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Liu M, Li H, Guo R, Yu X, Li Y. The inhibitory effect of apatinib on different small cell lung cancer cells and in lung cancer-bearing mice and patients. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13738. [PMID: 38403875 PMCID: PMC10895076 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the inhibitory effect of the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor apatinib on small cell lung cancer in vitro and vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three small lung cancer cells were selected CCK-8 and monoclonal assay was used to determine the effect of apatinib on proliferation. The effects on cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL. We observed the inhibitory effect of different doses of apatinib on xenograft tumor. The efficacy and safety of apatinib in 20 patients with advanced small cell lung cancer were observed. RESULTS For small cell lung cancer with high expression of VEGFR2, apatinib has a significant inhibitory effect both in vitro and in vivo. It can play an inhibitory role by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest pathways. For small cell lung cancer with low expression of VEGFR, the inhibitory effect on cells in vitro was not significant. It has certain inhibitory effect on nude mouse transplanted tumor and small cell lung cancer patients, but the effect is weaker than that of animal models and patients with small cell lung cancer cells with high expression of VEGFR2. CONCLUSION Apatinib has a significant inhibitory effect on small cell lung cancer with high expression of VEGFR2 and may be a treatment for small cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Liu
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineBinzhou People's HospitalBinzhouShandongChina
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineBinzhou People's HospitalBinzhouShandongChina
| | - Ranran Guo
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineBinzhou People's HospitalBinzhouShandongChina
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Pulmonary MedicinePenglai Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalYantaiShandongChina
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
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Characterization of clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) and fibroblast growth factor receptor interactions using novel receptor dimerization assay. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7832. [PMID: 33837264 PMCID: PMC8035261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is a potent neurotoxin that serves as an effective therapeutic for several neuromuscular disorders via induction of temporary muscular paralysis. Specific binding and internalization of BoNT/A into neuronal cells is mediated by its binding domain (HC/A), which binds to gangliosides, including GT1b, and protein cell surface receptors, including SV2. Previously, recombinant HC/A was also shown to bind to FGFR3. As FGFR dimerization is an indirect measure of ligand-receptor binding, an FCS & TIRF receptor dimerization assay was developed to measure rHC/A-induced dimerization of fluorescently tagged FGFR subtypes (FGFR1-3) in cells. rHC/A dimerized FGFR subtypes in the rank order FGFR3c (EC50 ≈ 27 nM) > FGFR2b (EC50 ≈ 70 nM) > FGFR1c (EC50 ≈ 163 nM); rHC/A dimerized FGFR3c with similar potency as the native FGFR3c ligand, FGF9 (EC50 ≈ 18 nM). Mutating the ganglioside binding site in HC/A, or removal of GT1b from the media, resulted in decreased dimerization. Interestingly, reduced dimerization was also observed with an SV2 mutant variant of HC/A. Overall, the results suggest that the FCS & TIRF receptor dimerization assay can assess FGFR dimerization with known and novel ligands and support a model wherein HC/A, either directly or indirectly, interacts with FGFRs and induces receptor dimerization.
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Garje R, An J, Obeidat M, Kumar K, Yasin HA, Zakharia Y. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Inhibitors in Urothelial Cancer. Oncologist 2020; 25:e1711-e1719. [PMID: 32790011 PMCID: PMC7648343 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is associated with several cancers, including urothelial carcinoma. Preclinical studies with FGFR inhibitors have shown significant antitumor activity, which has led to clinical evaluation of multiple FGFR inhibitors. Recently, erdafitinib was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for advanced urothelial carcinoma with FGFR gene alterations as the first molecularly targeted therapy. Additional ongoing clinical trials with other types of FGFR inhibitors have shown encouraging results. This review summarizes the oncogenic signaling of FGFR alterations, completed and ongoing clinical trials of FGFR inhibitors, and resistance patterns. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Dysregulated fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is associated with several cancers, including urothelial carcinoma. Preclinical studies with FGFR inhibitors have shown significant antitumor activity, which has led to clinical evaluation of multiple FGFR inhibitors. Most recently, erdafitinib was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for advanced urothelial carcinoma with FGFR gene alterations as the first molecularly targeted therapy. Additional ongoing clinical trials with other types of FGFR inhibitors have shown encouraging results. This review summarizes the oncogenic signaling of FGFR alterations, completed and ongoing clinical trials of FGFR inhibitors, and resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Garje
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Josiah An
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | | | - Kranthi Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMSRishikeshIndia
| | - Hesham A. Yasin
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Yousef Zakharia
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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Leopold AV, Verkhusha VV. Light control of RTK activity: from technology development to translational research. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10019-10034. [PMID: 33209247 PMCID: PMC7654314 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) by small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies is used to treat cancer. Conversely, activation of RTKs with their ligands, including growth factors and insulin, is used to treat diabetes and neurodegeneration. However, conventional therapies that rely on injection of RTK inhibitors or activators do not provide spatiotemporal control over RTK signaling, which results in diminished efficiency and side effects. Recently, a number of optogenetic and optochemical approaches have been developed that allow RTK inhibition or activation in cells and in vivo with light. Light irradiation can control RTK signaling non-invasively, in a dosed manner, with high spatio-temporal precision, and without the side effects of conventional treatments. Here we provide an update on the current state of the art of optogenetic and optochemical RTK technologies and the prospects of their use in translational studies and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Leopold
- Medicum , Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00290 , Finland
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Medicum , Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00290 , Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY 10461 , USA .
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Matsuoka D, Kamiya M, Sato T, Sugita Y. Role of the N-Terminal Transmembrane Helix Contacts in the Activation of FGFR3. J Comput Chem 2019; 41:561-572. [PMID: 31804721 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a member of receptor tyrosine kinases, which is involved in skeletal cell growth, differentiation, and migration. FGFR3 transduces biochemical signals from the extracellular ligand-binding domain to the intracellular kinase domain through the conformational changes of the transmembrane (TM) helix dimer. Here, we apply generalized replica exchange with solute tempering method to wild type (WT) and G380R mutant (G380R) of FGFR3. The dimer interface in G380R is different from WT and the simulation results are in good agreement with the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. TM helices in G380R are extended more than WT, and thereby, G375 in G380R contacts near the N-termini of the TM helix dimer. Considering that both G380R and G375C show the constitutive activation, the formation of the N-terminal contacts of the TM helices can be generally important for the activation mechanism. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsuoka
- Theoretical Molecular Science Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoshi Kamiya
- Computational Biophysics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Division of Liberal Arts and Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuji Sugita
- Theoretical Molecular Science Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Computational Biophysics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory for Biomolecular Function Simulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystem Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are essential components of cell communication pathways utilized from the embryonic to adult stages of life. These transmembrane receptors bind polypeptide ligands, such as growth factors, inducing signalling cascades that control cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, differentiation, motility and inflammation. Many viruses have acquired homologs of growth factors encoded by the hosts that they infect. Production of growth factors during infection allows viruses to exploit RTKs for entry and replication in cells, as well as for host and environmental dissemination. This review describes the genetic diversity amongst virus-derived growth factors and the mechanisms by which RTK exploitation enhances virus survival, then highlights how viral ligands can be used to further understanding of RTK signalling and function during embryogenesis, homeostasis and disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabeen Lateef
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Lyn M Wise
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Li W, Wang L, Wang Y, Jiang W. Binding-induced nicking site reconstruction strategy for quantitative detection of membrane protein on living cell. Talanta 2018; 189:383-388. [PMID: 30086935 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, a binding-induced nicking site reconstruction strategy has been fabricated for quantitative detection of membrane protein on living cell. Taking protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) as model analyst, first, an aptamer probe was designed with an aptamer sequence, a trigger sequence and a nicking site. In the absence of PTK7, the aptamer sequence could partially hybridize with the trigger sequence, forming a stem-loop structure. And the two complementary sequences of the nicking site were separated, which could not be recognized by nicking enzyme. In the presence of PTK7, the aptamer probe and PTK7 binding caused the reconstruction of the probe, leading to the hybridization of the two separated nicking site sequences. Then, the nicking site could be identified and nicked, yielding the release of the trigger sequence. Next, the trigger sequence could initiate the homogeneous cascade amplification, producing multiple G-quadruplex structures. By inserting the N-Methyl Mesoporphyrin IX (NMM), enhanced fluorescence signal could be acquired. Through the binding-induced nicking site reconstruction, the trigger sequence could be released on the surface of living cell and became more accessible. By combining the cascade rolling circle amplification (RCA) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR), high sensitivity was achieved with a detection limit of 0.3 fM. Moreover, Quantitative assay of PTK7 on living cancer cells and normal cells were performed, suggesting that the proposed method was sensitive enough to detect changes in PTK7 expression. Thus, this strategy provided a novel and reliable method for membrane protein expression assay on living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Chemical Biological, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Chemical Biological, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- The 88th Hospital of PLA, 270100 Tai'an, PR China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Chemical Biological, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, PR China.
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Abstract
All known splice isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) can bind to the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. We focus here on VEGF-A121a and VEGF-A165a, two of the most abundant VEGF-A splice isoforms in human tissue 1 , and their ability to bind the Neuropilin co-receptors NRP1 and NRP2. The Neuropilins are key vascular, immune, and nervous system receptors on endothelial cells, neuronal axons, and regulatory T cells respectively. They serve as co-receptors for the Plexins in Semaphorin binding on neuronal and vascular endothelial cells, and for the VEGFRs in VEGF binding on vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, and thus regulate the initiation and coordination of cell signaling by Semaphorins and VEGFs. 2 There is conflicting evidence in the literature as to whether only heparin-binding VEGF-A isoforms - that is, isoforms with domains encoded by exons 6 and/or 7 plus 8a - bind to Neuropilins on endothelial cells. While it is clear that VEGF-A165a binds to both NRP1 and NRP2, published studies do not all agree on the ability of VEGF-A121a to bind NRPs. Here, we review and attempt to reconcile evidence for and against VEGF-A121a binding to Neuropilins. This evidence suggests that, in vitro, VEGF-A121a can bind to both NRP1 and NRP2 via domains encoded by exons 5 and 8a; in the case of NRP1, VEGF-A121a binds with lower affinity than VEGF-A165a. In in vitro cell culture experiments, both NRP1 and NRP2 can enhance VEGF-A121a-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and downstream signaling including proliferation. However, unlike VEGFA-165a, experiments have shown that VEGF-A121a does not 'bridge' VEGFR2 and NRP1, i.e. it does not bind both receptors simultaneously at their extracellular domain. Thus, the mechanism by which Neuropilins potentiate VEGF-A121a-mediated VEGFR2 signaling may be different from that for VEGF-A165a. We suggest such an alternate mechanism: interactions between NRP1 and VEGFR2 transmembrane (TM) and intracellular (IC) domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- a Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- a Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
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