1
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Gu Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. Bispecific antibody drug conjugates: Making 1+1>2. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1965-1986. [PMID: 38799638 PMCID: PMC11119582 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibody‒drug conjugates (BsADCs) represent an innovative therapeutic category amalgamating the merits of antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Positioned as the next-generation ADC approach, BsADCs hold promise for ameliorating extant clinical challenges associated with ADCs, particularly pertaining to issues such as poor internalization, off-target toxicity, and drug resistance. Presently, ten BsADCs are undergoing clinical trials, and initial findings underscore the imperative for ongoing refinement. This review initially delves into specific design considerations for BsADCs, encompassing target selection, antibody formats, and the linker-payload complex. Subsequent sections delineate the extant progress and challenges encountered by BsADCs, illustrated through pertinent case studies. The amalgamation of BsAbs with ADCs offers a prospective solution to prevailing clinical limitations of ADCs. Nevertheless, the symbiotic interplay among BsAb, linker, and payload necessitates further optimizations and coordination beyond a simplistic "1 + 1" to effectively surmount the extant challenges facing the BsADC domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Gu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
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2
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Ruan D, Wu H, Meng Q, Xu R. Development of antibody-drug conjugates in cancer: Overview and prospects. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:3-22. [PMID: 38159059 PMCID: PMC10794012 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, remarkable breakthroughs have been reported on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), with 15 ADCs successfully entering the market over the past decade. This substantial development has positioned ADCs as one of the fastest-growing domains in the realm of anticancer drugs, demonstrating their efficacy in treating a wide array of malignancies. Nonetheless, there is still an unmet clinical need for wider application, better efficacy, and fewer side effects of ADCs. An ADC generally comprises an antibody, a linker and a payload, and the combination has profound effects on drug structure, pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy. Hence, optimization of the key components provides an opportunity to develop ADCs with higher potency and fewer side effects. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the current development and the prospects of ADC, provided an analysis of marketed ADCs and the ongoing pipelines globally as well as in China, highlighted several ADC platforms and technologies specific to different pharmaceutical enterprises and biotech companies, and also discussed the new related technologies, possibility of next-generation ADCs and the directions of clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Yun Ruan
- Department of Clinical ResearchSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Hao‐Xiang Wu
- Department of Clinical ResearchSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Clinical ResearchSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Rui‐Hua Xu
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
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3
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Rochet LNC, Bahou C, Wojciechowski JP, Koutsopetras I, Britton P, Spears RJ, Thanasi IA, Shao B, Zhong L, Bučar DK, Aliev AE, Porter MJ, Stevens MM, Baker JR, Chudasama V. Use of pyridazinediones for tuneable and reversible covalent cysteine modification applied to peptides, proteins and hydrogels. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13743-13754. [PMID: 38075666 PMCID: PMC10699563 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04976k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Reversible cysteine modification has been found to be a useful tool for a plethora of applications such as selective enzymatic inhibition, activity-based protein profiling and/or cargo release from a protein or a material. However, only a limited number of reagents display reliable dynamic/reversible thiol modification and, in most cases, many of these reagents suffer from issues of stability, a lack of modularity and/or poor rate tunability. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of pyridazinediones as novel reversible and tuneable covalent cysteine modifiers. We show that the electrophilicity of pyridazinediones correlates to the rates of the Michael addition and retro-Michael deconjugation reactions, demonstrating that pyridazinediones provide an enticing platform for readily tuneable and reversible thiol addition/release. We explore the regioselectivity of the novel reaction and unveil the reason for the fundamental increased reactivity of aryl bearing pyridazinediones by using DFT calculations and corroborating findings with SCXRD. We also applied this fundamental discovery to making more rapid disulfide rebridging agents in related work. We finally provide the groundwork for potential applications in various areas with exemplification using readily functionalised "clickable" pyridazinediones on clinically relevant cysteine and disulfide conjugated proteins, as well as on a hydrogel material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa N C Rochet
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Jonathan P Wojciechowski
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ilias Koutsopetras
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France
| | - Phyllida Britton
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Richard J Spears
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Ioanna A Thanasi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Baihao Shao
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Lisha Zhong
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Michael J Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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4
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Akbar A, Khan S, Chatterjee T, Ghosh M. Unleashing the power of porphyrin photosensitizers: Illuminating breakthroughs in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 248:112796. [PMID: 37804542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review provides the current trends and recent developments of porphyrin-based photosensitizers. We discuss their evolution from first-generation to third-generation compounds, including cutting-edge nanoparticle-integrated derivatives, and explores their pivotal role in advancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) for enhanced cancer treatment. Integrating porphyrins with nanoparticles represents a promising avenue, offering improved selectivity, reduced toxicity, and heightened biocompatibility. By elucidating recent breakthroughs, innovative methodologies, and emerging applications, this review provides a panoramic snapshot of the dynamic field, addressing challenges and charting prospects. With a focus on harnessing reactive oxygen species (ROS) through light activation, PDT serves as a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. This article offers a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and PDT enthusiasts, highlighting the potential of porphyrin photosensitizers to improve the future of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibasha Akbar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Syamantak Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Mihir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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5
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Thoreau F, Rochet LNC, Baker JR, Chudasama V. Enabling the formation of native mAb, Fab' and Fc-conjugates using a bis-disulfide bridging reagent to achieve tunable payload-to-antibody ratios (PARs). Chem Sci 2023; 14:3752-3762. [PMID: 37035695 PMCID: PMC10074397 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06318b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Either as full IgGs or as fragments (Fabs, Fc, etc.), antibodies have received tremendous attention in the development of new therapeutics such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The production of ADCs involves the grafting of active payloads onto an antibody, which is generally enabled by the site-selective modification of native or engineered antibodies via chemical or enzymatic methods. Whatever method is employed, controlling the payload-antibody ratio (PAR) is a challenge in terms of multiple aspects including: (i) obtaining homogeneous protein conjugates; (ii) obtaining unusual PARs (PAR is rarely other than 2, 4 or 8); (iii) using a single method to access a range of different PARs; (iv) applicability to various antibody formats; and (v) flexibility for the production of heterofunctional antibody-conjugates (e.g. attachment of multiple types of payloads). In this article, we report a single pyridazinedione-based trifunctional dual bridging linker that enables, in a two-step procedure (re-bridging/click), the generation of either mAb-, Fab'-, or Fc-conjugates from native mAb, (Fab')2 or Fc formats, respectively. Fc and (Fab')2 formats were generated via enzymatic digestion of native mAbs. Whilst the same reduction and re-bridging protocols were applied to all three of the protein formats, the subsequent click reaction(s) employed to graft payload(s) drove the generation of a range of PARs, including heterofunctional PARs. As such, exploiting click reactivity and/or orthogonality afforded mAb-conjugates with PARs of 6, 4, 2 or 4 + 2, and Fab'- and Fc-conjugates with a PAR of 3, 2, 1 or 2 + 1 on-demand. We believe that the homogeneity, novelty and variety in accessible PARs, as well as the applicability to various antibody-conjugate formats enabled by our non-recombinant method could be a suitable tool for antibody-drug conjugates optimisation (optimal PAR value, optimal payloads combination) and boost the development of new antibody therapeutics (Fab'- and Fc-conjugates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Thoreau
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Léa N C Rochet
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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6
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Matsushita T, Maruyama N, Koyama T, Hatano K, Matsuoka K. Modification of Fab Fragments by Dibromopyridazinediones Carrying Mono- and Double-Biotin Functionalities. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34554-34562. [PMID: 36188280 PMCID: PMC9520716 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To verify the potencies of dibromopyridazinediones with mono- and double-biotin groups, the functions as cysteine-selective biotinylation reagents were evaluated through conjugation with a goat anti-mouse IgG Fab fragment as a functional protein model. The starting Fab was reduced with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine to cleave the disulfide bond and then treated with the reagents. These reagents simultaneously introduced biotin groups into the reduced Fab and re-bridged the disulfide moiety. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biotin-labeled Fabs were reactive to an antigen and streptavidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Matsushita
- Area
for Molecular Function, Division of Material Science, Graduate School
of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Medical
Innovation Research Unit (MiU), Advanced Institute of Innovative Technology
(AIIT), Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Health
Sciences and Technology Research Area, Strategic Research Center, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Naoto Maruyama
- Area
for Molecular Function, Division of Material Science, Graduate School
of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Koyama
- Area
for Molecular Function, Division of Material Science, Graduate School
of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ken Hatano
- Area
for Molecular Function, Division of Material Science, Graduate School
of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Medical
Innovation Research Unit (MiU), Advanced Institute of Innovative Technology
(AIIT), Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Health
Sciences and Technology Research Area, Strategic Research Center, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuoka
- Area
for Molecular Function, Division of Material Science, Graduate School
of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Medical
Innovation Research Unit (MiU), Advanced Institute of Innovative Technology
(AIIT), Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Health
Sciences and Technology Research Area, Strategic Research Center, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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7
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Bahou C, Chudasama V. The use of bromopyridazinedione derivatives in chemical biology. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5879-5890. [PMID: 35373804 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tools that facilitate the chemical modification of peptides and proteins are gaining an increasing amount of interest across many avenues of chemical biology as they enable a plethora of therapeutic, imaging and diagnostic applications. Cysteine residues and disulfide bonds have been highlighted as appealing targets for modification due to the highly homogenous nature of the products that can be formed through their site-selective modification. Amongst the reagents available for the site-selective modification of cysteine(s)/disulfide(s), pyridazinediones (PDs) have played a particularly important and enabling role. In this review, we outline the unique chemical features that make PDs especially well-suited to cysteine/disulfide modification on a wide variety of proteins and peptides, as well as provide context as to the problems solved (and applications enabled) by this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calise Bahou
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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8
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Mussini A, Uriati E, Bianchini P, Diaspro A, Cavanna L, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. Targeted photoimmunotherapy for cancer. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:126-147. [PMID: 35304984 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure that can exert a curative action against malignant cells. The treatment implies the administration of a photoactive molecular species that, upon absorption of visible or near infrared light, sensitizes the formation of reactive oxygen species. These species are cytotoxic and lead to tumor cell death, damage vasculature, and induce inflammation. Clinical investigations demonstrated that PDT is curative and does not compromise other treatment options. One of the major limitations of the original method was the low selectivity of the photoactive compounds for malignant over healthy tissues. The development of conjugates with antibodies has endowed photosensitizing molecules with targeting capability, so that the compounds are delivered with unprecedented precision to the site of action. Given their fluorescence emission capability, these supramolecular species are intrinsically theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mussini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Uriati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Nanophysics, Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Nanophysics, Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,DIFILAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,DIFILAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavanna
- Dipartimento di Oncologia-Ematologia, Azienda USL di Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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9
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Su Z, Xiao D, Xie F, Liu L, Wang Y, Fan S, Zhou X, Li S. Antibody-drug conjugates: Recent advances in linker chemistry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3889-3907. [PMID: 35024314 PMCID: PMC8727783 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are gradually revolutionizing clinical cancer therapy. The antibody–drug conjugate linker molecule determines both the efficacy and the adverse effects, and so has a major influence on the fate of ADCs. An ideal linker should be stable in the circulatory system and release the cytotoxic payload specifically in the tumor. However, existing linkers often release payloads nonspecifically and inevitably lead to off-target toxicity. This defect is becoming an increasingly important factor that restricts the development of ADCs. The pursuit of ADCs with optimal therapeutic windows has resulted in remarkable progress in the discovery and development of novel linkers. The present review summarizes the advance of the chemical trigger, linker‒antibody attachment and linker‒payload attachment over the last 5 years, and describes the ADMET properties of ADCs. This work also helps clarify future developmental directions for the linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Dian Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fei Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lianqi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shiyong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- Corresponding author. Tel: +86 10 66930603 (Shiyong Fan), +86 10 66930673 (Xinbo Zhou).
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- Corresponding author. Tel: +86 10 66930603 (Shiyong Fan), +86 10 66930673 (Xinbo Zhou).
| | - Song Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
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10
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Sandland J, Rimmer SD, Savoie H, Boyle RW. Bio-Orthogonal Conjugation of a Cationic Metalloporphyrin to BSA and HSA via "Click" Chemistry. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2624-2631. [PMID: 34096676 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present a convenient method for the labelling of tyrosine residues on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) and report for the first time their subsequent bio-orthogonal conjugation with porphyrins via "click" chemistry. We demonstrate that these serum proteins can be labelled with an alkyne-diazonium heterobifunctional linker and can then undergo chemo-selective bio-orthogonal conjugation with a water-soluble azido metalloporphyrin via "click" chemistry to yield protein-conjugates that retain their photodynamic properties. In our hands, this method was found to be highly reproducible, scalable, and tuneable which allows for the production of bioconjugates where the porphyrin-protein conjugate not only retains an ability to generate singlet oxygen but possess an enhanced relative singlet oxygen quantum yields relative to the porphyrin alone. Furthermore, we have investigated the photochemical properties of these conjugates through photospectrometric techniques and have determined that the porphyrin macrocycles remain appreciably photostable under light irradiation. Our phototoxic protein-photosensitizer-conjugates show excellent photodynamic activity against a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (HT-29) with cell viabilities of 7.7±0.5 % (IC50 8.76±2.14 μM) and 1.7±1.9 % (IC50 8.48±5.11 μM) for BSA and HAS, respectively, when irradiated with 20 J cm-2 of white-light. Importantly, neither of the conjugates was found to possess any significant "dark" toxicity even at concentrations of 100 μM. Furthermore, the natural fluorescent properties of the bioconjugates allowed for the determination of cellular uptake in vitro via fluorescence microscopy thus highlighting the potential theranostic applications of these unique protein-drug-conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon Sandland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, E. Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Sam D Rimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, E. Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Huguette Savoie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, E. Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Ross W Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, E. Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, UK
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11
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Sample HC, Emandi G, Twamley B, Grover N, Khurana B, Sol V, Senge MO. Synthesis and Properties of BODIPY Appended Tetraphenylethylene Scaffolds as Photoactive Arrays. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:4136-4143. [PMID: 34588920 PMCID: PMC8457078 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and its derivatives exhibit excellent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. The TPE unit is easily accessible, and many functional groups can be introduced in a facile manner to yield effective luminescent materials in both solution and the solid-state. It is because of this, several TPE-based compounds have been developed and applied in many areas, such as OLEDs and chemical sensors. Boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) are a class of pyrrolic fluorophore of great interest with myriad application in both material science and biomedical applications. Through the combination of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and traditional dipyrromethene chemistry, we present the syntheses of novel tetra-BODIPY-appended TPE derivatives with different distances between the TPE and BODIPY cores. The TPE-BODIPY arrays 6 and 9 show vastly differing AIE properties in THF/H2O systems, with 9 exhibiting dual-AIE, along with both conjugates being found to produce singlet oxygen (1O2). We presume the synthesized BODIPY-appended TPE scaffolds to be utilized for potential applications in the fields of light-emitting systems and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C. Sample
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Ganapathi Emandi
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Bhavya Khurana
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
- Université de LimogesLaboratoire PEIRENE, EA 75008700LimogesFrance
| | - Vincent Sol
- Université de LimogesLaboratoire PEIRENE, EA 75008700LimogesFrance
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technical University of MunichFocus Group – Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic NanosystemsLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748München GarchigGermany
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12
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Walsh SJ, Bargh JD, Dannheim FM, Hanby AR, Seki H, Counsell AJ, Ou X, Fowler E, Ashman N, Takada Y, Isidro-Llobet A, Parker JS, Carroll JS, Spring DR. Site-selective modification strategies in antibody-drug conjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1305-1353. [PMID: 33290462 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) harness the highly specific targeting capabilities of an antibody to deliver a cytotoxic payload to specific cell types. They have garnered widespread interest in drug discovery, particularly in oncology, as discrimination between healthy and malignant tissues or cells can be achieved. Nine ADCs have received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration and more than 80 others are currently undergoing clinical investigations for a range of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. Extensive research over the past decade has highlighted the critical nature of the linkage strategy adopted to attach the payload to the antibody. Whilst early generation ADCs were primarily synthesised as heterogeneous mixtures, these were found to have sub-optimal pharmacokinetics, stability, tolerability and/or efficacy. Efforts have now shifted towards generating homogeneous constructs with precise drug loading and predetermined, controlled sites of attachment. Homogeneous ADCs have repeatedly demonstrated superior overall pharmacological profiles compared to their heterogeneous counterparts. A wide range of methods have been developed in the pursuit of homogeneity, comprising chemical or enzymatic methods or a combination thereof to afford precise modification of specific amino acid or sugar residues. In this review, we discuss advances in chemical and enzymatic methods for site-specific antibody modification that result in the generation of homogeneous ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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13
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García-Álvarez F, Martínez-García M. Dendrimer Porphyrins: Applications in Nanomedicine. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201026203527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a fascinating field of multidisciplinary study focused on developing
techniques that fight various diseases using nanoparticles. Among the various nanoparticles
used in nanomedicine, dendrimers have received increasing interest in recent years because
of the versatility that their structural characteristics give them. Specifically, dendrimer
porphyrins are compounds that incorporate macro heterocyclic-aromatic units within the dendritic
architecture and exhibit interesting photodynamic properties that are used to combat
various diseases using non-invasive methods. In the past 17 years, few studies of the application
of dendrimer porphyrins in nanomedicine have been published. This review focuses on
presenting recent studies of dendrimer porphyrins with possible applications in the field of
nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Álvarez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Marcos Martínez-García
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F., Mexico
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14
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Sadraeian M, Bahou C, da Cruz EF, Janini LMR, Sobhie Diaz R, Boyle RW, Chudasama V, Eduardo Gontijo Guimarães F. Photoimmunotherapy Using Cationic and Anionic Photosensitizer-Antibody Conjugates against HIV Env-Expressing Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9151. [PMID: 33271741 PMCID: PMC7730620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different therapeutic strategies have been investigated to target and eliminate HIV-1-infected cells by using armed antibodies specific to viral proteins, with varying degrees of success. Herein, we propose a new strategy by combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) with HIV Env-targeted immunotherapy, and refer to it as HIV photoimmunotherapy (PIT). A human anti-gp41 antibody (7B2) was conjugated to two photosensitizers (PSs) with different charges through different linking strategies; "Click" conjugation by using an azide-bearing porphyrin attached via a disulfide bridge linker with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of exactly 4, and "Lysine" conjugation by using phthalocyanine IRDye 700DX dye with average DARs of 2.1, 3.0 and 4.4. These photo-immunoconjugates (PICs) were compared via biochemical and immunological characterizations regarding the dosimetry, solubility, and cell targeting. Photo-induced cytotoxicity of the PICs were compared using assays for apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), photo-cytotoxicity, and confocal microscopy. Targeted phototoxicity seems to be primarily dependent on the binding of PS-antibody to the HIV antigen on the cell membrane, whilst being independent of the PS type. This is the first report of the application of PIT for HIV immunotherapy by killing HIV Env-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadraeian
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil;
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;
| | - Edgar Ferreira da Cruz
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (E.F.d.C.); (L.M.R.J.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Luíz Mário Ramos Janini
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (E.F.d.C.); (L.M.R.J.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (E.F.d.C.); (L.M.R.J.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;
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15
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Li J, Chen T. Transition metal complexes as photosensitizers for integrated cancer theranostic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Sadiki A, Kercher EM, Lu H, Lang RT, Spring BQ, Zhou ZS. Site-specific Bioconjugation and Convergent Click Chemistry Enhances Antibody-Chromophore Conjugate Binding Efficiency. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:596-603. [PMID: 32080860 DOI: 10.1111/php.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizer (PS)-antibody conjugates (photoimmunoconjugates, PICs) enable cancer cell-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). Nonspecific chemical bioconjugation is widely used to synthesize PICs but gives rise to several shortcomings. The conjugates are heterogeneous, and the process is not easily reproducible. Moreover, modifications at or near the binding sites alter both binding affinity and specificity. To overcome these limitations, we introduce convergent assembly of PICs via a chemo-enzymatic site-specific approach. First, an antibody is conjugated to a clickable handle via site-specific modification of glutamine (Gln) residues catalyzed by transglutaminase (TGase, EC 2.3.2.13). Second, the modified antibody intermediate is conjugated to a compatible chromophore via click chemistry. Utilizing cetuximab, we compared this site-specific conjugation protocol to the nonspecific chemical acylation of amines using N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) chemistry. Both the heavy and light chains were modified via the chemical route, whereas, only a glutamine 295 in the heavy chain was modified via chemo-enzymatic conjugation. Furthermore, a 2.3-fold increase in the number of bound antibodies per cell was observed for the site-specific compared with nonspecific method, suggesting that multiple stochastic sites of modification perturb the antibody-antigen binding. Altogether, site-specific bioconjugation leads to homogenous, reproducible and well-defined PICs, conferring higher binding efficiency and probability of clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amissi Sadiki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Eric M Kercher
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Haibin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ryan T Lang
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Bryan Q Spring
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhaohui Sunny Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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17
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Maruani A, Szijj PA, Bahou C, Nogueira JCF, Caddick S, Baker JR, Chudasama V. A Plug-and-Play Approach for the De Novo Generation of Dually Functionalized Bispecifics. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:520-529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Maruani
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. Szijj
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - João C. F. Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Obaid G, Bano S, Mallidi S, Broekgaarden M, Kuriakose J, Silber Z, Bulin AL, Wang Y, Mai Z, Jin W, Simeone D, Hasan T. Impacting Pancreatic Cancer Therapy in Heterotypic in Vitro Organoids and in Vivo Tumors with Specificity-Tuned, NIR-Activable Photoimmunonanoconjugates: Towards Conquering Desmoplasia? NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7573-7587. [PMID: 31518145 PMCID: PMC6934365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite untiring efforts to develop therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), survival statistics remain dismal, necessitating distinct approaches. Photodynamic priming (PDP), which improves drug delivery and combination regimens, as well as tumor photodestruction are key attributes of photodynamic therapy (PDT), making it a distinctive clinical option for PDAC. Localized, high-payload nanomedicine-assisted delivery of photosensitizers (PSs), with molecular specificity and controlled photoactivation, thus becomes critical in order to reduce collateral toxicity during more expansive photodynamic activation procedures with curative intent. As such, targeted photoactivable lipid-based nanomedicines are an ideal candidate but have failed to provide greater than two-fold cancer cell selectivity, if at all, due to their extensive multivariant physical, optical, and chemical complexity. Here, we report (1) a systematic multivariant tuning approach to engineer (Cet, anti-EGFR mAb) photoimmunonanoconjugates (PINs), and (2) stroma-rich heterotypic PDAC in vitro and in vivo models incorporating patient-derived pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (PCAFs) that recapitulate the desmoplasia observed in the clinic. These offer a comprehensive, disease-specific framework for the development of Cet-PINs. Specificity-tuning of the PINs, in terms of PS lipid anchoring, electrostatic modulation, Cet orientation, and Cet surface densities, achieved ∼16-fold binding specificities and rapid penetration of the heterotypic organoids within 1 h, thereby providing a ∼16-fold enhancement in molecular targeted NIR photodestruction. As a demonstration of their inherent amenability for multifunctionality, encapsulation of high payloads of gemcitabine hydrochloride, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin within the Cet-PINs further improved their antitumor efficacy in the heterotypic organoids. In heterotypic desmoplastic tumors, the Cet-PINs efficiently penetrated up to 470 μm away from blood vessels, and photodynamic activation resulted in substantial tumor necrosis, which was not elicited in T47D tumors (low EGFR) or when using untargeted constructs in both tumor types. Photodynamic activation of the Cet-PINs in the heterotypic desmoplastic tumors resulted in collagen photomodulation, with a 1.5-fold reduction in collagen density, suggesting that PDP may also hold potential for conquering desmoplasia. The in vivo safety profile of photodynamic activation of the Cet-PINs was also substantially improved, as compared to the untargeted constructs. While treatment using the Cet-PINs did not cause any detriment to the mice's health or to healthy proximal tissue, photodynamic activation of untargeted constructs induced severe acute cachexia and weight loss in all treated mice, with substantial peripheral skin necrosis, muscle necrosis, and bowel perforation. This study is the first report demonstrating the true value of molecular targeting for NIR-activable PINs. These constructs integrate high payload delivery, efficient photodestruction, molecular precision, and collagen photomodulation in desmoplastic PDAC tumors in a single treatment using a single construct. Such combined PIN platforms and heterocellular models open up an array of further multiplexed combination therapies to synergistically control desmoplastic tumor progression and extend PDAC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girgis Obaid
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Mans Broekgaarden
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jerrin Kuriakose
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Zachary Silber
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Anne-Laure Bulin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Zhiming Mai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Wendong Jin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Diane Simeone
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Serchenya T, Shcharbin D, Shyrochyna I, Sviridov O, Terekhova M, Dzmitruk V, Abashkin V, Apartsin E, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Ionov M, Bryszewska M. Immunoreactivity changes of human serum albumin and alpha-1-microglobulin induced by their interaction with dendrimers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:226-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Bahou C, Richards DA, Maruani A, Love EA, Javaid F, Caddick S, Baker JR, Chudasama V. Highly homogeneous antibody modification through optimisation of the synthesis and conjugation of functionalised dibromopyridazinediones. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:1359-1366. [PMID: 29405223 PMCID: PMC6058253 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob03138f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report novel protocols for the generation and application of dibromopyridazinediones, an exciting class of disulfide bridging reagents.
Due to their exquisite cysteine-selectivity, excellent stability, and ability to functionally rebridge disulfide bonds, dibromopyridazinediones are emerging as an exciting new class of bioconjugation reagents, particularly in the field of antibody conjugation. Despite this, relatively little work has been performed on the optimisation of their synthesis and subsequent reaction with immunoglobulins. Herein we present a novel synthetic route towards functionalised dibromopyridazinediones, proceeding via an isolatable dibromopyridazinedione-NHS ester. Reaction of this activated intermediate with a variety of amines produces functional dibromopyridazinediones in good to excellent yields. The disulfide rebridging capacity of these reagents was optimised on the clinically relevant IgG1 trastuzumab, resulting in a general method which allows for the generation of site-selectively modified native trastuzumab with over 90% homogeneity (no disulfide scrambling) without the need for protein engineering or enzymatic conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Antoine Maruani
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Elizabeth A Love
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, UK
| | - Faiza Javaid
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK. and Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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22
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Sandland J, Boyle RW. Photosensitizer Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Past, Present, and Future. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:975-993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Tsuchikama K. [Novel Chemical Linkers for Next-generation Antibody-drug Conjugates(ADCs)]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:209-219. [PMID: 30713230 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), monoclonal antibodies conjugated with highly potent drugs (payloads) through chemical linkers, are an emerging class of therapeutic agents for cancer chemotherapy. Their clinical success has been demonstrated by the 4 ADCs already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and more than 60 promising ADCs now in clinical trials. Further advancement of this novel molecular platform could potentially revolutionize current strategies and regimens for treating cancers. The linker structure and antibody-linker conjugation modality critically contribute to ADC homogeneity, circulation stability, pharmacokinetic profiles, tolerability, and overall treatment efficacy. Despite extensive efforts to improve these parameters, most ADC linkers used to date possess linear structures, and therefore accommodate only single payloads. The clinical potential of branched ADC linkers, enabling the installation of two payload molecules, remains unexplored because of the lack of efficient conjugation methods. In addition, according to a recent report, the stability of enzymatically cleavable linkers in mouse circulation is another crucial factor for the successful evaluation of ADCs in preclinical studies. In this review, I present my research group's effort to develop both branched linkers and efficient conjugation methods for constructing dual-loading ADCs with high homogeneity and enhanced potency. I also present a novel tripeptide ADC linker with enhanced stability in mouse circulation. Multidisciplinary experience, approaches, and collaboration are key to successfully advancing our ADC research programs. I herein describe how my experience in the U.S. has helped to develop and manage complex biomedical research projects in a small academic laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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24
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Ravasco JMJM, Faustino H, Trindade A, Gois PMP. Bioconjugation with Maleimides: A Useful Tool for Chemical Biology. Chemistry 2018; 25:43-59. [PMID: 30095185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maleimide chemistry stands out in the bioconjugation toolbox by virtue of its synthetic accessibility, excellent reactivity, and practicability. The second-generation of clinically approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and much of the current ADC pipeline in clinical trials contain the maleimide linkage. However, thiosuccinimide linkages are now known to be less robust than once thought, and ergo, are correlated with suboptimal pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles in some ADC constructs. Rational design of novel generations of maleimides and maleimide-type reagents have been reported to address the shortcomings of classical maleimides, allowing for the formation of robust bioconjugate linkages. This review highlights the main strategies for rational reagent design that have allowed irreversible bioconjugations in cysteines, reversible labelling strategies and disulfide re-bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M J M Ravasco
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélio Faustino
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Trindade
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department, Research Institute for Medicines, (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
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25
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Importance of the orthogonal structure between porphyrin and aniline moieties on the pH-activatable porphyrin derivative for photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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