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Mehak, Singh G, Singh R, Singh G, Stanzin J, Singh H, Kaur G, Singh J. Clicking in harmony: exploring the bio-orthogonal overlap in click chemistry. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7383-7413. [PMID: 38433942 PMCID: PMC10906366 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the quest to scrutinize and modify biological systems, the global research community has continued to explore bio-orthogonal click reactions, a set of reactions exclusively targeting non-native molecules within biological systems. These methodologies have brought about a paradigm shift, demonstrating the feasibility of artificial chemical reactions occurring on cellular surfaces, in the cell cytosol, or within the body - an accomplishment challenging to achieve with the majority of conventional chemical reactions. This review delves into the principles of bio-orthogonal click chemistry, contrasting metal-catalyzed and metal-free reactions of bio-orthogonal nature. It comprehensively explores mechanistic details and applications, highlighting the versatility and potential of this methodology in diverse scientific contexts, from cell labelling to biosensing and polymer synthesis. Researchers globally continue to advance this powerful tool for precise and selective manipulation of biomolecules in complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurleen Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Riddima Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Jigmat Stanzin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh-160014 India
| | - Harminder Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College Civil Lines Ludhiana-141001 Punjab India
| | - Jandeep Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144411 Punjab India
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Yi Y, Shi K, Ding S, Hu J, Zhang C, Mei J, Ying G. A general strategy for protein affinity-ligand oriented-immobilization and screening for bioactive compounds. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1218:123591. [PMID: 36809735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural products containing complex mixtures of potentially bioactive compounds are a major source of new drugs, however, conventional screening for active compounds is a time-consuming and inefficient process. Here, we reported that a facile and efficient protein affinity-ligand oriented-immobilization strategy based on the SpyTag/SpyCatcher(ST/SC) chemistry, was used for bioactive compound screening. Two ST-fused model proteins, that is, GFP (green fluorescent protein) and PqsA (a critical enzyme in the quorum sensing pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa), were used to verify the feasibility of this screening method. GFP, as the capturing protein model, was ST-labeled and anchored at a specific orientation onto the surface of activated agarose coupled with SC protein via ST/SC self-ligation. The affinity carriers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and fluorography. The spontaneity and site-specificity of this unique reaction were confirmed via electrophoresis and fluorescence analyses. Although the alkaline stability of the affinity carriers was not ideal, its pH stability was acceptable under pH < 9. The general preparation strategy of this affinity carriers was validated by replacing GFP with PqsA, and PqsA inhibitor, 2-amino-6-fluorobenzoic acid, was successfully isolated from the fermentation broth. The proposed strategy can immobilize protein ligands in one-step and screen compounds that interact specifically with the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Kefan Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Shenwei Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jianming Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Gmax Biopharm International Limited, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jianfeng Mei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Guoqing Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Overview of Antimicrobial Biodegradable Polyester-Based Formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032945. [PMID: 36769266 PMCID: PMC9917530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the clinical complications induced by microbial infections are known to have life-threatening side effects, conventional anti-infective therapy is necessary, but not sufficient to overcome these issues. Some of their limitations are connected to drug-related inefficiency or resistance and pathogen-related adaptive modifications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced antimicrobials and antimicrobial devices. A challenging, yet successful route has been the development of new biostatic or biocide agents and biomaterials by considering the indisputable advantages of biopolymers. Polymers are attractive materials due to their physical and chemical properties, such as compositional and structural versatility, tunable reactivity, solubility and degradability, and mechanical and chemical tunability, together with their intrinsic biocompatibility and bioactivity, thus enabling the fabrication of effective pharmacologically active antimicrobial formulations. Besides representing protective or potentiating carriers for conventional drugs, biopolymers possess an impressive ability for conjugation or functionalization. These aspects are key for avoiding malicious side effects or providing targeted and triggered drug delivery (specific and selective cellular targeting), and generally to define their pharmacological efficacy. Moreover, biopolymers can be processed in different forms (particles, fibers, films, membranes, or scaffolds), which prove excellent candidates for modern anti-infective applications. This review contains an overview of antimicrobial polyester-based formulations, centered around the effect of the dimensionality over the properties of the material and the effect of the production route or post-processing actions.
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Click Chemistry: A Promising Tool for Building Hierarchical Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194077. [PMID: 36236024 PMCID: PMC9570962 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical structures are utilized at different levels in nature. Moreover, a wide spectrum of nature’s properties (e.g., mechanical, physical and biological properties) has been attributed to this hierarchy. Different reviews have been published to cover the use of click chemistry in building hierarchical structures. However, each one of those reviews focused on a narrow area on this topic, i.e., specific chemical reaction, such as in thiol-ene chemistry, or a specific molecule or compound such as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, or a certain range of hierarchical structures between the nano to micro range, e.g., nanocrystals. In this review, a frame to connect the dots between the different published works has been demonstrated. This article will not attempt to give an exhaustive review of all the published work in the field, instead the potential of click chemistry to build hierarchical structures of different levels using building blocks of different length scales has been shown through two main approaches. The first is a one-step direct formation of 3D micro/macrometer dimensions structures from Pico dimensions structures (molecules, monomers, etc.). The second approach includes several steps Pico ➔ 0D nano ➔ 1D nano ➔ 2D nano ➔ 3D nano/micro/macro dimensions structures. Another purpose of this review article is to connect between (a) the atomic theory, which covers the atoms and molecules in the picometer dimensions (picoscopic chemistry set); (b) “nano-periodic system” model, which covers different nanobuilding blocks in the nanometers range such as nanoparticles, dendrimers, buckyball, etc. which was developed by Tomalia; and (c) the micro/macrometer dimensions level.
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Gao X, Wei C, Qi H, Li C, Lu F, Qin HM. Directional immobilization of D-allulose 3-epimerase using SpyTag/SpyCatcher strategy as a robust biocatalyst for synthesizing D-allulose. Food Chem 2022; 401:134199. [PMID: 36115227 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
D-Allulose, as low-calorie rare sugar, possessed several notable biological activities and was biosynthesized by D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase). Here, CcDAE from Clostridium cellulolyticum was successfully immobilization via covalent attachment (RI-CcDAE), and Resin-SpyCatcher/SpyTag-CcDAE modular (DI-CcDAE). Both immobilized CcDAEs exhibited higher thermal and pH stabilities than the free form, and they maintained 80.0 % of relative activity after 7 consecutive cycles and 25 days of storage. Predominantly, DI-CcDAE represented superior catalytic efficiency with a 2.4-fold increase of kcat/Km, compared with RI-CcDAE (0.75 s-1 mM-1 vs 0.31 s-1 mM-1). The RI-CcDAE and DI-CcDAE were then applied in mixed fruit Jiaosu to convert D-fructose into D-allulose, which exhibited the productivity of D-allulose 1.08 g/Lh-1 and 1.57 g/Lh-1, respectively. This research provided a promising directional immobilization strategy for DAEase, and robust biocatalyst for production of functional foodstuff containing D-allulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Cancan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hongbin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Falcon ND, Saeed A. Prefunctionalised PLGA microparticles with dimethylaminoethyl moieties promote surface cell adhesion at physiological condition. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lin Z, Lin Q, Li J, Pistolozzi M, Zhao L, Yang X, Ye Y. Spy chemistry-enabled protein directional immobilization and protein purification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2923-2932. [PMID: 32543719 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Site-directed protein immobilization allows the homogeneous orientation of proteins with high retention of activity, which is advantageous for many applications. Here, we report a facile, specific, and efficient strategy based on the SpyTag-SpyCatcher chemistry. Two SpyTag-fused model proteins, that is, the monomeric red fluorescent protein (RFP) and the oligomeric glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase, were easily immobilized onto a SpyCatcher-modified resin directly from cell lysates, with activity recoveries in the range of 85-91%. This strategy was further adapted to protein purification, which proceeded through the selective capture of the SpyCatcher-fused target proteins by a SpyTag-modified resin, with the aid of an intein to generate authentic N-termini. For two model proteins, that is, RFP and a variable domain of a heavy chain antibody, the yields were ∼3-7 mg/L culture with >90% purities. This approach could provide a versatile tool for producing high-performance immobilized protein devices and proteins for industrial and therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanglin Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Marco Pistolozzi
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanrui Ye
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Phan H, Kortsen K, Englezou G, Couturaud B, Nedoma AJ, Pearce AK, Taresco V. Functional initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of polyesters and polycarbonates: An overview. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hien Phan
- Systèmes Polymères ComplexesInstitut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est (ICMPE) Thiais France
| | | | - Georgia Englezou
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Benoit Couturaud
- Systèmes Polymères ComplexesInstitut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris‐Est (ICMPE) Thiais France
| | - Alisyn J. Nedoma
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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Nogueira JCF, Paliashvili K, Bradford A, Di Maggio F, Richards DA, Day RM, Chudasama V. Functionalised thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) microparticles enabled for "click" chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2215-2218. [PMID: 32150198 PMCID: PMC7362741 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to their homogeneity, tuneable properties, low cost and ease of manufacture, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) polymeric microparticles are emerging as an exciting class of injectable device for the treatment of damaged tissue or complex diseases, such as cancer. However, relatively little work has explored enhancing surface functionalisation of this system. Herein, we present the functionalisation of TIPS microparticles with both small molecules and an antibody fragment of Herceptin™, via a heterobifunctional pyridazinedione linker capable of participating in SPAAC "click" chemistry, and compare it to the traditional method of preparing active-targeted microparticle systems, that is, physisorption of antibodies to the microparticle surface. Antigen-binding assays demonstrated that functionalisation of microparticles with Herceptin Fab, via a pyridazinedione linker, provided an enhanced avidity to HER2+ when compared to traditional physisorption methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C F Nogueira
- UCL Chemistry Department, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Ketevan Paliashvili
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Alexandra Bradford
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Francesco Di Maggio
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Daniel A Richards
- UCL Chemistry Department, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Richard M Day
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. and The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- UCL Chemistry Department, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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