1
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Cai X, Shi X, Wang JY, Hu CH, Shen JD, Zhang B, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Enhancing the Thermal Stability and Enzyme Activity of Ketopantoate Hydroxymethyltransferase through Interface Modification Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13186-13195. [PMID: 38814711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase (KPHMT) plays a pivotal role in d-pantothenic acid biosynthesis. Most KPHMTs are homodecamers with low thermal stability, posing challenges for protein engineering and limiting output enhancement. Previously, a high-enzyme activity KPHMT mutant (K25A/E189S) from Corynebacterium glutamicum was screened as mother strain (M0). Building upon this strain, our study focused on interface engineering modifications, employing a multifaceted approach including integrating folding-free energy calculation, B-factor analysis, and conserved site analysis. Preliminary screening led to the selection of five mutants in the interface─E106S, E98T, E98N, S247I, and S247D─showing improved thermal stability, culminating in the double-site mutant M8 (M0-E98N/S247D). M8 exhibited a T1/2 value of 288.79 min at 50 °C, showing a 3.29-fold increase compared to M0. Meanwhile, the Tm value of M8 was elevated from 53.2 to 59.6 °C. Investigations of structural and molecular dynamics simulations revealed alterations in surface electrostatic charge distribution and the formation of increased hydrogen bonds between subunits, contributing to enhanced thermal stability. This investigation corroborates the efficacy of interface engineering modifications in bolstering KPHMT stability while showing its potential for positively impacting industrial d-pantothenic acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cai
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xue Shi
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ying Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Hao Hu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Dong Shen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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2
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Zhu T, Sun J, Pang H, Wu B. Computational Enzyme Redesign Enhances Tolerance to Denaturants for Peptide C-Terminal Amidation. JACS AU 2024; 4:788-797. [PMID: 38425901 PMCID: PMC10900485 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The escalating demand for biocatalysts in pharmaceutical and biochemical applications underscores the critical imperative to enhance enzyme activity and durability under high denaturant concentrations. Nevertheless, the development of a practical computational redesign protocol for improving enzyme tolerance to denaturants is challenging due to the limitations of relying solely on model-driven approaches to adequately capture denaturant-enzyme interactions. In this study, we introduce an enzyme redesign strategy termed GRAPE_DA, which integrates multiple data-driven and model-driven computational methods to mitigate the sampling biases inherent in a single approach and comprehensively predict beneficial mutations on both the protein surface and backbone. To illustrate the methodology's effectiveness, we applied it to engineer a peptidylamidoglycolate lyase, resulting in a variant exhibiting up to a 24-fold increase in peptide C-terminal amidation activity under 2.5 M guanidine hydrochloride. We anticipate that this integrated engineering strategy will facilitate the development of enzymatic peptide synthesis and functionalization under denaturing conditions and highlight the role of engineering surface residues in governing protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- AIM Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- AIM Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hua Pang
- AIM Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bian Wu
- AIM Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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3
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Yang J, Liang K, Ke H, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Gao L, Fan J, Li G, Zhou H, Xiao J, Lei X. Enzymatic Degradation of Deoxynivalenol with the Engineered Detoxification Enzyme Fhb7. JACS AU 2024; 4:619-634. [PMID: 38425922 PMCID: PMC10900206 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In the era of global climate change, the increasingly severe Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination have caused economic losses and brought food and feed safety concerns. Recently, an FHB resistance gene Fhb7 coding a glutathione-S transferase (GST) to degrade DON by opening the critical toxic epoxide moiety was identified and opened a new window for wheat breeding and DON detoxification. However, the poor stability of Fhb7 and the elusiveness of the catalytic mechanism hinder its practical application. Herein, we report the first structure of Fhb7 at 2.41 Å and reveal a unique catalytic mechanism of epoxide opening transformation in GST family proteins. Furthermore, variants V29P and M10 showed that 5.5-fold and 266.7-fold longer half-life time than wild-type, respectively, were identified. These variants offer broad substrate scope, and the engineered biosafe Bacillus subtilis overexpressing the variants shows excellent DON degradation performance, exhibiting potential at bacterium engineering to achieve DON detoxification in the feed and biomedicine industry. This work provides a profound mechanistic insight into the enzymatic activities of Fhb7 and paves the way for further utilizing Fhb7-related enzymes in crop breeding and DON detoxification by synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Liang
- School
of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han Ke
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuebin Zhang
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Analytical
Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, State Key Laboratory
of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of
Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junping Fan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular
Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Analytical
Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, State Key Laboratory
of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of
Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- School
of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy
for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute
for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
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4
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Val DS, Di Nardo L, Marchisio F, Peiru S, Castelli ME, Abriata LA, Menzella HG, Rasia RM. Thermal Stabilization of a Bacterial Zn(II)-Dependent Phospholipase C through Consensus Sequence Design. Biochemistry 2024; 63:348-354. [PMID: 38206322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Proteins' extraordinary performance in recognition and catalysis has led to their use in a range of applications. However, proteins obtained from natural sources are oftentimes not suitable for direct use in industrial or diagnostic setups. Natural proteins, evolved to optimally perform a task in physiological conditions, usually lack the stability required to be used in harsher conditions. Therefore, the alteration of the stability of proteins is commonly pursued in protein engineering studies. Here, we achieved a substantial thermal stabilization of a bacterial Zn(II)-dependent phospholipase C by consensus sequence design. We retrieved and analyzed sequenced homologues from different sources, selecting a subset of examples for expression and characterization. A non-natural consensus sequence showed the highest stability and activity among those tested. Comparison of the stability parameters of this stabilized mutant and other natural variants bearing similar mutations allows us to pinpoint the sites most likely to be responsible for the enhancement. Point mutations in these sites alter the unfolding process of the consensus sequence. We show that the stabilized version of the protein retains full activity even in harsh oil degumming conditions, making it suitable for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego S Val
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), FbioyF-UNR-CONICET. Mitre 1998, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Luisina Di Nardo
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario (IBR), FbioyF-UNR-CONICET. Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fiorela Marchisio
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), FbioyF-UNR-CONICET. Mitre 1998, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - María Eugenia Castelli
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), FbioyF-UNR-CONICET. Mitre 1998, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Hugo G Menzella
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), FbioyF-UNR-CONICET. Mitre 1998, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo M Rasia
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario (IBR), FbioyF-UNR-CONICET. Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Plataforma Argentina de Biología Estructural y Metabolómica, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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5
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Huang A, Chen Z, Wu X, Yan W, Lu F, Liu F. Improving the thermal stability and catalytic activity of ulvan lyase by the combination of FoldX and KnowVolution campaign. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128577. [PMID: 38070809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Thermal stability is one of the most important properties of ulvan lyases for their application in algae biomass degradation. The Knowledge gaining directed eVolution (KnowVolution) protein engineering strategy could be employed to improve thermostability of ulvan lyase with less screening effort. Herein, the unfolding free energies (ΔΔG) of the loop region were calculated using FoldX and four sites (D103, G104, T113, Q229) were selected for saturation mutagenesis, resulting in the identification of a favorable single-site mutant Q229M. Subsequently, iteration mutation was carried out with the mutant N57P (previously obtained by our group) to further enhance the performance of ulvan lyase. The results showed that the most beneficial variant N57P/Q229M exhibited a 1.67-fold and 2-fold increase in residual activity compared to the wild type after incubation at 40 °C and 50 °C for 1 h, respectively. In addition, the variant produced 1.06 mg/mL of reducing sugar in 2 h, which was almost four times as much as the wild type. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that N57P/Q229M mutant enhanced the structural rigidity by augmenting intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, the shorter proton transmission distance between the general base of the enzyme and the substrate contributed to the glycosidic bond breakage. Our research showed that in silico saturation mutagenesis using position scan module in FoldX allowed for faster screening of mutants with improved thermal stability, and combining it with KnowVolution enabled a balanced effect of thermal stability and enzyme activity in protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailan Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhengqi Chen
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xinming Wu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wenxing Yan
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, PR China.
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6
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Wang X, Dong T, Zhou Q, Tong L, Zheng J, Qin X, Wang X, Wang Y, Yao B, Huang H, Luo H. Improving the Activity and Stability of Serine Protease ThAPT3 by Alleviating Self-Cleavage and Its Application in Deproteinization of Shrimp Shells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7777-7790. [PMID: 37161941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-cleavage properties of proteases result in low activity and instability, which limit their industrial application. In this study, the serine protease ThAPT3 from Torrubiella hemipterigena was successfully expressed in Komagataella phaffii. We investigated the self-degradation mechanism of ThAPT3 and presented a rational strategy to alleviate self-cleavage. A major self-degradation site (Leu238-Met239) and a primary autolysis region were identified. The autolysis regions (loop18, α8-helix, and loop19) were redesigned and optimized using loop transplantation, energy calculations, surface cavity optimization, and loop anchoring. A triple-superposition mutant, ThAPT3-M9 (M239GKDGAVAAGLC250 → M239TLNRTTAANAC250/A251E/A254Q/R259L/A267E/S280N), was obtained. Compared to the wild type, the autolysis of M9 was significantly alleviated, and its half-life at 60 °C was increased approximately 39-fold (from 1.6 to 62.4 min). The optimal temperature and specific activity of M9 increased by 5 °C (from 60 to 65 °C) and 62% (4985 vs 3078 U/mg), respectively. M9 showed significant advantages in shrimp shell deproteinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lige Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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7
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Fan F, Liu C, Cao J, Lyu C, Qiu S, Hu S, Sun T, Mei J, Wang H, Li Y, Zhao W, Mei L, Huang J. Turning thermostability of Aspergillus terreus (R)-selective transaminase At-ATA by synthetic shuffling. J Biotechnol 2023; 364:66-74. [PMID: 36708998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As versatile and green biocatalysts for the asymmetric amination of ketones, the insufficient thermostability of transaminases always limits its broad application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Here, synthetic shuffling technology was used to enhance stability of (R)-selective transaminase from Aspergillus terreus. The results showed that 30 out of 5000 mutants had improved thermostability by color-based screening method, among which mutants with residual enzyme activity higher than 50% at 45 °C for 10 min were selected for further analysis. Especially, the half-inactivation temperature (T5010), half-life (t1/2), and melting temperature (Tm) of the best mutant M14 (M280C-H210N-M150C-F115L) were 13.7 °C, 165.8 min, and 13.9 °C higher than that of the wild type (WT), respectively. M14 also exhibited a significant biocatalytic efficiency toward acetophenone and 1-acetylnaphthalene, the yield of which were 265.6% and 117.5% higher than WT, respectively. Based on molecular dynamics simulation, improved catalytic efficiency of M14 could be attributed to its increased hydrogen bonds interaction around the mutation sites. Additionally, the introduction of disulfide bond combined with above mutations has a synergistic effect on the improved protein thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiaren Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Changjiang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiaqi Mei
- Hangzhou Huadong Medicine Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310011, China
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Weirui Zhao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Lehe Mei
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua 321019, China; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
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8
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Liu HT, Weng CY, Zhou L, Xu HB, Liao ZY, Hong HY, Ye YF, Li SF, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Coevolving stability and activity of LsCR by a single point mutation and constructing neat substrate bioreaction system. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1521-1530. [PMID: 36799475 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl reductase (CR)-catalyzed bioreduction in the organic phase and the neat substrate reaction system is a lasting challenge, placing higher requirements on the performance of enzymes. Protein engineering is an effective method to enhance the properties of enzymes for industrial applications. In the present work, a single point mutation E145A on our previously constructed CR mutant LsCRM3 , coevolved thermostability, and activity. Compared with LsCRM3 , the catalytic efficiency kcat /KM of LsCRM3 -E145A (LsCRM4 ) was increased from 6.6 to 21.9 s-1 mM-1 . Moreover, E145A prolonged the half-life t1/2 at 40°C from 4.1 to 117 h, T m ${T}_{m}$ was increased by 5°C, T 50 30 ${T}_{50}^{30}$ was increased by 14.6°C, and Topt was increased by 15°C. Only 1 g/L of lyophilized Escherichia coli cells expressing LsCRM4 completely reduced up to 600 g/L 2-chloro-1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ethanone (CFPO) within 13 h at 45°C, yielding the corresponding (1S)-2-chloro-1-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ethanol ((S)-CFPL) in 99.5% eeP , with a space-time yield of 1.0 kg/L d, the substrate to catalyst ratios (S/C) of 600 g/g. Compared with LsCRM3 , the substrate loading was increased by 50%, with the S/C increased by 14 times. Compared with LsCRWT , the substrate loading was increased by 6.5 times. In contrast, LsCRM4 completely converted 600 g/L CFPO within 12 h in the neat substrate bioreaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yue Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Yue Hong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Fan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Clifton BE, Kozome D, Laurino P. Efficient Exploration of Sequence Space by Sequence-Guided Protein Engineering and Design. Biochemistry 2023; 62:210-220. [PMID: 35245020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of sequence databases over the past two decades means that protein engineers faced with optimizing a protein for any given task will often have immediate access to a vast number of related protein sequences. These sequences encode information about the evolutionary history of the protein and the underlying sequence requirements to produce folded, stable, and functional protein variants. Methods that can take advantage of this information are an increasingly important part of the protein engineering tool kit. In this Perspective, we discuss the utility of sequence data in protein engineering and design, focusing on recent advances in three main areas: the use of ancestral sequence reconstruction as an engineering tool to generate thermostable and multifunctional proteins, the use of sequence data to guide engineering of multipoint mutants by structure-based computational protein design, and the use of unlabeled sequence data for unsupervised and semisupervised machine learning, allowing the generation of diverse and functional protein sequences in unexplored regions of sequence space. Altogether, these methods enable the rapid exploration of sequence space within regions enriched with functional proteins and therefore have great potential for accelerating the engineering of stable, functional, and diverse proteins for industrial and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben E Clifton
- Protein Engineering and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Dan Kozome
- Protein Engineering and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Paola Laurino
- Protein Engineering and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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10
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Ó'Fágáin C. Protein Stability: Enhancement and Measurement. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:369-419. [PMID: 37647007 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This chapter defines protein stability, emphasizes its importance, and surveys the field of protein stabilization, with summary reference to a selection of 2014-2021 publications. One can enhance stability, particularly by protein engineering strategies but also by chemical modification and by other means. General protocols are set out on how to measure a given protein's (i) kinetic thermal stability and (ii) oxidative stability and (iii) how to undertake chemical modification of a protein in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán Ó'Fágáin
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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11
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Enzymatic Conjugation of Modified RNA Fragments by Ancestral RNA Ligase AncT4_2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0167922. [PMID: 36416557 PMCID: PMC9746290 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01679-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide therapeutics have great potential as a next-generation approach to treating intractable diseases. Large quantities of modified DNA/RNA containing xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNAs) must be synthesized before clinical application. In this study, the ancestral RNA ligase AncT4_2 was designed by ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) to perform the conjugation reaction of modified RNA fragments. AncT4_2 had superior properties to native RNA ligase 2 from T4 phage (T4Rnl2), including high productivity, a >2.5-fold-higher turnover number, and >10°C higher thermostability. One remarkable point is the broad substrate selectivity of AncT4_2; the activity of AncT4_2 toward 17 of the modified RNA fragments was higher than that of T4Rnl2. The activity was estimated by measuring the conjugation reaction of two RNA strands, 3'-OH (12 bp) and 5'-PO4 (12 bp), in which the terminal and penultimate positions of the 3'-OH fragment and the first and second positions of the 5'-PO4 fragment were substituted by 2'-fluoro, 2'-O-methyl, 2'-O-methoxyethyl, and 2'-H, respectively. The enzymatic properties of AncT4_2 allowed the enzyme to conjugate large quantities of double-stranded RNA coding for patisiran (>400 μM level), which was formed by four RNA fragments containing 2'-OMe-substituted nucleic acids. Structural analysis of modeled AncT4_2 suggested that protein dynamics were changed by mutation to Gly or indel during ASR and that this may positively impact the conjugation of modified RNA fragments with the enzyme. AncT4_2 is expected to be a key biocatalyst in synthesizing RNA therapeutics by an enzymatic reaction. IMPORTANCE RNA therapeutics is one of the next-generation medicines for treating various diseases. Our designed ancestral RNA ligase AncT4_2 exhibited excellent enzymatic properties, such as high thermal stability, productivity, specific activity, and broad substrate selectivity compared to native enzymes. These advantages create the potential for AncT4_2 to be applied in conjugating the modified RNA fragments containing various xenobiotic nucleic acids. In addition, patisiran, a known polyneuropathy therapeutic, could be synthesized from four fragmented oligonucleotides at a preparative scale. Taken together, these findings indicate AncT4_2 could open the door to synthesizing RNA therapeutics by enzymatic reaction at large-scale production.
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12
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Enhanced thermostability of formate dehydrogenase via semi-rational design. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Karamitros CS, Murray K, Winemiller B, Lamb C, Stone EM, D'Arcy S, Johnson KA, Georgiou G. Leveraging intrinsic flexibility to engineer enhanced enzyme catalytic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118979119. [PMID: 35658075 PMCID: PMC9191678 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118979119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic motions of enzymes occurring on a broad range of timescales play a pivotal role in all steps of the reaction pathway, including substrate binding, catalysis, and product release. However, it is unknown whether structural information related to conformational flexibility can be exploited for the directed evolution of enzymes with higher catalytic activity. Here, we show that mutagenesis of residues exclusively located at flexible regions distal to the active site of Homo sapiens kynureninase (HsKYNase) resulted in the isolation of a variant (BF-HsKYNase) in which the rate of the chemical step toward kynurenine was increased by 45-fold. Mechanistic pre–steady-state kinetic analysis of the wild type and the evolved enzyme shed light on the underlying effects of distal mutations (>10 Å from the active site) on the rate-limiting step of the catalytic cycle. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the amino acid substitutions in BF-HsKYNase allosterically affect the flexibility of the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) binding pocket, thereby impacting the rate of chemistry, presumably by altering the conformational ensemble and sampling states more favorable to the catalyzed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Brent Winemiller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Candice Lamb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Everett M. Stone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Sheena D'Arcy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Kenneth A. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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14
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Xiong N, Lv PJ, Song JW, Shen Q, Xue YP, Zheng YG. Engineering of a nitrilase through consensus sequence analysis and conserved site substitution to improve its thermostability and activity. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Thermostabilizing ketoreductase ChKRED20 by consensus mutagenesis at dimeric interfaces. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 158:110052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Interactions between Artificial Channel Protein, Water Molecules, and Ions Based on Theoretical Approaches. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary techniques of molecular modeling allow for rational design of several specific classes of artificial proteins. Transmembrane channels are among these classes. A recent successful synthesis of self-assembling, highly symmetrical 12- or 16-helix channels by David Baker’s group prompted us to study interactions between one of these proteins, TMHC6, and low-molecular-weight components of the environment: water molecules and ions. To examine protein stability in a polar environment, molecular dynamics (MD) with classical force fields of the AMBER family was employed. Further characteristics of the chosen interactions were obtained using interaction energy calculations with usage of partially polarizable GFN-FF force field of Spicher and Grimme, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) and atoms in molecules (AIM) approaches for models of residues from the channel entry, crucial for interactions with water molecules and ions. The comparison of the interaction energy values between the gas phase and solvent reaction field gives the quantitative estimation of the strength of the interactions. The energy decomposition via the SAPT method showed that the electrostatics forces play a dominant role in the substructure stabilization. An application of the AIM theory enabled a description of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and other noncovalent interactions.
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17
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Brott S, Pfaff L, Schuricht J, Schwarz J, Böttcher D, Badenhorst CPS, Wei R, Bornscheuer UT. Engineering and evaluation of thermostable
Is
PETase variants for PET degradation. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:192-203. [PMID: 35382549 PMCID: PMC8961046 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a mass‐produced petroleum‐based synthetic polymer. Enzymatic PET degradation using, for example, Ideonella sakaiensis PETase (IsPETase) can be a more environmentally friendly and energy‐saving alternative to the chemical recycling of PET. However, IsPETase is a mesophilic enzyme with an optimal reaction temperature lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PET, where the amorphous polymers can be readily accessed for enzymatic breakdown. In this study, we used error‐prone PCR to generate a mutant library based on a thermostable triple mutant (TM) of IsPETase. The library was screened against the commercially available polyester‐polyurethane Impranil DLN W 50 for more thermostable IsPETase variants, yielding four variants with higher melting points. The most promising IsPETaseTMK95N/F201I variant had a 5.0°C higher melting point than IsPETaseTM. Although this variant showed a slightly lower activity on PET at lower incubation temperatures, its increased thermostability makes it a more active PET hydrolase at higher reaction temperatures up to 60°C. Several other variants were compared and combined with selected previously published IsPETase mutants in terms of thermostability and hydrolytic activity against PET nanoparticles and amorphous PET films. Our findings indicate that thermostability is one of the most important characteristics of an effective PET hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brott
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis University of Greifswald Institute of Biochemistry Greifswald Germany
| | - Lara Pfaff
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis University of Greifswald Institute of Biochemistry Greifswald Germany
| | - Josephine Schuricht
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis University of Greifswald Institute of Biochemistry Greifswald Germany
| | - Jan‐Niklas Schwarz
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis University of Greifswald Institute of Biochemistry Greifswald Germany
| | - Dominique Böttcher
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis University of Greifswald Institute of Biochemistry Greifswald Germany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis University of Greifswald Institute of Biochemistry Greifswald Germany
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis University of Greifswald Institute of Biochemistry Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis University of Greifswald Institute of Biochemistry Greifswald Germany
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18
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Enhanced Thermostability of Pseudomonas nitroreducens Isoeugenol Monooxygenase by the Combinatorial Strategy of Surface Residue Replacement and Consensus Mutagenesis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin has many applications in industries. Isoeugenol monooxygenase (IEM) can catalyze the oxidation of isoeugenol to vanillin in the presence of oxygen under mild conditions. However, the low thermal stability of IEM limits its practical application in the biosynthesis of natural vanillin. Herein, two rational strategies were combined to improve the thermostability of IEM from Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1. Two variants (K83R and K95R) with better thermostability and one mutant (G398A) with higher activity were identified from twenty candidates based on the Surface Residue Replacement method. According to the Consensus Mutagenesis method, one mutant (I352R) with better thermostability and another mutant (L273F) with higher activity were also identified from nine candidates. After combinatorial mutation, a triple mutant K83R/K95R/L273F with the best thermostability and catalytic efficiency was generated. Compared with the wild-type IEM, the thermal inactivation half-lives (t1/2) of K83R/K95R/L273F at 25 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C increased 2.9-fold, 11.9-fold, and 24.7-fold, respectively. Simultaneously, it also exhibited a 4.8-fold increase in kcat, leading to a 1.2-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km). When the whole cell of K83R/K95R/L273F was applied to the biotransformation of isoeugenol on preparative scale, the vanillin concentration reached 240.1 mM with space-time yield of 109.6 g/L/d, and vanillin was achieved in 77.6% isolated yield and >99% purity.
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19
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Kozuka K, Nakano S, Asano Y, Ito S. Partial Consensus Design and Enhancement of Protein Function by Secondary-Structure-Guided Consensus Mutations. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2309-2319. [PMID: 34254784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Consensus design (CD) is a representative sequence-based protein design method that enables the design of highly functional proteins by analyzing vast amounts of protein sequence data. This study proposes a partial consensus design (PCD) of a protein as a derivative approach of CD. The method replaces the target protein sequence with a consensus sequence in a secondary-structure-dependent manner (i.e., regionally dependent and divided into α-helix, β-sheet, and loop regions). In this study, we generated several artificial partial consensus l-threonine 3-dehydrogenases (PcTDHs) by PCD using the TDH from Cupriavidus necator (CnTDH) as a target protein. Structural and functional analysis of PcTDHs suggested that thermostability would be independently improved when consensus mutations are introduced into the loop region of TDHs. On the other hand, enzyme kinetic parameters (kcat/Km) and average productivity would be synergistically enhanced by changing the combination of the mutations-replacement of one region of CnTDH with a consensus sequence provided only negative effects, but the negative effects were nullified when the two regions were replaced simultaneously. Taken together, we propose the hypothesis that there are protein regions that encode individual protein properties, such as thermostability and activity, and that the introduction of consensus mutations into these regions could additively or synergistically modify their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kozuka
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.,PREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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20
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da Costa CHS, Dos Santos AM, Alves CN, Martí S, Moliner V, Santana K, Lameira J. Assessment of the PETase conformational changes induced by poly(ethylene terephthalate) binding. Proteins 2021; 89:1340-1352. [PMID: 34075621 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a bacterium strain of Ideonella sakaiensis was identified with the uncommon ability to degrade the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The PETase from I. sakaiensis strain 201-F6 (IsPETase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of PET converting it to mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET), bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-TPA (BHET), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Despite the potential of this enzyme for mitigation or elimination of environmental contaminants, one of the limitations of the use of IsPETase for PET degradation is the fact that it acts only at moderate temperature due to its low thermal stability. Besides, molecular details of the main interactions of PET in the active site of IsPETase remain unclear. Herein, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were applied to analyze structural changes of IsPETase induced by PET binding. Results from the essential dynamics revealed that the β1-β2 connecting loop is very flexible. This loop is located far from the active site of IsPETase and we suggest that it can be considered for mutagenesis to increase the thermal stability of IsPETase. The free energy landscape (FEL) demonstrates that the main change in the transition between the unbound to the bound state is associated with the β7-α5 connecting loop, where the catalytic residue Asp206 is located. Overall, the present study provides insights into the molecular binding mechanism of PET into the IsPETase structure and a computational strategy for mapping flexible regions of this enzyme, which can be useful for the engineering of more efficient enzymes for recycling plastic polymers using biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto M Dos Santos
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologias, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Nahum Alves
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Martí
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Kauê Santana
- Institute of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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21
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Revolutionizing enzyme engineering through artificial intelligence and machine learning. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:113-125. [PMID: 33835131 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The combinatorial space of an enzyme sequence has astronomical possibilities and exploring it with contemporary experimental techniques is arduous and often ineffective. Multi-target objectives such as concomitantly achieving improved selectivity, solubility and activity of an enzyme have narrow plausibility under approaches of restricted mutagenesis and combinatorial search. Traditional enzyme engineering approaches have a limited scope for complex optimization due to the requirement of a priori knowledge or experimental burden of screening huge protein libraries. The recent surge in high-throughput experimental methods including Next Generation Sequencing and automated screening has flooded the field of molecular biology with big-data, which requires us to re-think our concurrent approaches towards enzyme engineering. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have great potential to revolutionize smart enzyme engineering without the explicit need for a complete understanding of the underlying molecular system. Here, we portray the role and position of AI techniques in the field of enzyme engineering along with their scope and limitations. In addition, we explain how the traditional approaches of directed evolution and rational design can be extended through AI tools. Recent successful examples of AI-assisted enzyme engineering projects and their deviation from traditional approaches are highlighted. A comprehensive picture of current challenges and future avenues for AI in enzyme engineering are also discussed.
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22
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Ngo K, Bruno da Silva F, Leite VBP, Contessoto VG, Onuchic JN. Improving the Thermostability of Xylanase A from Bacillus subtilis by Combining Bioinformatics and Electrostatic Interactions Optimization. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4359-4367. [PMID: 33887137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rational improvement of the enzyme catalytic activity is one of the most significant challenges in biotechnology. Most conventional strategies used to engineer enzymes involve selecting mutations to increase their thermostability. Determining good criteria for choosing these substitutions continues to be a challenge. In this work, we combine bioinformatics, electrostatic analysis, and molecular dynamics to predict beneficial mutations that may improve the thermostability of XynA from Bacillus subtilis. First, the Tanford-Kirkwood surface accessibility method is used to characterize each ionizable residue contribution to the protein native state stability. Residues identified to be destabilizing were mutated with the corresponding residues determined by the consensus or ancestral sequences at the same locations. Five mutants (K99T/N151D, K99T, S31R, N151D, and K154A) were investigated and compared with 12 control mutants derived from experimental approaches from the literature. Molecular dynamics results show that the mutants exhibited folding temperatures in the order K99T > K99T/N151D > S31R > N151D > WT > K154A. The combined approaches employed provide an effective strategy for low-cost enzyme optimization needed for large-scale biotechnological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Ngo
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Fernando Bruno da Silva
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor B P Leite
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Contessoto
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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23
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Cao JR, Fan FF, Lv CJ, Wang HP, Li Y, Hu S, Zhao WR, Chen HB, Huang J, Mei LH. Improving the Thermostability and Activity of Transaminase From Aspergillus terreus by Charge-Charge Interaction. Front Chem 2021; 9:664156. [PMID: 33937200 PMCID: PMC8081293 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transaminases that promote the amination of ketones into amines are an emerging class of biocatalysts for preparing a series of drugs and their intermediates. One of the main limitations of (R)-selective amine transaminase from Aspergillus terreus (At-ATA) is its weak thermostability, with a half-life (t 1/2) of only 6.9 min at 40°C. To improve its thermostability, four important residue sites (E133, D224, E253, and E262) located on the surface of At-ATA were identified using the enzyme thermal stability system (ETSS). Subsequently, 13 mutants (E133A, E133H, E133K, E133R, E133Q, D224A, D224H, D224K, D224R, E253A, E253H, E253K, and E262A) were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis according to the principle of turning the residues into opposite charged ones. Among them, three substitutions, E133Q, D224K, and E253A, displayed higher thermal stability than the wild-type enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that these three mutations limited the random vibration amplitude in the two α-helix regions of 130-135 and 148-158, thereby increasing the rigidity of the protein. Compared to the wild-type, the best mutant, D224K, showed improved thermostability with a 4.23-fold increase in t 1/2 at 40°C, and 6.08°C increase in T 50 10 . Exploring the three-dimensional structure of D224K at the atomic level, three strong hydrogen bonds were added to form a special "claw structure" of the α-helix 8, and the residues located at 151-156 also stabilized the α-helix 9 by interacting with each other alternately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ren Cao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Fan
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Lv
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Peng Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei-Rui Zhao
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hai-Bin Chen
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le-He Mei
- School of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, China.,Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua, China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Liu CY, Cecylia Severin L, Lyu CJ, Zhu WL, Wang HP, Jiang CJ, Mei LH, Liu HG, Huang J. Improving thermostability of (R)-selective amine transaminase from Aspergillus terreus by evolutionary coupling saturation mutagenesis. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Errasti-Murugarren E, Bartoccioni P, Palacín M. Membrane Protein Stabilization Strategies for Structural and Functional Studies. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11020155. [PMID: 33671740 PMCID: PMC7926488 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accounting for nearly two-thirds of known druggable targets, membrane proteins are highly relevant for cell physiology and pharmacology. In this regard, the structural determination of pharmacologically relevant targets would facilitate the intelligent design of new drugs. The structural biology of membrane proteins is a field experiencing significant growth as a result of the development of new strategies for structure determination. However, membrane protein preparation for structural studies continues to be a limiting step in many cases due to the inherent instability of these molecules in non-native membrane environments. This review describes the approaches that have been developed to improve membrane protein stability. Membrane protein mutagenesis, detergent selection, lipid membrane mimics, antibodies, and ligands are described in this review as approaches to facilitate the production of purified and stable membrane proteins of interest for structural and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaitz Errasti-Murugarren
- Laboratory of Amino acid Transporters and Disease, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBERER (Centro Español en Red de Biomedicina de Enfermedades Raras), 28029 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.E.-M.); (M.P.)
| | - Paola Bartoccioni
- Laboratory of Amino acid Transporters and Disease, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBERER (Centro Español en Red de Biomedicina de Enfermedades Raras), 28029 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Laboratory of Amino acid Transporters and Disease, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBERER (Centro Español en Red de Biomedicina de Enfermedades Raras), 28029 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.E.-M.); (M.P.)
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26
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Wang H, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li J, Du G, Kang Z. Engineering a thermostable chondroitinase for production of specifically distributed low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000321. [PMID: 33350041 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitinase ABC I (csABC I) has attracted intensive attention because of its great potential in heparin refining and the enzymatic preparation of low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate (LMW-CS). However, low thermal resistance (<30℃) restricts its applications. Herein, structure-guided and sequence-assisted combinatorial engineering approaches were applied to improve the thermal resistance of Proteus vulgaris csABC I. By integrating the deletion of the flexible fragment R166-L170 at the N-terminal domain and the mutation of E694P at the C-terminal domain, variant NΔ5/E694P exhibited 247-fold improvement of its half-life at 37℃ and a 2.3-fold increase in the specific activity. Through batch fermentation in a 3-L fermenter, the expression of variant NΔ5/E694P in an Escherichia coli host reached 1.7 g L-1 with the activity of 1.0 × 105 U L-1 . Finally, the enzymatic approach for the preparation of LMW-CS was established. By modulating enzyme concentration and controlling depolymerization time, specifically distributed LMW-CS (7000, 3400, and 1900 Da) with low polydispersity was produced, demonstrating the applicability of these processes for the industrial production of LMW-CS in a more environmentally friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,The Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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27
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Otsu M, Suzuki Y, Koesoema AA, Hoang HN, Tamura M, Matsuda T. CO2-expanded liquids as solvents to enhance activity of Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B towards ortho-substituted 1-phenylethanols. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Agarwal S, Smith M, De La Rosa I, Verba KA, Swartz P, Segura-Totten M, Mattos C. Development of a structure-analysis pipeline using multiple-solvent crystal structures of barrier-to-autointegration factor. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2020; 76:1001-1014. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320011341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple-solvent crystal structure (MSCS) approach uses high concentrations of organic solvents to characterize the interactions and effects of solvents on proteins. Here, the method has been further developed and an MSCS data-handling pipeline is presented that uses the Detection of Related Solvent Positions (DRoP) program to improve data quality. DRoP is used to selectively model conserved water molecules, so that an advanced stage of structural refinement is reached quickly. This allows the placement of organic molecules more accurately and convergence on high-quality maps and structures. This pipeline was applied to the chromatin-associated protein barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), resulting in structural models with better than average statistics. DRoP and Phenix Structure Comparison were used to characterize the data sets and to identify a binding site that overlaps with the interaction site of BAF with emerin. The conserved water-mediated networks identified by DRoP suggested a mechanism by which water molecules are used to drive the binding of DNA. Normalized and differential B-factor analysis is shown to be a valuable tool to characterize the effects of specific solvents on defined regions of BAF. Specific solvents are identified that cause stabilization of functionally important regions of the protein. This work presents tools and a standardized approach for the analysis and comprehension of MSCS data sets.
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29
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Motoyama T, Hiramatsu N, Asano Y, Nakano S, Ito S. Protein Sequence Selection Method That Enables Full Consensus Design of Artificial l-Threonine 3-Dehydrogenases with Unique Enzymatic Properties. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3823-3833. [PMID: 32945652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exponentially increasing protein sequence data enables artificial enzyme design using sequence-based protein design methods, including full-consensus protein design (FCD). The success of artificial enzyme design is strongly dependent on the nature of the sequences used. Hence, sequences must be selected from databases and curated libraries prepared to enable a successful design by FCD. In this study, we proposed a selection approach regarding several key residues as sequence motifs. We used l-threonine 3-dehydrogenase (TDH) as a model to test the validity of this approach. In the classification, four residues (143, 174, 188, and 214) were used as key residues. We classified thousands of TDH homologous sequences into five groups containing hundreds of sequences. Utilizing sequences in the libraries, we designed five artificial TDHs by FCD. Among the five, we successfully expressed four in soluble form. Biochemical analysis of artificial TDHs indicated that their enzymatic properties vary; half of the maximum measured enzyme activity (t1/2) and activation energies were distributed from 53 to 65 °C and from 38 to 125 kJ/mol, respectively. The artificial TDHs had unique kinetic parameters, distinct from one another. Structural analysis indicates that consensus mutations are mainly introduced in the secondary or outer shell. The functional diversity of the artificial TDHs is due to the accumulation of mutations that affect their physicochemical properties. Taken together, our findings indicate that our proposed approach can help generate artificial enzymes with unique enzymatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Motoyama
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hiramatsu
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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30
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Markova K, Chmelova K, Marques SM, Carpentier P, Bednar D, Damborsky J, Marek M. Decoding the intricate network of molecular interactions of a hyperstable engineered biocatalyst. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11162-11178. [PMID: 34094357 PMCID: PMC8162949 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational design of protein catalysts with enhanced stabilities for use in research and enzyme technologies is a challenging task. Using force-field calculations and phylogenetic analysis, we previously designed the haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA115 which contains 11 mutations that confer upon it outstanding thermostability (T m = 73.5 °C; ΔT m > 23 °C). An understanding of the structural basis of this hyperstabilization is required in order to develop computer algorithms and predictive tools. Here, we report X-ray structures of DhaA115 at 1.55 Å and 1.6 Å resolutions and their molecular dynamics trajectories, which unravel the intricate network of interactions that reinforce the αβα-sandwich architecture. Unexpectedly, mutations toward bulky aromatic amino acids at the protein surface triggered long-distance (∼27 Å) backbone changes due to cooperative effects. These cooperative interactions produced an unprecedented double-lock system that: (i) induced backbone changes, (ii) closed the molecular gates to the active site, (iii) reduced the volumes of the main and slot access tunnels, and (iv) occluded the active site. Despite these spatial restrictions, experimental tracing of the access tunnels using krypton derivative crystals demonstrates that transport of ligands is still effective. Our findings highlight key thermostabilization effects and provide a structural basis for designing new thermostable protein catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Markova
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Pekarska 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Chmelova
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Pekarska 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Sérgio M Marques
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Pekarska 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Carpentier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratoire Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM) 17 Avenue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38043 Grenoble France
| | - David Bednar
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Pekarska 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Pekarska 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Marek
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Pekarska 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic
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31
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Improving the catalytic thermostability of Bacillus altitudinis W3 ω-transaminase by proline substitutions. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:323. [PMID: 32656056 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As a green biocatalyst, transaminase with high thermostability can be better employed to synthesize many pharmaceutical intermediates in industry. To improve the thermostability of (R)-selective amine transaminase from Bacillus altitudinis W3, related mutation sites were determined by multiple amino acid sequence alignment between wild-type ω-transaminase and four potential thermophilic ω-transaminases, followed by replacement of the related amino acid residues with proline by site-directed mutagenesis. Three stabilized mutants (D192P, T237P, and D192P/T237P) showing the highest stability were obtained and used for further analysis. Comparison with the wild-type enzyme revealed that the double mutant D192P/T237P exhibited the largest shift in thermostability, with a 2.5-fold improvement of t 1/2 at 40 °C, and a 6.3 °C increase in T 50 15, and a 5 °C higher optimal catalytic temperature. Additionally, this mutant exhibited an increase in catalytic efficiency (k cat/K m) relative to the wild-type enzyme. Modeling analysis indicated that the improved thermostability of the mutants could be associated with newly formed hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. This study shown that proline substitutions guided by sequence alignment to improve the thermostability of (R)-selective amine transaminase was effective and this method can also be used to engineering other enzymes.
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32
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Jones BJ, Evans RL, Mylrea NJ, Chaudhury D, Luo C, Guan B, Pierce CT, Gordon WR, Wilmot CM, Kazlauskas RJ. Larger active site in an ancestral hydroxynitrile lyase increases catalytically promiscuous esterase activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235341. [PMID: 32603354 PMCID: PMC7326234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNL's) belonging to the α/β-hydrolase-fold superfamily evolved from esterases approximately 100 million years ago. Reconstruction of an ancestral hydroxynitrile lyase in the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily yielded a catalytically active hydroxynitrile lyase, HNL1. Several properties of HNL1 differ from the modern HNL from rubber tree (HbHNL). HNL1 favors larger substrates as compared to HbHNL, is two-fold more catalytically promiscuous for ester hydrolysis (p-nitrophenyl acetate) as compared to mandelonitrile cleavage, and resists irreversible heat inactivation to 35 °C higher than for HbHNL. We hypothesized that the x-ray crystal structure of HNL1 may reveal the molecular basis for the differences in these properties. The x-ray crystal structure solved to 1.96-Å resolution shows the expected α/β-hydrolase fold, but a 60% larger active site as compared to HbHNL. This larger active site echoes its evolution from esterases since related esterase SABP2 from tobacco also has a 38% larger active site than HbHNL. The larger active site in HNL1 likely accounts for its ability to accept larger hydroxynitrile substrates. Site-directed mutagenesis of HbHNL to expand the active site increased its promiscuous esterase activity 50-fold, consistent with the larger active site in HNL1 being the primary cause of its promiscuous esterase activity. Urea-induced unfolding of HNL1 indicates that it unfolds less completely than HbHNL (m-value = 0.63 for HNL1 vs 0.93 kcal/mol·M for HbHNL), which may account for the ability of HNL1 to better resist irreversible inactivation upon heating. The structure of HNL1 shows changes in hydrogen bond networks that may stabilize regions of the folded structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Evans
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nathan J. Mylrea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Debayan Chaudhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christine Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bo Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Colin T. Pierce
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wendy R. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Carrie M. Wilmot
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Romas J. Kazlauskas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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33
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Gomez-Fernandez BJ, Risso VA, Sanchez-Ruiz JM, Alcalde M. Consensus Design of an Evolved High-Redox Potential Laccase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:354. [PMID: 32435637 PMCID: PMC7218104 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the broad repertory of protein engineering methods that set out to improve stability, consensus design has proved to be a powerful strategy to stabilize enzymes without compromising their catalytic activity. Here, we have applied an in-house consensus method to stabilize a laboratory evolved high-redox potential laccase. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out and computationally refined by applying relative entropy and mutual information thresholds. Through this approach, an ensemble of 20 consensus mutations were identified, 18 of which were consensus/ancestral mutations. The set of consensus variants was produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analyzed individually, while site directed recombination of the best mutations did not produce positive epistasis. The best single variant carried the consensus-ancestral A240G mutation in the neighborhood of the T2/T3 copper cluster, which dramatically improved thermostability, kinetic parameters and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria A Risso
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Sanchez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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34
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Improving the Thermostability of Glutamate Decarboxylase from Lactobacillus brevis by Consensus Mutagenesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1456-1469. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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35
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Improving the thermostability and activity of Paenibacillus pasadenensis chitinase through semi-rational design. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:9-15. [PMID: 32035157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase is a promising biocatalyst for chitin biotransformation in the field of recalcitrant biomass degradation. Excellent catalytic performance is conducive to its commercial utilization. In this work, sequence- and structure-based semi-rational design was performed to evolve the thermostability and activity of a previously identified chitinase PpChi1 from Paenibacillus pasadenensis CS0611. After combinational mutagenesis, the mutant S244C-I319C/T259P with disulfide bond introduction and proline substitution exhibited higher specific activity at higher temperature, 26.3-fold in half-life value at 50 °C, and a 7.9 °C rise in half-inactivation temperature T1/215min compared to the wild-type enzyme. The optimal reaction temperature of the mutant was shifted from 45 °C to 52.5 °C. Molecular dynamic simulation and structure analysis confirmed that these improvements of the mutant were attributed to its stabilized folding form, possibly caused by the decreased entropy of unfolding. This work gives an initial insight into the effect of conserved proline residues in thermostable chitinases and proposes a feasible approach for improving chitinase thermostability to facilitate its application in chitin hydrolysis to valuable oligosaccharides.
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36
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Jones BJ, Kan CNE, Luo C, Kazlauskas RJ. Consensus Finder web tool to predict stabilizing substitutions in proteins. Methods Enzymol 2020; 643:129-148. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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37
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van Loo B, Heberlein M, Mair P, Zinchenko A, Schüürmann J, Eenink BDG, Holstein JM, Dilkaute C, Jose J, Hollfelder F, Bornberg-Bauer E. High-Throughput, Lysis-Free Screening for Sulfatase Activity Using Escherichia coli Autodisplay in Microdroplets. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2690-2700. [PMID: 31738524 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution of enzymes toward improved catalytic performance has become a powerful tool in protein engineering. To be effective, a directed evolution campaign requires the use of high-throughput screening. In this study we describe the development of an ultra high-throughput lysis-free procedure to screen for improved sulfatase activity by combining microdroplet-based single-variant activity sorting with E. coli autodisplay. For the first step in a 4-step screening procedure, we quantitatively screened >105 variants of the homodimeric arylsulfatase from Silicibacter pomeroyi (SpAS1), displayed on the E. coli cell surface, for improved sulfatase activity using fluorescence activated droplet sorting. Compartmentalization of the fluorescent reaction product with living E. coli cells autodisplaying the sulfatase variants ensured the continuous linkage of genotype and phenotype during droplet sorting and allowed for direct recovery by simple regrowth of the sorted cells. The use of autodisplay on living cells simplified and reduced the degree of liquid handling during all steps in the screening procedure to the single event of simply mixing substrate and cells. The percentage of apparent improved variants was enriched >10-fold as a result of droplet sorting. We ultimately identified 25 SpAS1 variants with improved performance toward 4-nitrophenyl sulfate (up to 6.2-fold) and/or fluorescein disulfate (up to 30-fold). In SpAS1 variants with improved performance toward the bulky fluorescein disulfate, many of the beneficial mutations occur in residues that form hydrogen bonds between α-helices in the C-terminal oligomerization region, suggesting a previously unknown role for the dimer interface in shaping the substrate binding site of SpAS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van Loo
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Magdalena Heberlein
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Mair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Zinchenko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Schüürmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernard D. G. Eenink
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Josephin M. Holstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Carina Dilkaute
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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38
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Mate DM, Rivera NR, Sanchez‐Freire E, Ayala JA, Berenguer J, Hidalgo A. Thermostability enhancement of the
Pseudomonas fluorescens
esterase I by in vivo folding selection in
Thermus thermophilus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:30-38. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Mate
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (UAM‐CSIC)Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Noé R. Rivera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (UAM‐CSIC)Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of El Salvador San Salvador El Salvador
| | - Esther Sanchez‐Freire
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (UAM‐CSIC)Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan A. Ayala
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCenter of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (UAM‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - José Berenguer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (UAM‐CSIC)Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Aurelio Hidalgo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (UAM‐CSIC)Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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Sun Z, Liu Q, Qu G, Feng Y, Reetz MT. Utility of B-Factors in Protein Science: Interpreting Rigidity, Flexibility, and Internal Motion and Engineering Thermostability. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1626-1665. [PMID: 30698416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Philipps-University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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40
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Xie DF, Yang JX, Lv CJ, Mei JQ, Wang HP, Hu S, Zhao WR, Cao JR, Tu JL, Huang J, Mei LH. Construction of stabilized (R)-selective amine transaminase from Aspergillus terreus by consensus mutagenesis. J Biotechnol 2019; 293:8-16. [PMID: 30703468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amine transaminases are a class of efficient and industrially-desired biocatalysts for the production of chiral amines. In this study, stabilized variants of the (R)-selective amine transaminase from Aspergillus terreus (AT-ATA) were constructed by consensus mutagenesis. Using Consensus Finder (http://cbs-kazlab.oit.umn.edu/), six positions with the most prevalent amino acid (over 60% threshold) among the homologous family members were identified. Subsequently, these six residues were individually mutated to match the consensus sequence (I77 L, Q97E, H210N, N245D, G292D, and I295 V) using site-directed mutagenesis. Compared to that of the wild-type, the thermostability of all six single variants was improved. The H210N variant displayed the largest shift in thermostability, with a 3.3-fold increase in half-life (t1/2) at 40 °C, and a 4.6 °C increase in T5010 among the single variants. In addition, the double mutant H210N/I77L displayed an even larger shift with 6.1-fold improvement of t1/2 at 40 °C, and a 6.6 °C increase in T5010. Furtherly, the H210N/I77L mutation was introduced into the previously engineered thermostable AT-ATA by the introduction of disulfide bonds, employing B-factor and folding free energy (ΔΔGfold) calculations. Our results showed that the combined variant H210N/I77L/M150C-M280C had the largest shift in thermostability, with a 16.6-fold improvement of t1/2 and a 11.8 °C higher T5010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Fang Xie
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jun-Xing Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Chang-Jiang Lv
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Mei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, United States
| | - Hong-Peng Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Wei-Rui Zhao
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Jia-Ren Cao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jun-Liang Tu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China.
| | - Le-He Mei
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
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Moore JC, Rodriguez-Granillo A, Crespo A, Govindarajan S, Welch M, Hiraga K, Lexa K, Marshall N, Truppo MD. "Site and Mutation"-Specific Predictions Enable Minimal Directed Evolution Libraries. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1730-1741. [PMID: 29782150 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution experiments designed to improve the activity of a biocatalyst have increased in sophistication from the early days of completely random mutagenesis. Sequence-based and structure-based methods have been developed to identify "hotspot" positions that when randomized provide a higher frequency of beneficial mutations that improve activity. These focused mutagenesis methods reduce library sizes and therefore reduce screening burden, accelerating the rate of finding improved enzymes. Looking for further acceleration in finding improved enzymes, we investigated whether two existing methods, one sequence-based (Protein GPS) and one structure-based (using Bioluminate and MOE), were sufficiently predictive to provide not just the hotspot position, but also the amino acid substitution that improved activity at that position. By limiting the libraries to variants that contained only specific amino acid substitutions, library sizes were kept to less than 100 variants. For an initial round of ATA-117 R-selective transaminase evolution, we found that the methods used produced libraries where 9% and 18% of the amino acid substitutions chosen were amino acids that improved reaction performance in lysates. The ability to create combinations of mutations as part of the initial design was confounded by the relatively large number of predicted mutations that were inactivating (30% and 45% for the sequence-based and structure-based methods, respectively). Despite this, combining several mutations identified within a given method produced variant lysates 7- and 9-fold more active than the wild-type lysate, highlighting the capability of mutations chosen this way to generate large advances in activity in addition to the reductions in screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark Welch
- ATUM, 37950 Central Court, Newark, California 94560, United States
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42
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Schwenger A, Jurkowski TP, Richert C. Capturing and Stabilizing Folded Proteins in Lattices Formed with Branched Oligonucleotide Hybrids. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1523-1530. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schwenger
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tomasz P. Jurkowski
- Institut für Biochemie und Technische BiochemieUniversität Stuttgart Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Clemens Richert
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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