1
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Top J, Zhang X, Hendrickx APA, Boeren S, van Schaik W, Huebner J, Willems RJL, Leavis HL, Paganelli FL. YajC, a predicted membrane protein, promotes Enterococcus faecium biofilm formation in vitro and in a rat endocarditis model. FEMS MICROBES 2024; 5:xtae017. [PMID: 38860142 PMCID: PMC11163983 DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a critical step in the pathogenesis of difficult-to-treat Gram-positive bacterial infections. We identified that YajC, a conserved membrane protein in bacteria, plays a role in biofilm formation of the clinically relevant Enterococcus faecium strain E1162. Deletion of yajC conferred significantly impaired biofilm formation in vitro and was attenuated in a rat endocarditis model. Mass spectrometry analysis of supernatants of washed ΔyajC cells revealed increased amounts in cytoplasmic and cell-surface-located proteins, including biofilm-associated proteins, suggesting that proteins on the surface of the yajC mutant are only loosely attached. In Streptococcus mutans YajC has been identified in complex with proteins of two cotranslational membrane protein-insertion pathways; the signal recognition particle (SRP)-SecYEG-YajC-YidC1 and the SRP-YajC-YidC2 pathway, but its function is unknown. In S. mutans mutation of yidC1 and yidC2 resulted in impaired protein insertion in the cell membrane and secretion in the supernatant. The E. faecium genome contains all homologous genes encoding for the cotranslational membrane protein-insertion pathways. By combining the studies in S. mutans and E. faecium, we propose that YajC is involved in the stabilization of the SRP-SecYEG-YajC-YidC1 and SRP-YajC-Yid2 pathway or plays a role in retaining proteins for proper docking to the YidC insertases for translocation in and over the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janetta Top
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Building 60, Yujingwan, Linyi City, Shandong Province, 276000, China
| | - Antoni P A Hendrickx
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Clb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, PO box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Willem van Schaik
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Huebner
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian Universität München, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helen L Leavis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fernanda L Paganelli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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2
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Nie M, Alejandro Valdes-Pena M, Frohock BH, Smits E, Daiker JC, Gilbertie JM, Schnabel LV, Pierce JG. Expanded library of novel 2,3-pyrrolidinedione analogues exhibit anti-biofilm activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 99:129609. [PMID: 38191097 PMCID: PMC10872213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report a new library of 2,3-pyrrolidinedione analogues that expands on our previous report on the antimicrobial studies of this heterocyclic scaffold. The novel 2,3-pyrrolidinediones reported herein have been evaluated against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms, and this work constitutes our first report on the antibiofilm properties of this class of compounds. The antibiofilm activity of these 2,3-pyrrolidinediones has been assessed through minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) assays. The compounds displayed antibiofilm properties and represent intriguing scaffolds for further optimization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Nie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - M Alejandro Valdes-Pena
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bram H Frohock
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Emma Smits
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jennifer C Daiker
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jessica M Gilbertie
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Joshua G Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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3
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Yan J, Yang Z, Xie J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Shewanella putrefaciens WS13 Biofilms Under Cold Stress. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851521. [PMID: 35811677 PMCID: PMC9257041 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause seafood spoilage under low-temperature conditions. The bacterium easily forms biofilms to enhance its survival in challenging environments. Our previous research revealed that the biofilm formed by S. putrefaciens WS13 under the low temperature (4 °C) has larger biomass and tighter structure than at an optimum growth temperature (30 °C). In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis was further performed to get insights into the global-level of gene expression in the biofilm formed by S. putrefaciens WS13 under the refrigerating and optimal temperatures using Illumina RNA-Sequencing technique. The results revealed that a total of 761 genes were differentially expressed, of which 497 were significantly up-regulated and 264 were significantly down-regulated (p<0.05). The qRT-PCR results of randomly selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) confirmed the RNA sequencing results. Comparison of transcriptome data revealed 28 significantly changed metabolic pathways under the cold stress, including the down-regulated chemotaxis, and motility, and up-regulated tryptophan metabolism, histidine biosynthesis, and quorum sensing, which benefited the biofilm formation of S. putrefaciens WS13 under the adverse circumstance. This study provided useful data for better understanding of the biofilm formation of S. putrefaciens, and also laid a theoretical foundation for novel vaccine and drug targets against the severe spoilage bacterium under the cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Aquatic Products in Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Aquatic Products in Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Xie,
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4
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Proteome of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Changes Significantly with Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126415. [PMID: 35742863 PMCID: PMC9223533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious biofilm-producing pathogen that is frequently isolated from implantable medical device infections. As biofilm ages, it becomes more tolerant to antimicrobial treatment leading to treatment failure and necessitating the costly removal of infected devices. In this study, we performed in-solution digestion followed by TMT-based high-throughput mass spectrometry and investigated what changes occur in the proteome of S. aureus biofilm grown for 3-days and 12-days in comparison with 24 h planktonic. It showed that proteins associated with biosynthetic processes, ABC transporter pathway, virulence proteins, and shikimate kinase pathway were significantly upregulated in a 3-day biofilm, while proteins associated with sugar transporter, degradation, and stress response were downregulated. Interestingly, in a 3-day biofilm, we observed numerous proteins involved in the central metabolism pathways which could lead to biofilm growth under diverse environments by providing an alternative metabolic route to utilize energy. In 12-day biofilms, proteins associated with peptidoglycan biosynthesis, sugar transporters, and stress responses were upregulated, whereas proteins associated with ABC transporters, DNA replication, and adhesion proteins were downregulated. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that more proteins are involved in metabolic processes in 3dwb compared with 12dwb. Furthermore, we observed significant variations in the formation of biofilms resulting from changes in the level of metabolic activity in the different growth modes of biofilms that could be a significant factor in S. aureus biofilm maturation and persistence. Collectively, potential marker proteins were identified and further characterized to understand their exact role in S. aureus biofilm development, which may shed light on possible new therapeutic regimes in the treatment of biofilm-related implant-associated infections.
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5
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Liu Z, Li L, Fang Z, Lee Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Li H, Lu W. Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Genes and Metabolites Involved in Bifidobacterium bifidum Biofilm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147596. [PMID: 34299216 PMCID: PMC8304991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium bifidum strains, an important component of probiotic foods, can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, leading to increased self-resistance. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of B. bifidum biofilm formation. A time series transcriptome sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis of both B. bifidum biofilm and planktonic cells was performed to identify key genes and metabolites involved in biofilm formation. Two hundred thirty-five nonredundant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including vanY, pstS, degP, groS, infC, groL, yajC, tadB and sigA) and 219 nonredundant differentially expressed metabolites (including L-threonine, L-cystine, L-tyrosine, ascorbic acid, niacinamide, butyric acid and sphinganine) were identified. Thirteen pathways were identified during the integration of both transcriptomics and metabolomics data, including ABC transporters; quorum sensing; two-component system; oxidative phosphorylation; cysteine and methionine metabolism; glutathione metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; and valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis. The DEGs that relate to the integration pathways included asd, atpB, degP, folC, ilvE, metC, pheA, pstS, pyrE, serB, ulaE, yajC and zwf. The differentially accumulated metabolites included L-cystine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tyrosine, methylmalonate, monodehydroascorbate, nicotinamide, orthophosphate, spermine and tocopherol. These results indicate that quorum sensing, two-component system and amino acid metabolism are essential during B. bifidum biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhifeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuankun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore;
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.L.); (L.L.); (Z.F.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.); (H.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-85197302
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6
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Katoziyan A, Imani Fooladi AA, Taheri RA, Vatanpour S. Multi-drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Baqiyatallah hospital: a Primary Step Towards Digital Health Biomonitoring Systems. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 19:321-328. [PMID: 33680033 PMCID: PMC7758007 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112966.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the drug-resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Baqiyatallah hospital within 2010–2019 and to present a novel monitoring and detection system making use of molecular laboratory methods teamed with molecular delimitation analyses. This in turn is a primary step to establishment of a digital health system within Baqiyatallah hospital as a perfect pilot instance for other hospitals to follow upon. Totally, 100 patients of Baqiyatallah hospital suspicious of Staphylococcus aureus infections were sampled. Bacterial identity confirmations were done using routine biochemical test. Antibiograms were made for all the patients in this study. Consequently, bacterial total DNA was extracted and 16S rDNA gene amplified and sequenced for all patients. To uncover any cryptic strain grouping within the samples, a molecular delimitation method, i.e. automated barcode gap discovery (ABGD), was done. Our results showed Ceftaroline to be the most and Erythromycin and Oxacillin the least effective drugs. Delimitation uncovered 19 groups out of which group 19 seemed to have location-specific genetic signals in regards to susceptibility of Erythromycin and Oxacillin. Our results indicate the importance of genetic identification of bacteria with respect to their genetic patterns before antibiotic administration in order to both reduce unnecessary medicine use and to biomonitor the bacterial patterns in respect to their behavior towards general antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Katoziyan
- Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, School of Biology, University of Tehran, Iran.,Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Vatanpour
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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7
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Genes Involved in Bifidobacterium Longum FGSZY16M3 Biofilm Formation. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020385. [PMID: 33672820 PMCID: PMC7917626 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation has evolved as an adaptive strategy for bacteria to cope with harsh environmental conditions. Currently, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation in bifidobacteria. A time series transcriptome sequencing analysis of both biofilm and planktonic cells of Bifidobacterium longum FGSZY16M3 was performed to identify candidate genes involved in biofilm formation. Protein–protein interaction network analysis of 1296 differentially expressed genes during biofilm formation yielded 15 clusters of highly interconnected nodes, indicating that genes related to the SOS response (dnaK, groS, guaB, ruvA, recA, radA, recN, recF, pstA, and sufD) associated with the early stage of biofilm formation. Genes involved in extracellular polymeric substances were upregulated (epsH, epsK, efp, frr, pheT, rfbA, rfbJ, rfbP, rpmF, secY and yidC) in the stage of biofilm maturation. To further investigate the genes related to biofilm formation, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed with 2032 transcript genes, leading to the identification of nine WGCNA modules and 133 genes associated with response to stress, regulation of gene expression, quorum sensing, and two-component system. These results indicate that biofilm formation in B. longum is a multifactorial process, involving stress response, structural development, and regulatory processes.
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A Celecoxib Derivative Eradicates Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Biofilms by Targeting YidC2 Translocase. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239312. [PMID: 33297331 PMCID: PMC7730571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections is impeded by the prevalence of MRSA and the formation of persisters and biofilms. Previously, we identified two celecoxib derivatives, Cpd36 and Cpd46, to eradicate MRSA and other staphylococci. Through whole-genome resequencing, we obtained several lines of evidence that these compounds might act by targeting the membrane protein translocase YidC2. Our data showed that ectopic expression of YidC2 in S. aureus decreased the bacterial susceptibility to Cpd36 and Cpd46, and that the YidC2-mediated tolerance to environmental stresses was suppressed by both compounds. Moreover, the membrane translocation of ATP synthase subunit c, a substrate of YidC2, was blocked by Cpd46, leading to a reduction in bacterial ATP production. Furthermore, we found that the thermal stability of bacterial YidC2 was enhanced, and introducing point mutations into the substrate-interacting cavity of YidC2 had a dramatic effect on Cpd36 binding via surface plasmon resonance assays. Finally, we demonstrated that these YidC2 inhibitors could effectively eradicate MRSA persisters and biofilms. Our findings highlight the potential of impeding YidC2-mediated translocation of membrane proteins as a new strategy for the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Qian Y, Xia L, Wei L, Li D, Jiang W. Artesunate inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation by reducing alpha-toxin synthesis. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:707-717. [PMID: 33040179 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens in bacterial biofilm infections. Antibiotic treatment for infection caused by S. aureus biofilms is challenging, and few effective strategies have been developed to combat these infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of artesunate on the biofilm formation of S. aureus. Bacterial growth curves were determined by a microtiter plate. Biofilm formation was determined by the crystal violet staining method and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial adhesion was assayed by the colony-counting method. The expression of virulence and adhesion genes was determined by real-time PCR. The hemolytic activity and expression of ɑ-hemolysin were analyzed using rabbit erythrocytes and Western blotting. The results showed that artesunate could significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Artesunate could also inhibit bacterial adhesion and the expression of hla, RNAIII and agrA as well as ɑ-hemolysin production. The effect of artesunate on adhesion genes (clfA, clfB, fnbA, fnbB) had strain specificity, but it did not affect the expression of ica genes. The results indicated that artesunate might inhibit ɑ-hemolysin synthesis by the agr system, which inhibits biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Liver Disease, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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10
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Streptococcus mutans yidC1
and
yidC2
Impact Cell Envelope Biogenesis, the Biofilm Matrix, and Biofilm Biophysical Properties. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00396-18. [DOI: 10.1128/jb.00396-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
YidC proteins are membrane-localized chaperone insertases that are universally conserved in all bacteria and are traditionally studied in the context of membrane protein insertion and assembly. Both YidC paralogs of the cariogenic pathogen
Streptococcus mutans
are required for proper envelope biogenesis and full virulence, indicating that these proteins may also contribute to optimal biofilm formation in streptococci. Here, we show that the deletion of either
yidC
results in changes to the structure and physical properties of the EPS matrix produced by
S. mutans
, ultimately impairing optimal biofilm development, diminishing its mechanical stability, and facilitating its removal. Importantly, the universal conservation of bacterial
yidC
orthologs, combined with our findings, provide a rationale for YidC as a possible drug target for antibiofilm therapies.
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