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Depaix A, Mlynarska-Cieslak A, Warminski M, Sikorski PJ, Jemielity J, Kowalska J. RNA Ligation for Mono and Dually Labeled RNAs. Chemistry 2021; 27:12190-12197. [PMID: 34114681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Labeled RNAs are invaluable probes for investigation of RNA function and localization. However, mRNA labeling remains challenging. Here, we developed an improved method for 3'-end labeling of in vitro transcribed RNAs. We synthesized novel adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate analogues modified at the N6 or C2 position of adenosine with an azide-containing linker, fluorescent label, or biotin and assessed these constructs as substrates for RNA labeling directly by T4 ligase or via postenzymatic strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). All analogues were substrates for T4 RNA ligase. Analogues containing bulky fluorescent labels or biotin showed better overall labeling yields than postenzymatic SPAAC. We successfully labeled uncapped RNAs, NAD-capped RNAs, and 5'-fluorescently labeled m7 Gp3 Am -capped mRNAs. The obtained highly homogenous dually labeled mRNA was translationally active and enabled fluorescence-based monitoring of decapping. This method will facilitate the use of various functionalized mRNA-based probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Depaix
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mlynarska-Cieslak
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Warminski
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel J Sikorski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Kitagawa H, Kikuchi M, Sato S, Watanabe H, Umezawa N, Kato M, Hisamatsu Y, Umehara T, Higuchi T. Structure-Based Identification of Potent Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 Inhibitor Peptides and Temporary Cyclization to Enhance Proteolytic Stability and Cell Growth-Inhibitory Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3707-3719. [PMID: 33754721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are attractive drug candidates, but their utility is greatly limited by their inherent susceptibility to proteolytic degradation and their inability to pass through the cell membrane. Here, we employ a strategy of temporary cyclization to develop a cell-active lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) inhibitor peptide. We first identified a highly potent LSD1-inhibitory linear peptide, with the assistance of X-ray crystal structure data of inhibitor peptide-bound LSD1·CoREST. The peptide was converted to a redox-activatable cyclic peptide incorporating cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), expecting selective activation under intracellular reducing conditions. The cyclic peptide moiety exhibited enhanced stability to protease and was converted to the linear, unmodified LSD1 inhibitor peptide under reducing conditions. The cyclic peptide with CPP inhibited the proliferation of human acute myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60) in the low micromolar concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masaki Kikuchi
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Maiko Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
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3
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Development and Modification of Pre-miRNAs with a FRET Dye Pair for the Intracellular Visualization of Processing Intermediates That Are Generated in Cells. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051785. [PMID: 33806517 PMCID: PMC7961592 DOI: 10.3390/s21051785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), which regulate gene expression via the RNA interference (RNAi) system. miRNAs have attracted enormous interest because of their biological significance and disease relationship. In cell systems, the generation of miRNA is regulated by multiple steps: the transfer of primary miRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol, the generation of the precursor-miRNA (pre-miRNA), the production of double-stranded RNA from pre-miRNA by the Dicer, the interaction with protein argonaute-2 (AGO2), and the subsequent release of one strand to form miRISC with AGO2. In this study, we attempt to visualize the intermediates that were generated in the miRNA-maturation step in the cells to acquire a detailed understanding of the maturation process of miRNA. To achieve this, we developed pre-miRNAs labeling with a Dicer- or AGO2-responsible fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) dye pair. We observed that modifications with the dye at suitable positions did not interfere with the biological activities of pre-miRNAs. Further, imaging analyses employing these pre-miRNAs demonstrated that the processing of pre-miRNA promoted the accumulation of miRNA at the specific foci in the cytosol. The FRET-labeled pre-miRNA would further elucidate the mechanisms of the RNAi process and provide the basis for development of nucleic acid drugs working in the RNAi system.
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4
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Honcharenko D, Druceikaite K, Honcharenko M, Bollmark M, Tedebark U, Strömberg R. New Alkyne and Amine Linkers for Versatile Multiple Conjugation of Oligonucleotides. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:579-593. [PMID: 33458510 PMCID: PMC7807750 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide (ON) conjugates are increasingly important tools for various molecular diagnostics, nanotechnological applications, and for the development of nucleic acid-based therapies. Multiple labeling of ONs can further equip ON-conjugates and provide improved or additional tailored properties. Typically, the preparation of ON multiconjugates involves additional synthetic steps and/or manipulations in post-ON assembly. This report describes the simplified methodology allowing for multiple labeling of ONs on a solid support and is compatible with phosphodiester as well as phosphorothioate (PS) ONs. The current approach utilizes two novel alkyne- and amino-functionalized linker phosphoramidites that can be readily synthesized from a common aminodiol intermediate in three steps. The combination of new linkers provides orthogonal functionalities, which allow for multiple attachments of similar or varied moieties. The linkers are incorporated into ONs during automated solid-phase ON synthesis, and the conjugation with functional entities is achieved by either amide bond formation or by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The versatility of the approach is demonstrated by the synthesis of 5'-site ON multiconjugates with small molecules, peptides, and fatty acids as well as in the preparation of an internal peptide-ON conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Honcharenko
- Department
of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska
Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kristina Druceikaite
- Department
of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska
Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- RISE
Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 20J, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Bollmark
- RISE
Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 20J, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Ulf Tedebark
- RISE
Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 20J, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department
of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska
Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
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5
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Krasheninina OA, Fishman VS, Lomzov AA, Ustinov AV, Venyaminova AG. Postsynthetic On-Column 2' Functionalization of RNA by Convenient Versatile Method. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5127. [PMID: 32698484 PMCID: PMC7404181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a universal straightforward strategy for the chemical synthesis of modified oligoribonucleotides containing functional groups of different structures at the 2' position of ribose. The on-column synthetic concept is based on the incorporation of two types of commercial nucleotide phosphoramidites containing orthogonal 2'-O-protecting groups, namely 2'-O-thiomorpholine-carbothioate (TC, as "permanent") and 2'-O-tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl (tBDMS, as "temporary"), to RNA during solid-phase synthesis. Subsequently, the support-bound RNA undergoes selective deprotection and follows postsynthetic 2' functionalization of the naked hydroxyl group. This convenient method to tailor RNA, utilizing the advantages of solid phase approaches, gives an opportunity to introduce site-specifically a wide range of linkers and functional groups. By this strategy, a series of RNAs containing diverse 2' functionalities were synthesized and studied with respect to their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Krasheninina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Veniamin S. Fishman
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS Lavrentiev Ave. 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Alexander A. Lomzov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.L.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Alexey V. Ustinov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.L.); (A.G.V.)
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6
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Hagen T, Malinowska AL, Lightfoot HL, Bigatti M, Hall J. Site-Specific Fluorophore Labeling of Guanosines in RNA G-Quadruplexes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8472-8479. [PMID: 31459936 PMCID: PMC6648711 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
RNA G-quadruplexes are RNA secondary structures that are implicated in many cellular processes. Although conventional biophysical techniques are widely used for their in vitro characterization, more advanced methods are needed to study complex equilibria and the kinetics of their folding. We have developed a new Förster resonance energy-transfer-based method to detect the folding of RNA G-quadruplexes, which is enabled by labeling the 2'-positions of participating guanosines with fluorophores. Importantly, this does not interfere with the required anti conformation of the nucleobase in a quadruplex with parallel topology. Sequential click reactions on the solid phase and in solution using a stop-and-go strategy circumvented the issue of unselective cross-labeling. We exemplified the method on a series of sequences under different assay conditions. In contrast to the commonly used end-labeling approach, our internal labeling strategy would also allow the study of G-quadruplex formation in long functional RNAs.
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7
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Walder B, Berk C, Liao WC, Rossini AJ, Schwarzwälder M, Pradere U, Hall J, Lesage A, Copéret C, Emsley L. One- and Two-Dimensional High-Resolution NMR from Flat Surfaces. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:515-523. [PMID: 30937379 PMCID: PMC6439530 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Determining atomic-level characteristics of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces is one of the fundamental challenges in chemistry. High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) could deliver rich structural information, but its application to two-dimensional materials has been prevented by intrinsically low sensitivity. Here we obtain high-resolution one- and two-dimensional 31P NMR spectra from as little as 160 picomoles of oligonucleotide functionalities deposited onto silicate glass and sapphire wafers. This is enabled by a factor >105 improvement in sensitivity compared to typical NMR approaches from combining dynamic nuclear polarization methods, multiple-echo acquisition, and optimized sample formulation. We demonstrate that, with this ultrahigh NMR sensitivity, 31P NMR can be used to observe DNA bound to miRNA, to sense conformational changes due to ion binding, and to follow photochemical degradation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan
J. Walder
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Berk
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH−8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH−8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron J. Rossini
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
| | - Martin Schwarzwälder
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH−8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ugo Pradere
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH−8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH−8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Lesage
- Institut
de Sciences Analytiques, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts
Champs, Université de Lyon (CNRS/ENS
Lyon/UCB Lyon 1), 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH−8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- E-mail:
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8
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Pradère U, Halloy F, Hall J. Chemical synthesis of long RNAs with terminal 5'-phosphate groups. Chemistry 2017; 23:5210-5213. [PMID: 28295757 PMCID: PMC5413853 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Long structured RNAs are useful biochemical and biological tools. They are usually prepared enzymatically, but this precludes their site-specific modification with functional groups for chemical biology studies. One solution is to perform solid-phase synthesis of multiple RNAs loaded with 5'-terminal phosphate groups, so that RNAs can be concatenated using template ligation reactions. However, there are currently no readily available reagents suitable for the incorporation of the phosphate group into long RNAs by solid-phase synthesis. Here we describe an easy-to-prepare phosphoramidite reagent suitable for the chemical introduction of 5'-terminal phosphate groups into long RNAs. The phosphate is protected by a dinitrobenzhydryl group that serves as an essential lipophilic group for the separation of oligonucleotide by-products. The phosphate is unmasked quantitatively by brief UV irradiation. We demonstrate the value of this reagent in the preparation of a library of long structured RNAs that are site-specifically modified with functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Pradère
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich8093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - François Halloy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich8093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich8093ZürichSwitzerland
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9
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Abstract
Background Emerging evidence indicates that plant miRNAs can present within human circulating system through dietary intake and regulate human gene expression. Hence we deduced that comestible plants miRNAs can be identified in the public available small RNA sequencing data sets. Results In this study, we identified abundant plant miRNAs sequences from 410 human plasma small RNA sequencing data sets. One particular plant miRNA miR2910, conserved in fruits and vegetables, was found to present in high relative amount in the plasma samples. This miRNA, with same 6mer and 7mer-A1 target seed sequences as hsa-miR-4259 and hsa-miR-4715-5p, was predicted to target human JAK-STAT signaling pathway gene SPRY4 and transcription regulation genes. Conclusions Through analysis of public available plasma small RNA sequencing data, we found the supporting evidence for the plant miRNAs cross kingdom RNAi within human circulating system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3502-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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10
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Jezowska M, Honcharenko D, Ghidini A, Strömberg R, Honcharenko M. Enabling Multiple Conjugation to Oligonucleotides Using "Click Cycles". Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2620-2628. [PMID: 27756130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of multiply functionalized oligonucleotides (ONs) utilizing a novel H-phosphonate alkyne-based linker for multiple functionalization (LMF) is developed. The strategy allows for the conjugation of various active entities to oligonucleotide through the postsynthetic attachment of LMF at the 5'-terminus of ONs using H-phosphonate chemistry followed by conjugation of various entities via [3 + 2] copper(I) catalyzed cycloaddition in a stepwise manner. Each cycle is composed of attachment of the LMF followed by a click reaction with azido-containing units. Sequential solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotide conjugates containing three attached entities was performed using an acetylated form of MIF peptide conjugated to azido linker, achieving high conversions at each unit addition. In addition, to show the versatility of the method, oligonucleotide conjugates with several different classes of compounds were synthesized. Each conjugate containing three different entities, whose structure and function varied (e.g., sugars, peptides, fluorescent labels, and m3G-Caps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jezowska
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dmytro Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alice Ghidini
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Malgorzata Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum , SE-14183 Huddinge, Sweden
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11
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Menzi M, Pradère U, Wang Y, Fischer M, Baumann F, Bigatti M, Hall J. Site-Specific Labeling of MicroRNA Precursors: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2012-2017. [PMID: 27577972 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized oligoribonucleotides are essential tools in RNA chemical biology. Various synthetic routes have been developed over recent years to conjugate functional groups to oligoribonucleotides. However, the presence of the functional group on the oligoribonucleotide backbone can lead to partial or total loss of biological function. The limited knowledge concerning the positioning of functional groups therefore represents a hurdle for the development of oligoribonucleotide chemical tools. Here we describe a systematic investigation of site-specific labeling of pre-miRNAs to identify positions for the incorporation of functional groups, in order not to hinder their processing into active mature miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Menzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ugo Pradère
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yuluan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Fischer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Baumann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Bigatti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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12
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Maruani A, Richards DA, Chudasama V. Dual modification of biomolecules. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6165-78. [PMID: 27278999 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of novel bioorthogonal reactions and "click" chemistry, an increasing number of strategies for the single labelling of proteins and oligonucleotides have emerged. Whilst several methods exist for the site-selective introduction of a single chemical moiety, site-selective and bioorthogonal dual modification of biomolecules remains a challenge. The introduction of multiple modules enables a plethora of permutations and combinations and can generate a variety of bioconjuguates with many potential applications. From de novo approaches on oligomers to the post-translational functionalisation of proteins, this review will highlight the main strategies to dually modify biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Maruani
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H OAJ, UK.
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