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Shahjahan T, Javed B, Sharma V, Tian F. pH and NaCl Optimisation to Improve the Stability of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles' Anti-Zearalenone Antibody Conjugates for Immunochromatographic Assay. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:93. [PMID: 37888025 PMCID: PMC10609120 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research is to define optimal conditions to improve the stability of gold and silver nanoparticles' anti-zearalenone antibody conjugates for their utilisation in lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA). The Turkevich-Frens method was used to synthesise gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which were between 10 and 110 nm in diameter. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a size distribution of 2.5 to 100 nm were synthesised using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The onset of AuNP and AgNP aggregation occurred at 150 mM and 80 mM NaCl concentrations, respectively. Stable Au and Ag nanoparticle-antibody conjugates were achieved at 1.2 mM of K2CO3 concentration, which corresponds to the pH value of ≈7. Lastly, the highest degree of conjugation between Au and Ag nanoparticles and anti-zearalenone antibodies was at 4 and 6 µg/mL of antibody concentrations. The optimisation of the conjugation conditions can contribute to better stability of nanoparticles and their antibody conjugate and can improve the reproducibility of results of bioreporter molecules in biosensing lateral flow devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thasmin Shahjahan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland (F.T.)
| | - Bilal Javed
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland (F.T.)
- Nano Lab, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
- RELX Elsevier, D18 X6N2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vinayak Sharma
- Nano Lab, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Furong Tian
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland (F.T.)
- Nano Lab, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Pranav, Laskar P, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Biomolecule-functionalized nanoformulations for prostate cancer theranostics. J Adv Res 2023; 51:197-217. [PMID: 36368516 PMCID: PMC10491979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even with the advancement in the areas of cancer nanotechnology, prostate cancer still poses a major threat to men's health. Nanomaterials and nanomaterial-derived theranostic systems have been explored for diagnosis, imaging, and therapy for different types of cancer still, for prostate cancer they have not delivered at full potential because of the limitations like in vivo biocompatibility, immune responses, precise targetability, and therapeutic outcome associated with the nanostructured system. AIM OF REVIEW Functionalizing nanomaterials with different biomolecules and bioactive agents provides advantages like specificity towards cancerous tumors, improved circulation time, and modulation of the immune response leading to early diagnosis and targeted delivery of cargo at the site of action. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, we have emphasized the classification and comparison of various nanomaterials based on biofunctionalization strategy and source of biomolecules such that it can be used for possible translation in clinical settings and future developments. This review highlighted the opportunities for embedding highly specific biological targeting moieties (antibody, aptamer, oligonucleotides, biopolymer, peptides, etc.) on nanoparticles which can improve the detection of prostate cancer-associated biomarkers at a very low limit of detection, direct visualization of prostate tumors and lastly for its therapy. Lastly, special emphasis was given to biomimetic nanomaterials which include functionalization with extracellular vesicles, exosomes and viral particles and their application for prostate cancer early detection and drug delivery. The present review paves a new pathway for next-generation biofunctionalized nanomaterials for prostate cancer theranostic application and their possibility in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Partha Laskar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA.
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3
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Zhu X, Ma N, Wan Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yan C, Qian W. Evaluation of covalent coupling strategies for immobilizing ligands on silica colloidal crystal films by optical interferometry. Analyst 2023; 148:1024-1031. [PMID: 36723219 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02079c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Immobilizing ligands is a crucial part of preparing optical sensors and directly connected to the sensitivity, stability, and other characteristics of sensors. In this work, an ordered porous layer interferometry (OPLI) system that can monitor the covalent coupling process of ligands in real time was developed. Films of silica colloidal crystal (SCC), as optical interference substrates, were surface modified by three different reagents: chloroacetic acid, glutaric anhydride, and carboxymethyl dextran. Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA), the ligand, was immobilized on SCC films. The covalent coupling process of SPA and SCC films can be dynamically monitored by the OPLI system. In addition, the three different strategies were evaluated by comparing the efficiency of the sensors prepared by different methods for binding Immunoglobulin G (IgG). The glutaric anhydride-modified sensor offers apparent advantages in terms of bound IgG quantity and affinity. This system provides a simple and intuitive way to determine the efficiency of different covalent coupling strategies. Furthermore, the sensor covalently coupled with SPA also excels in the determination of IgG content in complex systems such as milk. At the same time, the covalent coupling gives the sensor the ability to be stored stably over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Yizhen Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Chengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Weiping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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4
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Pu R, Zhan Q, Peng X, Liu S, Guo X, Liang L, Qin X, Zhao ZW, Liu X. Super-resolution microscopy enabled by high-efficiency surface-migration emission depletion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6636. [PMID: 36333290 PMCID: PMC9636245 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear depletion of fluorescence states by stimulated emission constitutes the basis of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Despite significant efforts over the past decade, achieving super-resolution at low saturation intensities by STED remains a major technical challenge. By harnessing the surface quenching effect in NaGdF4:Yb/Tm nanocrystals, we report here high-efficiency emission depletion through surface migration. Using a dual-beam, continuous-wave laser manipulation scheme (975-nm excitation and 730-nm de-excitation), we achieved an emission depletion efficiency of over 95% and a low saturation intensity of 18.3 kW cm-2. Emission depletion by surface migration through gadolinium sublattices enables super-resolution imaging with sub-20 nm lateral resolution. Our approach circumvents the fundamental limitation of high-intensity STED microscopy, providing autofluorescence-free, re-excitation-background-free imaging with a saturation intensity over three orders of magnitude lower than conventional fluorophores. We also demonstrated super-resolution imaging of actin filaments in Hela cells labeled with 8-nm nanoparticles. Combined with the highly photostable lanthanide luminescence, surface-migration emission depletion (SMED) could provide a powerful mechanism for low-power, super-resolution imaging or biological tracking as well as super-resolved optical sensing/writing and lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China ,grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397MOE Key laboratory & Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 P. R. China
| | - Xingyun Peng
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Siying Liu
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- grid.263785.d0000 0004 0368 7397Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Liang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Xian Qin
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Ziqing Winston Zhao
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117557 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
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5
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Degirmenci A, Yeter Bas G, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. “Clickable” Polymer Brush Interfaces: Tailoring Monovalent to Multivalent Ligand Display for Protein Immobilization and Sensing. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1672-1684. [PMID: 36128725 PMCID: PMC9501913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Facile and effective functionalization of the interface
of polymer-coated
surfaces allows one to dictate the interaction of the underlying material
with the chemical and biological analytes in its environment. Herein,
we outline a modular approach that would enable installing a variety
of “clickable” handles onto the surface of polymer brushes,
enabling facile conjugation of various ligands to obtain functional
interfaces. To this end, hydrophilic anti-biofouling poly(ethylene
glycol)-based polymer brushes are fabricated on glass-like silicon
oxide surfaces using reversible addition–fragmentation chain
transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The dithioester group at the chain-end
of the polymer brushes enabled the installation of azide, maleimide,
and terminal alkene functional groups, using a post-polymerization
radical exchange reaction with appropriately functionalized azo-containing
molecules. Thus, modified polymer brushes underwent facile conjugation
of alkyne or thiol-containing dyes and ligands using alkyne–azide
cycloaddition, Michael addition, and radical thiol–ene conjugation,
respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that the radical exchange approach
also enables the installation of multivalent motifs using dendritic
azo-containing molecules. Terminal alkene groups containing dendrons
amenable to functionalization with thiol-containing molecules using
the radical thiol–ene reaction were installed at the interface
and subsequently functionalized with mannose ligands to enable sensing
of the Concanavalin A lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yeter Bas
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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Cao Y, Wu J, Zheng X, Lu Y, Piper JA, Lu Y, Packer NH. Assessing the activity of antibodies conjugated to upconversion nanoparticles for immunolabeling. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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7
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Kureha T, Ohira M, Takahashi Y, Li X, Gilbert EP, Shibayama M. Nanoscale Structures of Poly(oligo ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) Hydrogels Revealed by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kureha
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohira
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8685, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Frontier Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Elliot P. Gilbert
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
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8
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Guarding food safety with conventional and up-conversion near-infrared fluorescent sensors. J Adv Res 2022; 41:129-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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9
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Chen Y, Shimoni O, Huang G, Wen S, Liao J, Duong HTT, Maddahfar M, Su QP, Ortega DG, Lu Y, Campbell DH, Walsh BJ, Jin D. Upconversion nanoparticle-assisted single-molecule assay for detecting circulating antigens of aggressive prostate cancer. Cytometry A 2021; 101:400-410. [PMID: 34585823 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and quantitative detection of molecular biomarkers is crucial for the early diagnosis of diseases like metabolic syndrome and cancer. Here we present a single-molecule sandwich immunoassay by imaging the number of single nanoparticles to diagnose aggressive prostate cancer. Our assay employed the photo-stable upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as labels to detect the four types of circulating antigens in blood circulation, including glypican-1 (GPC-1), leptin, osteopontin (OPN), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as their serum concentrations indicate aggressive prostate cancer. Under a wide-field microscope, a single UCNP doped with thousands of lanthanide ions can emit sufficiently bright anti-Stokes' luminescence to become quantitatively detectable. By counting every single streptavidin-functionalized UCNP which specifically labeled on each sandwich immune complex across multiple fields of views, we achieved the Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.0123 ng/ml, 0.2711 ng/ml, 0.1238 ng/ml, and 0.0158 ng/ml for GPC-1, leptin, OPN and VEGF, respectively. The serum circulating level of GPC-1, leptin, OPN, and VEGF in a mixture of 10 healthy normal human serum was 25.17 ng/ml, 18.04 ng/ml, 11.34 ng/ml, and 1.55 ng/ml, which was within the assay dynamic detection range for each analyte. Moreover, a 20% increase of GPC-1 and OPN was observed by spiking the normal human serum with recombinant antigens to confirm the accuracy of the assay. We observed no cross-reactivity among the four biomarker analytes, which eliminates the false positives and enhances the detection accuracy. The developed single upconversion nanoparticle-assisted single-molecule assay suggests its potential in clinical usage for prostate cancer detection by monitoring tiny concentration differences in a panel of serum biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Olga Shimoni
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guan Huang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shihui Wen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jiayan Liao
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hien T T Duong
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mahnaz Maddahfar
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qian Peter Su
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Gallego Ortega
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanling Lu
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Minomic International Ltd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Douglas H Campbell
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Minomic International Ltd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bradley J Walsh
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Minomic International Ltd, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End-user Analysis at Low-levels (IDEAL), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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