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Almeida L, van Roey R, Patente TA, Otto F, Veldhuizen T, Ghorasaini M, van Diepen A, Schramm G, Liu J, Idborg H, Korotkova M, Jakobsson PJ, Giera M, Hokke CH, Everts B. High-mannose glycans from Schistosoma mansoni eggs are important for priming of Th2 responses via Dectin-2 and prostaglandin E2. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372927. [PMID: 38742105 PMCID: PMC11089121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni is a potent inducer of type 2 immune responses by stimulating dendritic cells (DCs) to prime T helper 2 (Th2) responses. We previously found that S. mansoni soluble egg antigens (SEA) promote the synthesis of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by DCs through ERK-dependent signaling via Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 that subsequently induces OX40L expression, licensing them for Th2 priming, yet the ligands present in SEA involved in driving this response and whether specific targeting of PGE2 synthesis by DCs could affect Th2 polarization are unknown. We here show that the ability of SEA to bind Dectin-2 and drive ERK phosphorylation, PGE2 synthesis, OX40L expression, and Th2 polarization is impaired upon cleavage of high-mannose glycans by Endoglycosidase H treatment. This identifies high-mannose glycans present on glycoproteins in SEA as important drivers of this signaling axis. Moreover, we find that OX40L expression and Th2 induction are abrogated when microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES) is selectively inhibited, but not when a general COX-1/2 inhibitor is used. This shows that the de novo synthesis of PGE2 is vital for the Th2 priming function of SEA-stimulated DCs as well as points to the potential existence of other COX-dependent lipid mediators that antagonize PGE2-driven Th2 polarization. Lastly, specific PGE2 inhibition following immunization with S. mansoni eggs dampened the egg-specific Th cell response. In summary, our findings provide new insights in the molecular mechanisms underpinning Th2 induction by S. mansoni and identify druggable targets for potential control of helminth driven-Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Almeida
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ruthger van Roey
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Otto
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom Veldhuizen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mohan Ghorasaini
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Schramm
- Experimental Pneumology, Research Centre Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Giera
- Centre for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Everts
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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2
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Nandhagopal M, Narayanasamy M. Characterization of anthranilic acid produced by Virgibacillus salarius MML1918 and its bio-imaging application. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:166. [PMID: 38630358 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Anthranilic acid (AA) holds significant importance in the chemical industry. It serves as a crucial building block for the amino acid tryptophan by manipulating the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, it is possible to increase the production of anthranilic acid. In this study, we utilized metabolic engineering approaches to produce anthranilic acid from the halophilic bacterium Virgibacillus salarius MML1918. The halophilic bacteria were grown in an optimized production medium, and mass production of secondary metabolites was made in ATCC medium 1097 Proteose peptone-for halophilic bacteria and subjected to column chromatography followed by sub-column chromatography the single band for the purified compound was confirmed. Further, various spectral analyses were made for the partially purified compounds, and fluorescence microscopy for fungal cell observation was performed. The purified compound was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and it was identified as 2-amino benzoic acid. The Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum also confirm the structural characteristic of 2-amino benzoic acid. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of AA shows the maximum absorption at 337.86 nm. The emission spectrum of 2-amino benzoic acid showed the maximum emission at 453 nm. The bio-imaging application of 2-amino benzoic acid was examined with fungal mycelium of Rhizoctonia solani. It was effectively bound and emitted the blue color at the concentration of 200 and 300 µg/mL. The halophilic bacterium (V. salarius), may have unique metabolic pathways and requirements compared to non-halophilic organisms, to produce AA effectively. This could have implications for industrial biotechnology, particularly in manufacturing environments where high salt concentrations are present and also it can be used as bio-imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Nandhagopal
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 25, India
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Mathivanan Narayanasamy
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 25, India.
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3
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Druzina AA, Dudarova NV, Ananyev IV, Antonets AA, Kaluzhny DN, Nazarov AA, Sivaev IB, Bregadze VI. New Boron Containing Acridines: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6636. [PMID: 37764412 PMCID: PMC10650824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the first conjugates of acridine with cobalt bis(dicarbollide) are reported. A novel 9-azido derivative of acridine was prepared through the reaction of 9-methoxyacridine with N3CH2CH2NH2, and its solid-state molecular structure was determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The azidoacridine was used in a copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction with cobalt bis(dicarbollide)-based terminal alkynes to give the target 1,2,3-triazoles. DNA interaction studies via absorbance spectroscopy showed the weak binding of the obtained conjugates with DNA. The antiproliferative activity (IC50) of the boronated conjugates against a series of human cell lines was evaluated through an MTT assay. The results suggested that acridine derivatives of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) might serve as a novel scaffold for the future development of new agents for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.D.); (I.B.S.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Dudarova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.D.); (I.B.S.); (V.I.B.)
| | - Ivan V. Ananyev
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskii pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia A. Antonets
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Dmitry N. Kaluzhny
- V.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Str., 11991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey A. Nazarov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Igor B. Sivaev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.D.); (I.B.S.); (V.I.B.)
- Basic Department of Chemistry of Innovative Materials and Technologies, G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyannyi Line, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Bregadze
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.D.); (I.B.S.); (V.I.B.)
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Cheng H, Wang S, Gao D, Yu K, Chen H, Huang Y, Li M, Zhang J, Guo K. Nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35A2 is involved in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by regulating cellular glycosylation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 46:283-297. [PMID: 36454514 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, aberrant glycosylation has been recognized to be relate to malignant behaviors of cancer and outcomes of patients with various cancers. SLC35A2 plays an indispensable role on glycosylation as a nucleotide sugar transporter. However, effects of SLC35A2 on malignant behaviors of cancer cells and alteration of cancer cells surface glycosylation profiles are still not fully understood, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, from a glycosylation perspective, we investigated the effects of SLC35A2 on metastatic behaviors of HCC cells. METHODS SLC35A2 expression in clinical samples and HCC cells was examined by immunohistochemical staining or Western blot/quantitative PCR and was regulated by RNA interference or vectors-mediated transfection. Effects of SLC35A2 expression alteration on metastatic behaviors and membrane glycan profile of HCC cells were observed by using respectively invasion, migration, cell adhesion assay, in vivo lung metastatic nude mouse model and lectins microarray. Co-location among proteins in HCC cells was observed by fluorescence microscope and detected by an in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS SLC35A2 was upregulated in HCC tissues, and is associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. SLC35A2 expression alteration significantly affected the invasion, adhesion, metastasis and membrane glycan profile and led to the dysregulated expressions or glycosylation of cell adhesion-related molecules in HCC cells. Mechanistically, the maintenance of SLC35A2 activity is critical for the recruitment of the key galactosyltransferase B4GalT1, which is responsible for complex glycoconjugate and lactose biosynthesis, to Golgi apparatus in HCC cells. CONCLUSION SLC35A2 plays important roles in promoting HCC metastasis by regulating cellular glycosylation modification and inducing the cell adhesive ability of HCC cells.
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Abstract
Food carbohydrates are macronutrients that are found in fruits, grains, vegetables, and milk products. These organic compounds are present in foods in the form of sugars, starches, and fibers and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These wide ranging macromolecules can be classified according to their chemical structure into three major groups: low molecular weight mono- and disaccharides, intermediate molecular weight oligosaccharides, and high molecular weight polysaccharides. Notably, the digestibility of specific carbohydrate components differ and nondigestible carbohydrates can reach the large intestine intact where they act as food sources for beneficial bacteria. In this review, we give an overview of advances made in food carbohydrate analysis. Overall, this review indicates the importance of carbohydrate analytical techniques in the quest to identify and isolate health-promoting carbohydrates to be used as additives in the functional foods industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J Kiely
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Rita M Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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7
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Harvey DJ, Struwe WB, Behrens AJ, Vasiljevic S, Crispin M. Formation and fragmentation of doubly and triply charged ions in the negative ion spectra of neutral N-glycans from viral and other glycoproteins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7277-7294. [PMID: 34342671 PMCID: PMC8329908 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Structural determination of N-glycans by mass spectrometry is ideally performed by negative ion collision-induced dissociation because the spectra are dominated by cross-ring fragments leading to ions that reveal structural details not available by many other methods. Most glycans form [M - H]- or [M + adduct]- ions but larger ones (above approx. m/z 2000) typically form doubly charged ions. Differences have been reported between the fragmentation of singly and doubly charged ions but a detailed comparison does not appear to have been reported. In addition to [M + adduct]- ions (this paper uses phosphate as the adduct) other doubly, triply, and quadruply charged ions of composition [Mn + (H2PO4)n]n- have been observed in mixtures of N-glycans released from viral and other glycoproteins. This paper explores the formation and fragmentation of these different types of multiply charged ions with particular reference to the presence of diagnostic fragments in the CID spectra and comments on how these ions can be used to characterize these glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anna-Janina Behrens
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- GlycoEra AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Snezana Vasiljevic
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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8
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Kudelka MR, Li Z, Chernova TA, Smith DF, Song X, Cummings RD, Ju T. Cellular O-Glycome Reporter/Amplification (CORA): Analytical and Preparative Tools to Study Mucin-Type O-Glycans of Living Cells. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e142. [PMID: 34101390 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation (O-glycans, O-glycome) is among the most biologically important post-translational modification in glycoproteins but O-glycan structural diversity and expression are poorly understood due to the inadequacy of current analytical methods. We recently developed a new tool termed cellular O-glycome reporter/amplification (CORA), which uses O-glycan precursors, benzyl-α-GalNAc (Bn-α-GalNAc) or azido-Bn-α-GalNAc (N3 -Bn-α-GalNAc), as surrogates of protein O-glycosylation. Living cells metabolically convert these precursors to all types of O-GalNAc glycans representative of the cells' capabilities. The amplification and secretion of the O-glycome products greatly facilitates their analysis and functional studies. Here we describe protocols for analytical and preparative applications. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol 1: Cellular O-glycome reporter/amplification for the analysis of mucin-type O-glycans from living cells Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of cellular O-glycans from living cells for functional glycomics and glycan microarrays Basic Protocol 3: Conjugation of cellular O-glycans with a bifunctional fluorescent tag Basic Protocol 4: 2D-HPLC purification and MALDI-TOF/MS identification of individual PYAB-Bn-O-glycan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tatiana A Chernova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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9
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Azaldegui C, Aguilar G, Enriquez S, Madonna C, Parish Fisher C, Burks R. Benzoic acid derivatives as luminescent sublimation dyes in cyanoacrylate fuming of latent fingerprints. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1085-1093. [PMID: 33547641 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Development of latent prints employing cyanoacrylate ester (CA) can be a multistep process including CA fuming and subsequent fluorescent staining to produce fingerprints of sufficient contrast for comparison work. To enable a single-step CA fuming-staining process, a selection of fluorophores have been developed as sublimation dyes in CA fuming. A greater array of such luminescent sublimation dyes would allow users greater flexibility in selecting a particular dye-CA combination to best suit their processing needs. Toward this end, six benzoic acid derivatives were evaluated for use as luminescent sublimation dyes under elementary CA fuming conditions using a single non-porous surface type and an inexpensive handheld UV lamp for excitation. Two benzoic acid derivatives, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and 2-aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid), were identified as new potential luminescent sublimation dyes with stained fingerprints excited at 254 nm. The fluorescence intensity and stability of prints produced via the sublimation of CA with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2-aminobenzoic acid were evaluated over approximately six weeks using image and statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Azaldegui
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA.,Program in Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guadalupe Aguilar
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Natural Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA.,Travis County Medical Examiner's Office, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sarahi Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA.,Endeavor DNA, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Chris Madonna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA.,North Texas Fire Academy, Rockwall, TX, USA
| | - Casie Parish Fisher
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Natural Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Raychelle Burks
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, St. Edward's University, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
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Wei M, Huang L, Liu Y, Jin W, Yao X, Rong J, Bai F, Song X, Wang Z. Strategy for Isolation, Preparation, and Structural Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides from Natural Sources. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11644-11653. [PMID: 32709191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides (CSOs), especially their sulfation pattern, has been found to be closely related with many biological pathways and diseases. However, detailed functional analysis such as their interaction with glycan binding proteins (GBPs) has been lagging, presumably due to the unavailability of well-defined, diverse structures. Besides challenging chemical and enzymatic synthesis, this is also due to the challenges in their purification at the isomer level and structural analysis owing to their instability, structural complexity, and low mass spectrometry detection sensitivity. Herein, we first used recycling preparative HPLC to separate and purify shark CS tetrasaccharide component labeled by a bifunctional fluorescent linker 2-amino-N-(2-aminoethyl)benzamide (AEAB) at the isomer level. Then, each isomer was derivatized through a multistage procedure including N-acetylation, carboxyl amidation, permethylation, and desulfation with silylating reagent. Structural analysis of each derivatized isomer was performed with ESI-MSn in positive ion mode. A total of 16 isomers of CSO-AEAB were isolated, with a minimum mass component of 0.007 mg and a maximum mass component of 17.53 mg, of which 10 isomers (>90 μg) were structurally analyzed. This preparation and structure analysis of CSOs lay the foundation for further study of the structure-activity relationship of CSOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wei
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wanjun Jin
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinbo Yao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jinqiao Rong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.,Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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11
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Li Z, Zhang Q, Ashline D, Zhu Y, Lasanajak Y, Chernova T, Reinhold V, Cummings RD, Wang PG, Ju T, Smith DF, Song X. Amplification and Preparation of Cellular O-Glycomes for Functional Glycomics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10390-10401. [PMID: 32539345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans play key roles in many cellular processes, and they are often altered in human diseases. A major challenge in studying the role of O-glycans through functional O-glycomics is the absence of a complete repertoire of the glycans that comprise the human O-glycome. Here we describe a cellular O-glycome preparation strategy, Preparative Cellular O-Glycome Reporter/Amplification (pCORA), that introduces 4-N3-Bn-GalNAc(Ac)3 as a novel precursor in large-scale cell cultures to generate usable amounts of O-glycans as a potential O-glycome factory. Cultured human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells take up the precursor, which is extended by cellular glycosyltransferases to produce 4-N3-Bn-α-O-glycans that are secreted into the culture medium. The O-glycan derivatives can be clicked with a fluorescent bifunctional tag that allows multidimensional HPLC purification and production of a tagged glycan library, representing the O-glycome of the corresponding cells. We obtained ∼5% conversion of precursor to O-glycans and purified a tagged O-glycan library of over 100 O-glycan derivatives, many of which were present in >100 nmol amounts and were sequenced by sequential MS fragmentation (MSn). These O-glycans were successfully printed onto epoxy glass slides as an O-glycome shotgun microarray. We used this novel array to explore binding activity of serum IgM in healthy persons and NSCLC patients at different cancer stages. This novel strategy provides access to complex O-glycans in significant quantities and may offer a new route to discovery of potential diagnostic disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 33 Gilmer Street SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - David Ashline
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | | | | | | | - Vernon Reinhold
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 33 Gilmer Street SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10001 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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12
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Song X. Preparation of Complex Glycans From Natural Sources for Functional Study. Front Chem 2020; 8:508. [PMID: 32719769 PMCID: PMC7348041 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One major barrier in glycoscience is the lack of diverse and biomedically relevant complex glycans in sufficient quantities for functional study. Complex glycans from natural sources serve as an important source of these glycans and an alternative to challenging chemoenzymatic synthesis. This review discusses preparation of complex glycans from several classes of glycoconjugates using both enzymatic and chemical release approaches. Novel technologies have been developed to advance the large-scale preparation of complex glycans from natural sources. We also highlight recent approaches and methods developed in functional and fluorescent tagging and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) isolation of released glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Zhu Y, Bowen TJ, Song X. Preparative scale purification of natural glycans by closed-loop recycle HPLC. Anal Biochem 2020; 599:113702. [PMID: 32277906 PMCID: PMC7255949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
While glycoscience has become well recognized as an indispensable area in biomedical research, studies on the function of individual glycans remains a great challenge due to the lack of tools and methods. One of the greatest impediments to progress in this area is the lack of biomedically relevant complex glycans in sufficient quantity and purity for structural and functional analysis. Despite recent advances in chemoenzymatic synthesis of complex glycans, generating significant amounts of pure glycans is limited to laboratories with specialized expertise. We have previously reported the oxidative release of natural glycans (ORNG) using household bleach, which provides large quantities of biologically relevant glycans that can be a source of glycans in quantities (>mg scale) suitable for functional studies. However, the preparative scale separation of complicated glycan mixtures has not been studied due largely to the fact that gram quantities of starting glycans have not been available until now. Here we report the adoption of closed-loop, recycle HPLC to resolve closely related glycan structures, including complex glycan isomers at preparative scale (10-100 mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, Georgia
| | - Thomas J Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, Georgia
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, Georgia.
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Wei M, McKitrick TR, Mehta AY, Gao C, Jia N, McQuillan AM, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Sun L, Cummings RD. Novel Reversible Fluorescent Glycan Linker for Functional Glycomics. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2897-2908. [PMID: 31600064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To aid in generating complex and diverse natural glycan libraries for functional glycomics, more efficient and reliable methods are needed to derivatize glycans. Here we present our development of a reversible, cleavable bifunctional linker 3-(methoxyamino)propylamine (MAPA). As the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonate (Fmoc) version (F-MAPA), it is highly fluorescent and efficiently derivatizes free reducing glycans to generate closed-ring derivatives that preserve the structural integrity of glycans. A library of glycans were derivatized and used to generate a covalent glycan microarray using N-hydroxysuccinimide derivatization. The array was successfully interrogated by a variety of lectins and antibodies, demonstrating the importance of closed-ring chemistry. The glycan derivatization was also performed at large scale using milligram quantities of glycans and excess F-MAPA, and the reaction system was successfully recycled up to five times, without an apparent decrease in conjugation efficiency. The MAPA-glycan is also easy to link to protein to generate neoglycoproteins with equivalent glycan densities. Importantly, the MAPA linker can be reversibly cleaved to regenerate free reducing glycans for detailed structural analysis (catch-and-release), often critical for functional studies of undefined glycans from natural sources. The high conjugation efficiency, bright fluorescence, and reversible cleavage of the linker enable access to natural glycans for functional glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohui Wei
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Tanya R McKitrick
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Akul Y Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Alyssa M McQuillan
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School , National Center for Functional Glycomics, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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