxychromone, however, only generated m/z 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone-DPPH adduct MS peaks (m/z 586, 539, 227, 196, and 136). In conclusion, both galangin and 3,5,7-trihydroxychromone could similarly undergo multiple antioxidant pathways, including redox-dependent pathways (such as electron transfer (ET) and ET plus proton transfer (PT)) and a non-redox-dependent radical adduct formation (RAF) pathway; thus, the null B-ring could hardly change their antioxidant pathways. However, it did improve their antioxidant levels in these pathways. Such improvement of the B-ring toward an antioxidant flavonol is associated with its π-π conjugation, which can provide more resonance forms and bonding sites.
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Yuan L, Mishra R, Patel H, Abdulsalam S, Greis KD, Kadekaro AL, Merino EJ, Garrett JT. Utilization of Reactive Oxygen Species Targeted Therapy to Prolong the Efficacy of BRAF Inhibitors in Melanoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:4665-4676. [PMID: 30588251 PMCID: PMC6299399 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF mutations occur in about 50% of melanoma patients. FDA approved BRAF and MEK inhibitors have improved the prognosis of patients with BRAF mutations. However, all responders develop resistance typically within one year of treatment. Recent observations demonstrate that BRAF inhibitors induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in melanoma cells. A100, identified from a library screen, is a ROS-activated prodrug that self-cyclizes into a stable bicyclic ring and causes DNA double strand breaks. We proposed to examine if ROS activated therapy will inhibit tumor growth and evade resistance to BRAF inhibitors. In this study, the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib was used to generate resistant cell lines (A375DR, SK-MEL-24DR and WM-115DR). Flow cytometry experiments showed that ROS levels are increased in these dabrafenib-resistant cells as compared to parental cells, assessed by both the H2DCFDA and MitoSOX assays. Furthermore, we observed that resistant cells had increased levels of the mitochondrial enzymes SOD2 and PRDX1, which function to reduce ROS levels in the mitochondria. We found that A100 sensitized the resistant melanoma cells to dabrafenib and induced DNA damage. Co-treatment of both A100 and dabrafenib significantly suppressed in vitro cell proliferation and three- dimensional (3D) matrigel growth. This study suggests that the combination of A100 with a BRAF inhibitor could be a potential strategy to treat melanoma patients with BRAF mutations.
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Superoxide dismutase activity enabled by a redox-active ligand rather than metal. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1207-1212. [PMID: 30275506 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are integral to many physiological processes. Although their roles are still being elucidated, they seem to be linked to a variety of disorders and may represent promising drug targets. Mimics of superoxide dismutases, which catalyse the decomposition of O2•- to H2O2 and O2, have traditionally used redox-active metals, which are toxic outside of a tightly coordinating ligand. Purely organic antioxidants have also been investigated but generally require stoichiometric, rather than catalytic, doses. Here, we show that a complex of the redox-inactive metal zinc(II) with a hexadentate ligand containing a redox-active quinol can catalytically degrade superoxide, as demonstrated by both reactivity assays and stopped-flow kinetics studies of direct reactions with O2•- and the zinc(II) complex. The observed superoxide dismutase catalysis has an important advantage over previously reported work in that it is hastened, rather than impeded, by the presence of phosphate, the concentration of which is high under physiological conditions.
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Okada Y, Maeta N, Nakayama K, Kamiya H. TiO 2 Photocatalysis in Aromatic "Redox Tag"-Guided Intermolecular Formal [2 + 2] Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4948-4962. [PMID: 29656651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work by Macmillan, Yoon, and Stephenson, homogeneous photoredox catalysis has occupied a central place in new reaction development in the field of organic chemistry. While heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis has also been studied extensively, it has generally been recognized as a redox option in inorganic chemistry where such "photocatalysis" is most often used to catalyze carbon-carbon bond cleavage and not in organic chemistry where bond formation is usually the focal point. Herein, we demonstrate that titanium dioxide photocatalysis is a powerful redox option to construct carbon-carbon bonds by using intermolecular formal [2 + 2] cycloadditions as models. Synergy between excited electrons and holes generated upon irradiation is expected to promote the overall net redox neutral process. Key for the successful application is the use of a lithium perchlorate/nitromethane electrolyte solution, which exhibits remarkable Lewis acidity to facilitate the reactions of carbon-centered radical cations with carbon nucleophiles. The reaction mechanism is reasonably understood based on both intermolecular and intramolecular single electron transfer regulated by an aromatic "redox tag". Most of the reactions were completed in less than 30 min even in aqueous and/or aerobic conditions without the need for sacrificial reducing or oxidizing substrates generally required for homogeneous photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Naoya Maeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Kaii Nakayama
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kamiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
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Tang JY, Huang HW, Wang HR, Chan YC, Haung JW, Shu CW, Wu YC, Chang HW. 4β-Hydroxywithanolide E selectively induces oxidative DNA damage for selective killing of oral cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:295-304. [PMID: 29165875 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction had been previously reported in 4β-hydroxywithanolide (4βHWE)-induced selective killing of oral cancer cells, but the mechanism involving ROS and the DNA damage effect remain unclear. This study explores the role of ROS and oxidative DNA damage of 4βHWE in the selective killing of oral cancer cells. Changes in cell viability, morphology, ROS, DNA double strand break (DSB) signaling (γH2AX foci in immunofluorescence and DSB signaling in western blotting), and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxo-2'deoxyguanosine [8-oxodG]) were detected in 4βHWE-treated oral cancer (Ca9-22) and/or normal (HGF-1) cells. 4βHWE decreased cell viability, changed cell morphology and induced ROS generation in oral cancer cells rather than oral normal cells, which were recovered by a free radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). For immunofluorescence, 4βHWE also accumulated more of the DSB marker, γH2AX foci, in oral cancer cells than in oral normal cells. For western blotting, DSB signaling proteins such as γH2AX and MRN complex (MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1) were overexpressed in 4βHWE-treated oral cancer cells in different concentrations and treatment time. In the formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycolyase (Fpg)-based comet assay and 8-oxodG-based flow cytometry, the 8-oxodG expressions were higher in 4βHWE-treated oral cancer cells than in oral normal cells. All the 4βHWE-induced DSB and oxidative DNA damage to oral cancer cells were recovered by NAC pretreatment. Taken together, the 4βHWE selectively induced DSB and oxidative DNA damage for the ROS-mediated selective killing of oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hurng-Wern Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Wen Haung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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50
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Xiao C, He P, Han J, Tang M, Wang Z, Mi Y, Liu X. 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol evokes inflammation and apoptosis in BV-2 microglia via MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:103-112. [PMID: 29248572 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) is a widely concerned food processing contaminant which has been investigated for decades. While the neurotoxicity of 1,3-DCP and related mechanisms are still elusive. Herein, the effect of 1,3-DCP on neurotoxicity was investigated using BV-2 microglia cells. 1,3-DCP significantly decreased cell viability from 78.6% to 59.2% at doses between 2 and 20 mM. AO/EB and JC-1 staining indicated that 1,3-DCP induced apoptosis by means of the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, western blot showed that 1,3-DCP stimulated inflammation of BV-2 cells through phosphorylation of MAPKs and activation of NF-κB pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the degree of inflammation and apoptosis has eased through MAPKs and NF-κB pathways with cells pretreated by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Overall, these results presented here suggested that 1,3-DCP has neurotoxic effect on BV-2 microglia mainly via MAPKs and NF-κB pathways mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Xiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pandi He
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingjing Han
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Miaoling Tang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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