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Longhena F, Boujebene R, Brembati V, Sandre M, Bubacco L, Abbate S, Longhi G, Bellucci A. Nanorod-associated plasmonic circular dichroism monitors the handedness and composition of α-synuclein fibrils from Parkinson's disease models and post-mortem brain. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39318230 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Human full-length (fl) αSyn fibrils, key neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), generate intense optical activity corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of interacting gold nanorods. Herein, we analysed fibril-enriched protein extracts from mouse and human brain samples as well as from SK-N-SH cell lines with or without human fl and C-terminally truncated (Ctt) αSyn overexpression and exposed them to αSyn monomers, recombinant fl αSyn fibrils or Ctt αSyn fibrils. In vitro-generated human recombinant fl and Ctt αSyn fibrils and fibrils purified from SK-N-SH cells with fl or Ctt αSyn overexpression were also analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to gain insights into the nanorod-fibril complexes. We found that under the same experimental conditions, bisignate circular dichroism (CD) spectra of Ctt αSyn fibrils exhibited a blue-wavelength shift compared to that of fl αSyn fibrils. TEM results supported that this could be attributed to the different properties of nanorods. In our experimental conditions, fibril-enriched PD brain extract broadened the longitudinal surface plasmonic band with a bisignate CD couplet centred corresponding to the absorption band maximum. Plasmonic CD (PCD) couplets of in vivo- and in vitro-generated fibrils displayed sign reversal, suggesting their opposite handedness. Moreover, the incubation of in vitro-generated human recombinant fl αSyn fibrils in mouse brain extracts from αSyn null mice resulted in PCD couplet inversion, indicating that the biological environment may shape the handedness of αSyn fibrils. These findings support that nanorod-based PCD can provide useful information on the composition and features of αSyn fibrils from biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Longhena
- Department of molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences-Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road CB2 0AH, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rihab Boujebene
- Department of molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Viviana Brembati
- Department of molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Michele Sandre
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Department of molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO-CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, c/o CSMT, Via Branze 35, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Department of molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO-CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, c/o CSMT, Via Branze 35, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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Přáda Brichtová E, Krupová M, Bouř P, Lindo V, Gomes Dos Santos A, Jackson SE. Glucagon-like peptide 1 aggregates into low-molecular-weight oligomers off-pathway to fibrillation. Biophys J 2023; 122:2475-2488. [PMID: 37138517 PMCID: PMC10323027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical stability of peptide-based drugs is of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a 31-amino acid peptide hormone, the analogs of which are frequently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the physical stability of GLP-1 and its C-terminal amide derivative, GLP-1-Am, both of which aggregate into amyloid fibrils. While off-pathway oligomers have been proposed to explain the unusual aggregation kinetics observed previously for GLP-1 under specific conditions, these oligomers have not been studied in any detail. Such states are important as they may represent potential sources of cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. Here, we identified and isolated stable, low-molecular-weight oligomers of GLP-1 and GLP-1-Am, using size-exclusion chromatography. Under the conditions studied, isolated oligomers were shown to be resistant to fibrillation or dissociation. These oligomers contain between two and five polypeptide chains and they have a highly disordered structure as indicated by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. They are highly stable with respect to time, temperature, or agitation despite their noncovalent character, which was established using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results provide evidence of stable, low-molecular-weight oligomers that are formed by an off-pathway mechanism which competes with amyloid fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Přáda Brichtová
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Krupová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Viv Lindo
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophie E Jackson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Estaun-Panzano J, Arotcarena ML, Bezard E. Monitoring α-synuclein aggregation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105966. [PMID: 36527982 PMCID: PMC9875312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), are characterized by the misfolding and subsequent aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions bodies in the cells of affected brain regions. Since the seminal report of likely-aggregated α-syn presence within the Lewy bodies by Spillantini et al. in 1997, the keyword "synuclein aggregation" has appeared in over 6000 papers (Source: PubMed October 2022). Studying, observing, describing, and quantifying α-syn aggregation is therefore of paramount importance, whether it happens in tubo, in vitro, in post-mortem samples, or in vivo. The past few years have witnessed tremendous progress in understanding aggregation mechanisms and identifying various polymorphs. In this context of growing complexity, it is of utmost importance to understand what tools we possess, what exact information they provide, and in what context they may be applied. Nonetheless, it is also crucial to rationalize the relevance of the information and the limitations of these methods for gauging the final result. In this review, we present the main techniques that have shaped the current views about α-syn structure and dynamics, with particular emphasis on the recent breakthroughs that may change our understanding of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Carnazza KE, Komer LE, Xie YX, Pineda A, Briano JA, Gao V, Na Y, Ramlall T, Buchman VL, Eliezer D, Sharma M, Burré J. Synaptic vesicle binding of α-synuclein is modulated by β- and γ-synucleins. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110675. [PMID: 35417693 PMCID: PMC9116446 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein, β-synuclein, and γ-synuclein are abundantly expressed proteins in the vertebrate nervous system. α-synuclein functions in neurotransmitter release by binding to and clustering synaptic vesicles and chaperoning SNARE-complex assembly. Pathologically, aggregates originating from soluble pools of α-synuclein are deposited into Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. The functions of β-synuclein and γ-synuclein in presynaptic terminals remain poorly studied. Using in vitro liposome binding studies, circular dichroism spectroscopy, immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments on isolated synaptic vesicles in combination with subcellular fractionation of brains from synuclein mouse models, we show that β-synuclein and γ-synuclein have a reduced affinity toward synaptic vesicles compared with α-synuclein, and that heteromerization of β-synuclein or γ-synuclein with α-synuclein results in reduced synaptic vesicle binding of α-synuclein in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data suggest that β-synuclein and γ-synuclein are modulators of synaptic vesicle binding of α-synuclein and thereby reduce α-synuclein's physiological activity at the neuronal synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Carnazza
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lauren E Komer
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ying Xue Xie
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - André Pineda
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Juan Antonio Briano
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Virginia Gao
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yoonmi Na
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Trudy Ramlall
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Vladimir L Buchman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF103AX, UK; Belgorod State National Research University, 85 Pobedy Street, Belgorod, Belgorod 308015, Russian Federation
| | - David Eliezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Manu Sharma
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jacqueline Burré
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Pons ML, Loftus N, Vialaret J, Moreau S, Lehmann S, Hirtz C. Proteomics Challenges for the Assessment of Synuclein Proteoforms as Clinical Biomarkers in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:818606. [PMID: 35431896 PMCID: PMC9009522 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.818606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder resulting in a multifaceted clinical presentation which includes bradykinesia combined with either rest tremor, rigidity, or both, as well as many non-motor symptoms. The motor features of the disorder are associated with the pathological form of alpha synuclein aggregates and fibrils in Lewy bodies and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkinson’s disease is increasingly considered as a group of underlying disorders with unique genetic, biological, and molecular abnormalities that are likely to respond differentially to a given therapeutic approach. For this reason, it is clinically challenging to treat and at present, no therapy can slow down or arrest the progression of Parkinson’s disease. There is a clear unmet clinical need to develop reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. When disease-modifying treatments become available, prognostic biomarkers are required to support a definitive diagnosis and clinical intervention during the long prodromal period as no clinical implications or symptoms are observed. Robust diagnostic biomarkers would also be useful to monitor treatment response. Potential biomarkers for the sporadic form of Parkinson’s disease have mostly included synuclein species (monomer, oligomer, phosphorylated, Lewy Body enriched fraction and isoforms). In this review, we consider the analysis of synuclein and its proteoforms in biological samples using proteomics techniques (immunoassay and mass spectrometry) applied to neurodegenerative disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Pons
- IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Shimadzu Corporation, Duisburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marie-Laure Pons,
| | - Neil Loftus
- Shimadzu Corporation, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Vialaret
- IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvain Lehmann
- IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Hayashi J, Carver JA. β-Synuclein: An Enigmatic Protein with Diverse Functionality. Biomolecules 2022; 12:142. [PMID: 35053291 PMCID: PMC8773819 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) is a small, unstructured, presynaptic protein expressed in the brain. Its aggregated form is a major component of Lewy bodies, the large proteinaceous deposits in Parkinson's disease. The closely related protein, β-Synuclein (βS), is co-expressed with αS. In vitro, βS acts as a molecular chaperone to inhibit αS aggregation. As a result of this assignation, βS has been largely understudied in comparison to αS. However, recent reports suggest that βS promotes neurotoxicity, implying that βS is involved in other cellular pathways with functions independent of αS. Here, we review the current literature pertaining to human βS in order to understand better the role of βS in homeostasis and pathology. Firstly, the structure of βS is discussed. Secondly, the ability of βS to (i) act as a molecular chaperone; (ii) regulate synaptic function, lipid binding, and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system; (iii) mediate apoptosis; (iv) participate in protein degradation pathways; (v) modulate intracellular metal levels; and (vi) promote cellular toxicity and protein aggregation is explored. Thirdly, the P123H and V70M mutations of βS, which are associated with dementia with Lewy bodies, are discussed. Finally, the importance of post-translational modifications on the structure and function of βS is reviewed. Overall, it is concluded that βS has both synergistic and antagonistic interactions with αS, but it may also possess important cellular functions independent of αS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A. Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;
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Kurochka A, Průša J, Kessler J, Kapitán J, Bouř P. α-Synuclein conformations followed by vibrational optical activity. Simulation and understanding of the spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16635-16645. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For α-synuclein novel structural markers were identified in vibrational optical activity spectra and supported by theoretical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Kurochka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences
- 16610 Prague
- Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
| | - Jiří Průša
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences
- 16610 Prague
- Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
| | - Jiří Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences
- 16610 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kapitán
- Department of Optics
- Palacký University Olomouc
- Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences
- 16610 Prague
- Czech Republic
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8
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Krupová M, Kessler J, Bouř P. Polymorphism of Amyloid Fibrils Induced by Catalytic Seeding: A Vibrational Circular Dichroism Study. Chemphyschem 2020; 22:83-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Krupová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Ke Karlovu 3 12116 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
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Solid-state vibrational circular dichroism studies on the conformation of an amino acid molecule in crystalline state. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Krupová M, Kessler J, Bouř P. Recent Trends in Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications of Vibrational Circular Dichroism and Raman Optical Activity. Chempluschem 2020; 85:561-575. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Krupová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University Ke Karlovu 3 12116 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prague Czech Republic
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Keiderling TA. Structure of Condensed Phase Peptides: Insights from Vibrational Circular Dichroism and Raman Optical Activity Techniques. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3381-3419. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Keiderling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street m/c 111, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
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Kawamura I, Sato H. Solid-state vibrational circular dichroism studies of L- and D-serine. Anal Biochem 2019; 580:14-20. [PMID: 31153871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
d-Serine is considered a key endogenous substance involved in several enzymatic reactions in the human body. In this study, solid-state vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) measurements of enantiomeric serine were performed for spectroscopic distinction between d- and l-serine. The mirror-image VCD signals of the isomers in the KBr pellets were observed in the mid-infrared range of 1800-1250 cm-1. The calculated infrared (IR) and VCD spectra for the optimized serine structures were in good agreement with the corresponding observed spectra. In addition, the chemical shift values estimated from the shielding constants of the optimized structure of serine corresponded with the observed values in 13C and 15N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, supporting the VCD assignments. Our results suggest the need for further study of VCD to develop a sensitive and high-resolution spectroscopic technique for the detection of d-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuru Kawamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 240-8501, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hisako Sato
- (b)Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 790-8577, Matsuyama, Japan.
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