1
|
Noll N, Groß T, Shoyama K, Beuerle F, Würthner F. Folding-Induced Promotion of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfers via Proximal Base for Light-Driven Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217745. [PMID: 36511298 PMCID: PMC10107485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) processes play a key role in biocatalytic energy conversion and storage, for example, photosynthesis or nitrogen fixation. Here, we report a series of bipyridine-containing di- to tetranuclear Ru(bda) macrocycles 2 C-4 C (bda: 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate) to promote O-O bond formation. In photocatalytic water oxidation under neutral conditions, all complexes 2 C-4 C prevail in a folded conformation that support the water nucleophilic attack (WNA) pathway with remarkable turnover frequencies of up to 15.5 s-1 per Ru unit respectively. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed an increased tendency for intramolecular π-π stacking and preorganization of the proximal bases close to the active centers for the larger macrocycles. H/D kinetic isotope effect studies and electrochemical data demonstrate the key role of the proximal bipyridines as proton acceptors in lowering the activation barrier for the crucial nucleophilic attack of H2 O in the WNA mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Noll
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Groß
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Living systems are built from a small subset of the atomic elements, including the bulk macronutrients (C,H,N,O,P,S) and ions (Mg,K,Na,Ca) together with a small but variable set of trace elements (micronutrients). Here, we provide a global survey of how chemical elements contribute to life. We define five classes of elements: those that are (i) essential for all life, (ii) essential for many organisms in all three domains of life, (iii) essential or beneficial for many organisms in at least one domain, (iv) beneficial to at least some species, and (v) of no known beneficial use. The ability of cells to sustain life when individual elements are absent or limiting relies on complex physiological and evolutionary mechanisms (elemental economy). This survey of elemental use across the tree of life is encapsulated in a web-based, interactive periodic table that summarizes the roles chemical elements in biology and highlights corresponding mechanisms of elemental economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh A Remick
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ennist NM, Stayrook SE, Dutton PL, Moser CC. Rational design of photosynthetic reaction center protein maquettes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:997295. [PMID: 36213121 PMCID: PMC9532970 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.997295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies for efficient solar-to-fuel energy conversion will help facilitate a global shift from dependence on fossil fuels to renewable energy. Nature uses photosynthetic reaction centers to convert photon energy into a cascade of electron-transfer reactions that eventually produce chemical fuel. The design of new reaction centers de novo deepens our understanding of photosynthetic charge separation and may one day allow production of biofuels with higher thermodynamic efficiency than natural photosystems. Recently, we described the multi-step electron-transfer activity of a designed reaction center maquette protein (the RC maquette), which can assemble metal ions, tyrosine, a Zn tetrapyrrole, and heme into an electron-transport chain. Here, we detail our modular strategy for rational protein design and show that the intended RC maquette design agrees with crystal structures in various states of assembly. A flexible, dynamic apo-state collapses by design into a more ordered holo-state upon cofactor binding. Crystal structures illustrate the structural transitions upon binding of different cofactors. Spectroscopic assays demonstrate that the RC maquette binds various electron donors, pigments, and electron acceptors with high affinity. We close with a critique of the present RC maquette design and use electron-tunneling theory to envision a path toward a designed RC with a substantially higher thermodynamic efficiency than natural photosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M. Ennist
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nathan M. Ennist,
| | - Steven E. Stayrook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University West Campus, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - P. Leslie Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher C. Moser
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Xu B, Yao R, Chen C, Zhang C. Mimicking the Oxygen-Evolving Center in Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:929532. [PMID: 35874004 PMCID: PMC9302449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving center (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII) of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms is a unique heterometallic-oxide Mn4CaO5-cluster that catalyzes water splitting into electrons, protons, and molecular oxygen through a five-state cycle (Sn, n = 0 ~ 4). It serves as the blueprint for the developing of the man-made water-splitting catalysts to generate solar fuel in artificial photosynthesis. Understanding the structure-function relationship of this natural catalyst is a great challenge and a long-standing issue, which is severely restricted by the lack of a precise chemical model for this heterometallic-oxide cluster. However, it is a great challenge for chemists to precisely mimic the OEC in a laboratory. Recently, significant advances have been achieved and a series of artificial Mn4XO4-clusters (X = Ca/Y/Gd) have been reported, which closely mimic both the geometric structure and the electronic structure, as well as the redox property of the OEC. These new advances provide a structurally well-defined molecular platform to study the structure-function relationship of the OEC and shed new light on the design of efficient catalysts for the water-splitting reaction in artificial photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boran Xu
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoqing Yao
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changhui Chen
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxi Zhang
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paramagnetic resonance investigation of mono- and di-manganese-containing systems in biochemistry. Methods Enzymol 2022; 666:315-372. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Ertem MZ, Concepcion JJ. Oxygen Atom Transfer as an Alternative Pathway for Oxygen–Oxygen Bond Formation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5966-5974. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmed Z. Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Javier J. Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving center (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII) of plants, algae and cyanobacteria is a unique natural catalyst that splits water into electrons, protons and dioxygen. The crystallographic studies of PSII have revealed that the OEC is an asymmetric Mn4CaO5-cluster. The understanding of the structure-function relationship of this natural Mn4CaO5-cluster is impeded mainly due to the complexity of the protein environment and lack of a rational chemical model as a reference. Although it has been a great challenge for chemists to synthesize the OEC in the laboratory, significant advances have been achieved recently. Different artificial complexes have been reported, especially a series of artificial Mn4CaO4-clusters that closely mimic both the geometric and electronic structures of the OEC in PSII, which provides a structurally well-defined chemical model to investigate the structure-function relationship of the natural Mn4CaO5-cluster. The deep investigations on this artificial Mn4CaO4-cluster could provide new insights into the mechanism of the water-splitting reaction in natural photosynthesis and may help the development of efficient catalysts for the water-splitting reaction in artificial photosynthesis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gagrani A, Alsultan M, Swiegers GF, Tsuzuki T. Comparative evaluation of the structural and other features governing photo-electrochemical oxygen evolution by Ca/Mn oxides. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bio-inspired calcium manganate ceramics induce higher photocurrents than MnO2 in photo-electrochemical water splitting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gagrani
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Mohammed Alsultan
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
- Department of Science
| | - Gerhard F. Swiegers
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Takuya Tsuzuki
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang B, Nguyen M, Hsieh C. Reaction of small molecules O
2
, NO, CO, and the Naldini salt (PPh
3
)
2
MnBr
2
: Characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Wei Huang
- Department of ChemistryTamkang University New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Minh‐Trung Nguyen
- Department of ChemistryTamkang University New Taipei City Taiwan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and TechnologyTay Nguyen University Buon Ma Thuot City Vietnam
| | - Chung‐Hung Hsieh
- Department of ChemistryTamkang University New Taipei City Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang L, Shaffer DW, Manbeck GF, Polyansky DE, Concepcion JJ. High-Redox-Potential Chromophores for Visible-Light-Driven Water Oxidation at Low pH. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | | | - Gerald F. Manbeck
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Dmitry E. Polyansky
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Javier J. Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Shatskiy A, Kärkäs MD, Åkermark B. The Art of Splitting Water: Storing Energy in a Readily Available and Convenient Form. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Widomska J, Welc R, Gruszecki WI. The effect of carotenoids on the concentration of singlet oxygen in lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:845-851. [PMID: 30689980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An effect of β-carotene and its polar derivative, zeaxanthin, on a concentration of singlet oxygen in lipid membranes was studied in a model system. The carotenoids were incorporated into the membranes of small unilamellar liposomes at a concentration of 0.15 mol% with respect to lipid. Singlet oxygen was generated in a liposome suspension via photosensitization of toluidine blue, and its concentration in a membrane was detected with application of a specific fluorescence probe (singlet oxygen sensor green reagent) located in the lipid bilayer. The results show the carotenoid-dependent decrease in the concentration of singlet oxygen in the membranes formed with unsaturated lipids (egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and digalactosyldiacylglycerol) but not in the case of the membranes formed with a saturated lipid (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine). The effect of carotenoids was about twice as high as in the case of cholesterol present in liposomes at the same concentration. The results suggest that carotenoids protect membranes formed with unsaturated lipids against singlet oxygen through combined activity of different mechanisms: modification of structural properties of the lipid bilayers, physical quenching of singlet oxygen and chemical reactions leading to the pigment oxidation. The latter conclusion is based on the analysis of the absorption spectra of liposomes before and after light exposure. An importance of the different modes of protection by carotenoids against single oxygen toxicity towards biomembranes is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Renata Welc
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fukuzumi S, Lee YM, Nam W. Kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic water oxidation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:779-798. [PMID: 30560964 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and mechanisms of thermal and photochemical oxidation of water with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, including conversion from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysts in the course of water oxidation, are discussed in this review article. Molecular and homogeneous catalysts have the advantage to clarify the catalytic mechanisms by detecting active intermediates in catalytic water oxidation. On the other hand, heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts have advantages for practical applications due to high catalytic activity, robustness and easier separation of catalysts by filtration as compared with molecular homogeneous precursors. Ligand oxidation of homogeneous catalysts sometimes results in the dissociation of ligands to form nanoparticles, which act as much more efficient catalysts for water oxidation. Since it is quite difficult to identify active intermediates on the heterogeneous catalyst surface, the mechanism of water oxidation has hardly been clarified under heterogeneous catalytic conditions. This review focuses on the kinetics and mechanisms of catalytic water oxidation with homogeneous catalysts, which may be converted to heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts depending on various reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alaimo AA, Alexandropoulos DI, Lampropoulos C, Stamatatos TC. New insights in Mn–Ca chemistry from the use of oximate-based ligands: {MnII/III22Ca2} and {MnIV2Ca2} complexes with relevance to both low- and high-valent states of the oxygen-evolving complex. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
17
|
Xie Y, Shaffer DW, Concepcion JJ. O–O Radical Coupling: From Detailed Mechanistic Understanding to Enhanced Water Oxidation Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10533-10542. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - David W. Shaffer
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Javier J. Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Photosynthetic water splitting by the Mn4Ca2+OX catalyst of photosystem II: its structure, robustness and mechanism. Q Rev Biophys 2018; 50:e13. [PMID: 29233225 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583517000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The biological energy cycle of our planet is driven by photosynthesis whereby sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and other accessory pigments. The excitation energy is then efficiently transferred to a reaction centre where charge separation occurs in a few picoseconds. In the case of photosystem II (PSII), the energy of the charge transfer state is used to split water into oxygen and reducing equivalents. This is accomplished by the relatively low energy content of four photons of visible light. PSII is a large multi-subunit membrane protein complex embedded in the lipid environment of the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Four high energy electrons, together with four protons (4H+), are used to reduce plastoquinone (PQ), the terminal electron acceptor of PSII, to plastoquinol (PQH2). PQH2 passes its reducing equivalents to an electron transfer chain which feeds into photosystem I (PSI) where they gain additional reducing potential from a second light reaction which is necessary to drive CO2 reduction. The catalytic centre of PSII consists of a cluster of four Mn ions and a Ca2+ linked by oxo bonds. In addition, there are seven amino acid ligands. In this Article, I discuss the structure of this metal cluster, its stability and the probability that an acid-base (nucleophilic-electrophilic) mechanism catalyses the water splitting reaction on the surface of the metal-cluster. Evidence for this mechanism is presented from studies on water splitting catalysts consisting of organo-complexes of ruthenium and manganese and also by comparison with the enzymology of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH). Finally the relevance of our understanding of PSII is discussed in terms of artificial photosynthesis with emphasis on inorganic water splitting catalysts as oxygen generating photoelectrodes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Martin WF, Bryant DA, Beatty JT. A physiological perspective on the origin and evolution of photosynthesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:205-231. [PMID: 29177446 PMCID: PMC5972617 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin and early evolution of photosynthesis are reviewed from an ecophysiological perspective. Earth's first ecosystems were chemotrophic, fueled by geological H2 at hydrothermal vents and, required flavin-based electron bifurcation to reduce ferredoxin for CO2 fixation. Chlorophyll-based phototrophy (chlorophototrophy) allowed autotrophs to generate reduced ferredoxin without electron bifurcation, providing them access to reductants other than H2. Because high-intensity, short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation at Earth's surface would have been damaging for the first chlorophyll (Chl)-containing cells, photosynthesis probably arose at hydrothermal vents under low-intensity, long-wavelength geothermal light. The first photochemically active pigments were possibly Zn-tetrapyrroles. We suggest that (i) after the evolution of red-absorbing Chl-like pigments, the first light-driven electron transport chains reduced ferredoxin via a type-1 reaction center (RC) progenitor with electrons from H2S; (ii) photothioautotrophy, first with one RC and then with two, was the bridge between H2-dependent chemolithoautotrophy and water-splitting photosynthesis; (iii) photothiotrophy sustained primary production in the photic zone of Archean oceans; (iv) photosynthesis arose in an anoxygenic cyanobacterial progenitor; (v) Chl a is the ancestral Chl; and (vi), anoxygenic chlorophototrophic lineages characterized so far acquired, by horizontal gene transfer, RCs and Chl biosynthesis with or without autotrophy, from the architects of chlorophototrophy-the cyanobacterial lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William F Martin
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, University of Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - J Thomas Beatty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mousazade Y, Mohammadi MR, Chernev P, Bikas R, Bagheri R, Song Z, Lis T, Dau H, Najafpour MM. Water oxidation by a manganese–potassium cluster: Mn oxide as a kinetically dominant “true” catalyst for water oxidation. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a manganese–potassium cluster was investigated for electrochemical water oxidation to find the true, kinetically dominant, catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younes Mousazade
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | | | - Petko Chernev
- Fachbereich Physik
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry - Ångströmlaboratoriet
| | - Rahman Bikas
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Imam Khomeini International University
- Qazvin
- Iran
| | - Robabeh Bagheri
- Surface Protection Research Group
- Surface Department
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
| | - Zhenlun Song
- Surface Protection Research Group
- Surface Department
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wroclaw
- 50-383 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - Holger Dau
- Fachbereich Physik
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beal NJ, Corry TA, O’Malley PJ. Comparison between Experimental and Broken Symmetry Density Functional Theory (BS-DFT) Calculated Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Parameters of the S2 State of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II in Its Native (Calcium) and Strontium-Substituted Form. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:11273-11283. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Beal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Corry
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J. O’Malley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Haas RM, Hern Z, Sproules S, Hess CR. An Unsymmetric Ligand Framework for Noncoupled Homo- and Heterobimetallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14738-14742. [PMID: 29172466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new unsymmetric ligand, PDIpCy (PDI = pyridyldiimine; Cy = cyclam), that offers two distinct, noncoupled coordination sites. A series of homo- and heterobimetallic complexes, [Zn2(PDIpCy)(THF)(OTf)4] (1; THF = tetrahydrofuran and OTf = triflate), [Ni2(PDIpCy)(THF)(OTf)2](OTf)2 (2), and [NiZn(PDIpCy)(THF)(OTf)4] (3), are described. The one-electron-reduced compounds, [Zn2(PDIpCy)(OTF)3] (4), [Ni2(PDIpCy)(OTf)](OTf)2 (5), and [NiZn(PDIpCy)(OTf)3] (6), were isolated, and their electronic structures were characterized. The reduced compounds are charge-separated species, with electron storage at either the PDI ligand (4) or at the PDI-bound metal ion (5 and 6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Haas
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Zachary Hern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Stephen Sproules
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow , University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Corinna R Hess
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen C, Li Y, Zhao G, Yao R, Zhang C. Natural and Artificial Mn 4 Ca Cluster for the Water Splitting Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4403-4408. [PMID: 28921879 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving center (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII) is a unique biological catalyst that splits water into electrons, protons, and O2 by using solar energy. Recent crystallographic studies have revealed that the structure of the OEC is an asymmetric Mn4 Ca cluster, which provides a blueprint to develop man-made water-splitting catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. Although it is a great challenge to mimic the whole structure and function of the OEC in the laboratory, significant advances have recently been achieved. In this Minireview, recent progress on mimicking the natural OEC is discussed. New strategies are suggested to construct more stable and efficient new generation of catalytic materials for the water splitting reaction based on the artificial Mn4 Ca cluster in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Chen
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanxi Li
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruoqing Yao
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunxi Zhang
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Möller F, Piontek S, Miller RG, Apfel UP. From Enzymes to Functional Materials-Towards Activation of Small Molecules. Chemistry 2017; 24:1471-1493. [PMID: 28816379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The design of non-noble metal-containing heterogeneous catalysts for the activation of small molecules is of utmost importance for our society. While nature possesses very sophisticated machineries to perform such conversions, rationally designed catalytic materials are rare. Herein, we aim to raise the awareness of the overall common design and working principles of catalysts incorporating aspects of biology, chemistry, and material sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Möller
- Inorganic Chemistry I/ Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstaße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Piontek
- Inorganic Chemistry I/ Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstaße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Reece G Miller
- Inorganic Chemistry I/ Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstaße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Inorganic Chemistry I/ Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstaße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bucci A, Dunn S, Bellachioma G, Menendez Rodriguez G, Zuccaccia C, Nervi C, Macchioni A. A Single Organoiridium Complex Generating Highly Active Catalysts for both Water Oxidation and NAD+/NADH Transformations. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bucci
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Savannah Dunn
- Department
of Chemistry, Longwood University, 201 High Street, Farmville, Virginia 23901, United States
| | - Gianfranco Bellachioma
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Nervi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia and CIRCC, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Song F, Moré R, Schilling M, Smolentsev G, Azzaroli N, Fox T, Luber S, Patzke GR. {Co4O4} and {CoxNi4–xO4} Cubane Water Oxidation Catalysts as Surface Cut-Outs of Cobalt Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14198-14208. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Moré
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R. Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shevela D, Björn LO. Evolution of the Z-scheme of photosynthesis: a perspective. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:5-15. [PMID: 28160125 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the Z-scheme of oxygenic photosynthesis is in all the textbooks. However, its evolution is not. We focus here mainly on some of the history of its biophysical aspects. We have arbitrarily divided here the 1941-2016 period into three sub-periods: (a) Origin of the concept of two light reactions: first hinted at, in 1941, by James Franck and Karl Herzfeld; described and explained, in 1945, by Eugene Rabinowitch; and a clear hypothesis, given in 1956 by Rabinowitch, of the then available cytochrome experiments: one light oxidizing it and another reducing it; (b) Experimental discovery of the two light reactions and two pigment systems and the Z-scheme of photosynthesis: Robert Emerson's discovery, in 1957, of enhancement in photosynthesis when two light beams (one in the far-red region, and the other of shorter wavelengths) are given together than when given separately; and the 1960 scheme of Robin Hill & Fay Bendall; and
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Shevela
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Olof Björn
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alaimo AA, Koumousi ES, Cunha-Silva L, McCormick LJ, Teat SJ, Psycharis V, Raptopoulou CP, Mukherjee S, Li C, Gupta SD, Escuer A, Christou G, Stamatatos TC. Structural Diversities in Heterometallic Mn–Ca Cluster Chemistry from the Use of Salicylhydroxamic Acid: {MnIII4Ca2}, {MnII/III6Ca2}, {MnIII/IV8Ca}, and {MnIII8Ca2} Complexes with Relevance to Both High- and Low-Valent States of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10760-10774. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alysha A. Alaimo
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, L2S 3A1 St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Luís Cunha-Silva
- REQUIMTE-LAQV & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura J. McCormick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vassilis Psycharis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - Catherine P. Raptopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - Shreya Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Sayak Das Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Albert Escuer
- Departament
de Quimica Inorganica and Institut de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia
(IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Theocharis C. Stamatatos
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, L2S 3A1 St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carsch KM, de Ruiter G, Agapie T. Intramolecular C-H and C-F Bond Oxygenation by Site-Differentiated Tetranuclear Manganese Models of the OEC. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9044-9054. [PMID: 28731687 PMCID: PMC5669799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dangler manganese center in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II plays an important role in the oxidation of water to dioxygen. Inspired by the structure of the OEC, we synthesized a series of site-differentiated tetra-manganese clusters [LMn3(PhPz)3OMn][OTf]x (2: x = 2; 3: x = 1) that features an apical manganese ion-distinct from the others-that is appended to a trinuclear manganese core through an μ4-oxygen atom bridge. This cluster design was targeted to facilitate studies of high-valent Mn-oxo formation, which is a proposed step in the mechanism for water oxidation by the OEC. Terminal Mn-oxo species-supported by a multinuclear motif-were targeted by treating 2 and 3 with iodosobenzene. Akin to our previously reported iron complexes, intramolecular arene hydroxylation was observed to yield the C-H bond oxygenated complexes [LMn3(PhPz)2(OArPz)OMn][OTf]x (5: x = 2; 6: x = 1). The fluorinated series [LMn3(F2ArPz)3OMn][OTf]x (8: x = 2; 9: x = 1) was also synthesized to mitigate the observed intramolecular hydroxylation. Treatment of 8 and 9 with iodosobenzene results in intramolecular arene C-F bond oxygenation as judged by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The observed aromatic C-H and C-F hydroxylation is suggestive of a putative high-valent terminal metal-oxo species, and it is one of the very few examples capable of oxygenating C-F bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis M. Carsch
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang W, Chen C, Dong H, Zhang C. Artificial Mn 4-oxido complexes mimic the oxygen-evolving center in photosynthesis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:665-668. [PMID: 36659311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the structure-function relationship of the oxygen-evolving center (OEC), a Mn4Ca-cluster, in photosystem II is impeded mainly due to the complexity of the protein environment and lack of rational chemical models as a reference. In this study, two novel Mn4-oxido complexes have been synthesized and characterized, in which the peripheral ligands of the [MnIII4] core are provided by eight μ2-carboxylate groups and two neutral terminal ligands (pyridine or isoquinoline). This type of peripheral ligation is very similar to the Mn4Ca-oxide model complexes recently reported to mimic the OEC. The new Mn4-oxide complex can catalyze the oxygen-evolving reaction in the presence of ButOOH as an oxidant. The structure and redox properties comparison of the Mn4-oxido and Mn4Ca-oxido complexes provide important clues to understanding the functional role of Ca in the OEC in natural photosynthesis, and develop more efficient artificial catalysts for the water-splitting reaction in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Chang
- Polymer Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Changhui Chen
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Polymer Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Chunxi Zhang
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shaffer DW, Xie Y, Concepcion JJ. O–O bond formation in ruthenium-catalyzed water oxidation: single-site nucleophilic attack vs. O–O radical coupling. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6170-6193. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00542c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A review of water oxidation by ruthenium-based molecular catalysts, with emphasis on the mechanism of O–O bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Xie
- Chemistry Division
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|