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Hu X, Liu J, Gong X, Xu J, Yao J, Li K, Liu H. Photochromic biomaterials: Synthesis and fluorescence properties of spiroxanthenes-grafted alginate derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121664. [PMID: 38171681 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a general and green synthetic strategy for photochromic functional alginate derivatives grafting with isoindolinone spiroxanthenes. Under mild condition, diverse 2-aminoalkyl isoindolinone spiroxanthene derivatives have been prepared from organic photochromic isobenzofuranone spiroxanthenes (including rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G and fluorescein), and grafted on alginate chains through amidation reaction using diamine as a linkage with water as a green solvent at room temperature. The photochromic properties of the fluorophores-modified polymers and the effect of pH value have been explored. Under acid conditions, the spiroisoindolinone rings of alginate derivatives are opened resulting in showing absorption bands and fluorescence with orange to green emission, while the alginate derivatives turned to colourless under basic conditions which is reversibly. In addition to biodegradability and biocompatibility, the polymers exhibit good film-forming properties simultaneously. The films and fibers produced from the alginate derivatives also project good fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiaole Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiuyong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China.
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Scheibel DM, Gitsov IPI, Gitsov I. Enzymes in "Green" Synthetic Chemistry: Laccase and Lipase. Molecules 2024; 29:989. [PMID: 38474502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes play an important role in numerous natural processes and are increasingly being utilized as environmentally friendly substitutes and alternatives to many common catalysts. Their essential advantages are high catalytic efficiency, substrate specificity, minimal formation of byproducts, and low energy demand. All of these benefits make enzymes highly desirable targets of academic research and industrial development. This review has the modest aim of briefly overviewing the classification, mechanism of action, basic kinetics and reaction condition effects that are common across all six enzyme classes. Special attention is devoted to immobilization strategies as the main tools to improve the resistance to environmental stress factors (temperature, pH and solvents) and prolong the catalytic lifecycle of these biocatalysts. The advantages and drawbacks of methods such as macromolecular crosslinking, solid scaffold carriers, entrapment, and surface modification (covalent and physical) are discussed and illustrated using numerous examples. Among the hundreds and possibly thousands of known and recently discovered enzymes, hydrolases and oxidoreductases are distinguished by their relative availability, stability, and wide use in synthetic applications, which include pharmaceutics, food and beverage treatments, environmental clean-up, and polymerizations. Two representatives of those groups-laccase (an oxidoreductase) and lipase (a hydrolase)-are discussed at length, including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and diverse usage. Objective representation of the current status and emerging trends are provided in the main conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter M Scheibel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Ioan Pavel Ivanov Gitsov
- Science and Technology, Medtronic Incorporated, 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55432, USA
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Silvianti F, Maniar D, Boetje L, Woortman AJJ, van Dijken J, Loos K. Greener Synthesis Route for Furanic-Aliphatic Polyester: Enzymatic Polymerization in Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fitrilia Silvianti
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Boetje
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jur van Dijken
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
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Ainiwaer A, Liang Y, Ye X, Gao R. Characterization of a Novel Fe 2+ Activated Non-Blue Laccase from Methylobacterium extorquens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179804. [PMID: 36077196 PMCID: PMC9456135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a novel laccase gene, Melac13220, was amplified from Methylobacterium extorquens and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli with a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa. The purified Melac13220 had no absorption peak at 610 nm and remained silent within electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, suggesting that Melac13220 belongs to the non-blue laccase group. Both inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy/optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicated that one molecule of Melac13220 can interact with two iron ions. Furthermore, the optimal temperature of Melac13220 was 65 °C. It also showed a high thermolability, and its half-life at 65 °C was 80 min. Melac13220 showed a very good acid environment tolerance; its optimal pH was 1.5. Cu2+ and Co2+ can slightly increase enzyme activity, whereas Fe2+ could increase Melac13220′s activity five-fold. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that Fe2+ could also stabilize Melac13220. Unlike most laccases, Melac13220 can efficiently decolorize Congo Red and Indigo Carmine dyes even in the absence of a redox mediator. Thus, the non-blue laccase from Methylobacterium extorquens shows potential application value and may be valuable for environmental protection, especially in the degradation of dyes at low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renjun Gao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-18604313058; Fax: +86-431-85155200
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Oligomer Analogues of Medicinal Biopolymers from Comfrey and Other Species of the Boraginaceae Family. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010115. [PMID: 35057011 PMCID: PMC8779701 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the first enzymatic synthesis leading to several oligomer analogues of poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid]. This biopolymer, extracted from plants of the Boraginaceae family has shown a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial activity. Enzymatic ring opening polymerization of 2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)oxirane (MDBPO) using lipase from Candida rugosa leads to formation of poly[2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)oxirane] (PMDBPO), with a degree of polymerization up to 5. Catalytic debenzylation of PMDBPO using H2 on Pd/C yields poly[2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)oxirane] (PMDHPO) without loss in molecular mass. Antibacterial assessment of natural polyethers from different species of Boraginaceae family Symhytum asperum, S. caucasicum,S. grandiflorum, Anchusa italica, Cynoglossum officinale, and synthetic polymers, poly[2-methoxycarbonyl-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)oxirane (PMDMPO) and PMDHPO, reveals that only the synthetic analogue produced in this study (PMDHPO) exhibits a promising antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains S.aureus ATCC 25923 and E.coli ATCC 25922 the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 100 µg/mL.
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Magnetically Responsive PA6 Microparticles with Immobilized Laccase Show High Catalytic Efficiency in the Enzymatic Treatment of Catechol. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herewith we report the first attempt towards non-covalent immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on neat and magnetically responsive highly porous polyamide 6 (PA6) microparticles and their application for catechol oxidation. Four polyamide supports, namely neat PA6 and such carrying Fe, phosphate-coated Fe and Fe3O4 cores were synthesized in suspension by activated anionic ring-opening polymerization (AAROP) of ε-caprolactam (ECL). Enzyme adsorption efficiency up to 92% was achieved in the immobilization process. All empty supports and PA6 laccase complexes were characterized by spectral and synchrotron WAXS/SAXS analyses. The activity of the immobilized laccase was evaluated using 2,2’-Azino-bis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and compared to the native enzyme. The PA6 laccase conjugates displayed up to 105% relative activity at room temperature, pH 4, 40 °C and 20 mM ionic strength (citrate buffer). The kinetic parameters of the ABTS oxidation were also determined. The reusability of the immobilized laccase-conjugates was proven for five consecutive oxidation cycles of catechol.
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