1
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Meissner S, Rees S, Nguyen L, Connor B, Barker D, Harland B, Raos B, Svirskis D. Encapsulation of the growth factor neurotrophin-3 in heparinised poloxamer hydrogel stabilises bioactivity and provides sustained release. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213837. [PMID: 38522310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Poloxamer-based hydrogels show promise to stabilise and sustain the delivery of growth factors in tissue engineering applications, such as following spinal cord injury. Typically, growth factors such as neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) degrade rapidly in solution. Similarly, poloxamer hydrogels also degrade readily and are, therefore, only capable of sustaining the release of a payload over a small number of days. In this study, we focused on optimising a hydrogel formulation, incorporating both poloxamer 188 and 407, for the sustained delivery of bioactive NT-3. Hyaluronic acid blended into the hydrogels significantly reduced the degradation of the gel. We identified an optimal hydrogel composition consisting of 20 % w/w poloxamer 407, 5 % w/w poloxamer 188, 0.6 % w/w NaCl, and 1.5 % w/w hyaluronic acid. Heparin was chemically bound to the poloxamer chains to enhance interactions between the hydrogel and the growth factor. The unmodified and heparin-modified hydrogels exhibited sustained release of NT-3 for 28 days while preserving the bioactivity of NT-3. Moreover, these hydrogels demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility and had properties suitable for injection into the intrathecal space, underscoring their suitability as a growth factor delivery system. The findings presented here contribute valuable insights to the development of effective delivery strategies for therapeutic growth factors for tissue engineering approaches, including the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meissner
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Shaun Rees
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bruce Harland
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Brad Raos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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2
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Kosutova N, Lorencova L, Hires M, Jane E, Orovcik L, Kollar J, Kozics K, Gabelova A, Ukraintsev E, Rezek B, Kasak P, Cernocka H, Ostatna V, Blahutova J, Vikartovska A, Bertok T, Tkac J. Negative Charge-Carrying Glycans Attached to Exosomes as Novel Liquid Biopsy Marker. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1128. [PMID: 38400284 PMCID: PMC10892626 DOI: 10.3390/s24041128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer. In this paper, the isolation and properties of exosomes as potential novel liquid biopsy markers for early PCa liquid biopsy diagnosis are investigated using two prostate human cell lines, i.e., benign (control) cell line RWPE1 and carcinoma cell line 22Rv1. Exosomes produced by both cell lines are characterised by various methods including nanoparticle-tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used to study three different receptors on the exosomal surface (CD63, CD81 and prostate-specific membrane antigen-PMSA), implementing monoclonal antibodies and identifying the type of glycans present on the surface of exosomes using lectins (glycan-recognising proteins). Electrochemical analysis is used to understand the interfacial properties of exosomes. The results indicate that cancerous exosomes are smaller, are produced at higher concentrations, and exhibit more nega tive zeta potential than the control exosomes. The SPR experiments confirm that negatively charged α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acid-containing glycans are found in greater abundance on carcinoma exosomes, whereas bisecting and branched glycans are more abundant in the control exosomes. The SPR results also show that a sandwich antibody/exosomes/lectins configuration could be constructed for effective glycoprofiling of exosomes as a novel liquid biopsy marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kosutova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Michal Hires
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Eduard Jane
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Lubomir Orovcik
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9/6319, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kollar
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kozics
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia (A.G.)
| | - Alena Gabelova
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia (A.G.)
| | - Egor Ukraintsev
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.U.); (B.R.)
| | - Bohuslav Rezek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.U.); (B.R.)
| | - Peter Kasak
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Hana Cernocka
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.)
| | - Veronika Ostatna
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.C.)
| | - Jana Blahutova
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Alica Vikartovska
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
| | - Jan Tkac
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 5807/9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia (L.L.); (E.J.)
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3
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Moussu S, Lee HK, Haas KT, Broyart C, Rathgeb U, De Bellis D, Levasseur T, Schoenaers S, Fernandez GS, Grossniklaus U, Bonnin E, Hosy E, Vissenberg K, Geldner N, Cathala B, Höfte H, Santiago J. Plant cell wall patterning and expansion mediated by protein-peptide-polysaccharide interaction. Science 2023; 382:719-725. [PMID: 37943924 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of cell wall polysaccharides into specific patterns is required for plant growth. A complex of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 4 (RALF4) and its cell wall-anchored LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT EXTENSIN 8 (LRX8)-interacting protein is crucial for cell wall integrity during pollen tube growth, but its molecular connection with the cell wall is unknown. Here, we show that LRX8-RALF4 complexes adopt a heterotetrametric configuration in vivo, displaying a dendritic distribution. The LRX8-RALF4 complex specifically interacts with demethylesterified pectins in a charge-dependent manner through RALF4's polycationic surface. The LRX8-RALF4-pectin interaction exerts a condensing effect, patterning the cell wall's polymers into a reticulated network essential for wall integrity and expansion. Our work uncovers a dual structural and signaling role for RALF4 in pollen tube growth and in the assembly of complex extracellular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moussu
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kalina T Haas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Caroline Broyart
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Rathgeb
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien De Bellis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gorka S Fernandez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Hosy
- IINS, CNRS UMR5297, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos PC 71410, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Herman Höfte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Julia Santiago
- The Plant Signaling Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lauster D, Osterrieder K, Haag R, Ballauff M, Herrmann A. Respiratory viruses interacting with cells: the importance of electrostatics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169547. [PMID: 37440888 PMCID: PMC10333706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has rekindled interest in the molecular mechanisms involved in the early steps of infection of cells by viruses. Compared to SARS-CoV-1 which only caused a relatively small albeit deadly outbreak, SARS-CoV-2 has led to fulminant spread and a full-scale pandemic characterized by efficient virus transmission worldwide within a very short time. Moreover, the mutations the virus acquired over the many months of virus transmission, particularly those seen in the Omicron variant, have turned out to result in an even more transmissible virus. Here, we focus on the early events of virus infection of cells. We review evidence that the first decisive step in this process is the electrostatic interaction of the spike protein with heparan sulfate chains present on the surface of target cells: Patches of cationic amino acids located on the surface of the spike protein can interact intimately with the negatively charged heparan sulfate chains, which results in the binding of the virion to the cell surface. In a second step, the specific interaction of the receptor binding domain (RBD) within the spike with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor leads to the uptake of bound virions into the cell. We show that these events can be expressed as a semi-quantitative model by calculating the surface potential of different spike proteins using the Adaptive Poison-Boltzmann-Solver (APBS). This software allows visualization of the positive surface potential caused by the cationic patches, which increased markedly from the original Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 to the Omicron variant. The surface potential thus enhanced leads to a much stronger binding of the Omicron variant as compared to the original wild-type virus. At the same time, data taken from the literature demonstrate that the interaction of the RBD of the spike protein with the ACE2 receptor remains constant within the limits of error. Finally, we briefly digress to other viruses and show the usefulness of these electrostatic processes and calculations for cell-virus interactions more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lauster
- Institut für Pharmazie, Biopharmazeutika, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, SupraFAB, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Walkowiak JJ, Nikam R, Ballauff M. Adsorption of Mono- and Divalent Ions onto Dendritic Polyglycerol Sulfate (dPGS) as Studied Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2792. [PMID: 37447437 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective charge of highly charged polyelectrolytes is significantly lowered by a condensation of counterions. This effect is more pronounced for divalent ions. Here we present a study of the counterion condensation to dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) that consists of a hydrophilic dendritic scaffold onto which sulfate groups are appended. The interactions between the dPGS and divalent ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+) were analyzed using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and showed no ion specificity upon binding, but clear competition between the monovalent and divalent ions. Our findings, in line with the latest theoretical studies, demonstrate that a large fraction of the monovalent ions is sequentially replaced with the divalent ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek J Walkowiak
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit Nikam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Taktstraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Bazazi S, Hosseini SP, Hashemi E, Rashidzadeh B, Liu Y, Saeb MR, Xiao H, Seidi F. Polysaccharide-based C-dots and polysaccharide/C-dot nanocomposites: fabrication strategies and applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3630-3650. [PMID: 36728615 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
C-dots are a new class of materials with vast applications. The synthesis of bio-based C-dots has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Polysaccharides being the most abundant natural materials with high biodegradability and no toxicity have been the focus of researchers for the synthesis of C-dots. C-dots obtained from polysaccharides are generally fabricated via thermal procedures, carbonization, and microwave pyrolysis. Small size, photo-induced electron transfer (PET), and highly adjustable luminosity behavior are the most important physical and chemical properties of C-dots. However, C-dot/polysaccharide composites can be introduced as a new generation of composites that combine the features of both C-dots and polysaccharides having a wide range of applications in biomedicines, biosensors, drug delivery systems, etc. This review demonstrates the features, raw materials, and methods used for the fabrication of C-dots derived from different polysaccharides. Furthermore, the properties, applications, and synthesis conditions of various C-dot/polysaccharide composites are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bazazi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Hosseini
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Esmaeil Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, PO Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 Canada.
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Effects of the molecular weight of hyaluronan on the conformation and release kinetics of self-assembled 5-fluorouracil-loaded lysozyme-hyaluronan colloidal nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:87-99. [PMID: 36347364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme (LYS) and hyaluronan with low (HA1: 3 kDa), medium (HA2: 120 kDa), and high (HA3: 1200 kDa) molecular weights were used to fabricate lysozyme-hyaluronan colloidal nanoparticles using a green self-assembly method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions promoted the formation of the colloidal nanoparticles. The hydrophobic area of prepared colloidal nanoparticles was quantified using a pyrene fluorescent probe, and the results showed that the LYS-HA3 nanoparticles had the strongest hydrophobic capacity. Furthermore, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was used to evaluate encapsulation performance, demonstrating that the LYS-HA3 nanoparticles had the highest encapsulation ability (>90 %). All prepared 5-Fu-loaded lysozyme-hyaluronan (5-Fu@LYS-HA) colloidal nanoparticles exhibited excellent long-term storage stability at 4 °C for 60 days. Cellular uptake and in vitro release results indicated that the LYS-HA2 nanoparticles exhibited the highest cellular uptake efficiency, and the LYS-HA3 nanoparticles had the best slow-release effect, while the release process was mainly controlled by the combination of Fickian diffusion and structural relaxation, respectively. This study demonstrates the influence of molecular weight on the conformational and structural properties of colloidal nanoparticles, which has implications for the design of insoluble drug self-assembly systems.
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Simončič M, Hritz J, Lukšič M. Biomolecular Complexation on the "Wrong Side": A Case Study of the Influence of Salts and Sugars on the Interactions between Bovine Serum Albumin and Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4412-4426. [PMID: 36134887 PMCID: PMC9554918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the protein purification, drug delivery, food industry, and biotechnological applications involving protein-polyelectrolyte complexation, proper selection of co-solutes and solution conditions plays a crucial role. The onset of (bio)macromolecular complexation occurs even on the so-called "wrong side" of the protein isoionic point where both the protein and the polyelectrolyte are net like-charged. To gain mechanistic insights into the modulatory role of salts (NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) and sugars (sucrose and sucralose) in protein-polyelectrolyte complexation under such conditions, interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) at pH = 8.0 was studied by a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and thermodynamic modeling. The BSA-NaPSS complexation proceeds by two binding processes (first, formation of intrapolymer complexes and then formation of interpolymer complexes), both driven by favorable electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged sulfonic groups (-SO3-) of NaPSS and positively charged patches on the BSA surface. Two such positive patches were identified, each responsible for one of the two binding processes. The presence of salts screened both short-range attractive and long-range repulsive electrostatic interactions between both macromolecules, resulting in a nonmonotonic dependence of the binding affinity on the total ionic strength for both binding processes. In addition, distinct anion-specific effects were observed (NaCl < NaBr < NaI). The effect of sugars was less pronounced: sucrose had no effect on the complexation, but its chlorinated analogue, sucralose, promoted it slightly due to the screening of long-range repulsive electrostatic interactions between BSA and NaPSS. Although short-range non-electrostatic interactions are frequently mentioned in the literature in relation to BSA or NaPSS, we found that the main driving force of complexation on the "wrong side" are electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Simončič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jozef Hritz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Miha Lukšič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Malicka W, Haag R, Ballauff M. Interaction of Heparin with Proteins: Hydration Effects. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6250-6260. [PMID: 35960645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a thermodynamic investigation of the interaction of heparin with lysozyme in the presence of potassium glutamate (KGlu). The binding constant Kb is measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in a temperature range from 288 to 310 K for concentrations of KGlu between 25 and 175 mM. The free energy of binding ΔGb derived from Kb is strongly decreasing with increasing concentration of KGlu, whereas the dependence of ΔGb on temperature T is found to be small. The decrease of ΔGb can be explained in terms of counterion release: Binding of lysozyme to the strong polyelectrolyte heparin liberates approximately three of the condensed counterions of heparin, thus increasing the entropy of the system. The dependence of ΔGb on T, on the other hand, is traced back to a change of hydration of the protein and the polyelectrolyte upon complex formation. This dependence is quantitatively described by the parameter Δw that depends on T and vanishes at a characteristic temperature T0. A comparison of the complex formation in the presence of KGlu with the one in the presence of NaCl demonstrates that the parameters related to hydration are changed considerably. The characteristic temperature T0 in the presence of KGlu solutions is considerably smaller than that in the presence of NaCl solutions. The change of specific heat Δcp is found to become more negative with increasing salt concentration: This finding agrees with the model-free analysis by the generalized van't Hoff equation. The entire analysis reveals a small but important change of the free energy of binding by hydration. It shows that these ion-specific Hofmeister effects can be modeled quantitatively in terms of a characteristic temperature T0 and a parameter describing the dependence of Δcp on salt concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Malicka
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Wang J, Sun J, Sun P, Yang K, Dumas E, Gharsallaoui A. Formation of lysozyme-caseinate heteroprotein complexes for encapsulation of lysozyme by spray-drying: Effect of mass ratio and temperature. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:312-320. [PMID: 35738341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The formation of heteroprotein complexes obtained by the interactions between sodium caseinate (CAS) and lysozyme (LYS) at pH 7 was investigated by using turbidimetric analysis, particle size distribution, and zeta potential at different CAS/LYS ratios. Moreover, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to determine the type and magnitude of the energies involved in the CAS/LYS complexation process and evaluated the thermodynamic behavior of their complexation. Results revealed that the structure of CAS/LYS complexes drastically changed when CAS/LYS ratio increased to 1.0 and the structuring stages were characterized by exothermic signals and were controlled by favorable enthalpy changes due to electrostatic interactions between both proteins. In addition, the interaction between two proteins was temperature-dependent and mainly entropy-driven, which was verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding were shown to play an important role in CAS/LYS interactions. Furthermore, CAS/LYS complexes showed minimum LYS enzymatic activity at CAS/LYS ratio 1.0. Though spray-drying of CAS/LYS complexes with ratio 1.0, the LYS activity in reconstituted solution was recovered >80 % of initial activity after calcium chloride addition. The present study provides useful information about CAS/LYS complexation and binding processes, which could facilitate their application in antimicrobial edible food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Collage of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China; Univ. Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Juan Sun
- Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Collage of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Collage of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Emilie Dumas
- Univ. Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adem Gharsallaoui
- Univ. Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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11
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Ballauff M. Denaturation of proteins: electrostatic effects vs. hydration. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10105-10113. [PMID: 35424951 PMCID: PMC8968186 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01167k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolding transition of proteins in aqueous solution containing various salts or uncharged solutes is a classical subject of biophysics. In many cases, this transition is a well-defined two-stage equilibrium process which can be described by a free energy of transition ΔGu and a transition temperature Tm. For a long time, it has been known that solutes can change Tm profoundly. Here we present a phenomenological model that describes the change of Tm with the solute concentration cs in terms of two effects: (i) the change of the number of correlated counterions Δnci and (ii) the change of hydration expressed through the parameter Δw and its dependence on temperature expressed through the parameter dΔcp/dcs. Proteins always carry charges and Δnci describes the uptake or release of counterions during the transition. Likewise, the parameter Δw measures the uptake or release of water during the transition. The transition takes place in a reservoir with a given salt concentration cs that defines also the activity of water. The parameter Δnci is a measure for the gain or loss of free energy because of the release or uptake of ions and is related to purely entropic effects that scale with ln cs. Δw describes the effect on ΔGu through the loss or uptake of water molecules and contains enthalpic as well as entropic effects that scale with cs. It is related to the enthalpy of transition ΔHu through a Maxwell relation: the dependence of ΔHu on cs is proportional to the dependence of Δw on temperature. While ionic effects embodied in Δnci are independent of the kind of salt, the hydration effects described through Δw are directly related to Hofmeister effects of the various salt ions. A comparison with literature data underscores the general validity of the model. A phenomenological approach to the unfolding transition of proteins is given. The model treats quantitatively the effect of electrostatics as well as of hydration (Hofmeister effects).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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12
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Lunkad R, Barroso da Silva FL, Košovan P. Both Charge-Regulation and Charge-Patch Distribution Can Drive Adsorption on the Wrong Side of the Isoelectric Point. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1813-1825. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Lunkad
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando L. Barroso da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Peter Košovan
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Xu X, Jia X, Zhang Y. Dendritic polyelectrolytes with monovalent and divalent counterions: the charge regulation effect and counterion release. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10862-10872. [PMID: 34806740 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01392k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The charge regulation and the release of counterions are extremely important and substantial in determining the charge state of polyelectrolytes and the interaction between polyelectrolytes and proteins. Going beyond monovalent to multivalent cations, it is well-known that the effects of ions are qualitatively different. Therefore, the well-accepted descriptions of the charge regulation and the counterion release based on monovalent ions do not immediately apply to systems with multivalent ions. Here, we study the key structural and electrostatic features of charged dendrimers at hand of the pharmaceutically important dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) macromolecule equilibrated with monovalent and divalent salts by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Following a simple but accurate scheme to determine its effective radius, the counterion condensed layer of the dPGS is determined with high accuracy and we observe the sequential replacement of condensed monovalent cations (MCs) to divalent cations (DCs) rendering a smaller dPGS effective charge versus the DC concentration. We resolve and track the release of counterions on the dPGS along its binding pathway with the plasma protein Human Serum Albumin (HSA). We find that the release of MCs remains favorable for the complexation leading to a considerable amount of release entropy as the driving force for complexation. The release of DCs only occurs above a certain DC concentration with a comparably smaller number of released ions than MCs. Its contribution to the binding free energy is small indicating a subtle cancellation between the entropy gain in releasing DCs and the enthalpy penalty from dissociating DCs from the dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
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14
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Interaction of Linear Polyelectrolytes with Proteins: Role of Specific Charge-Charge Interaction and Ionic Strength. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091377. [PMID: 34572590 PMCID: PMC8472085 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a thermodynamic study of the interaction of synthetic, linear polyelectrolytes with bovine serum albumin (BSA). All polyelectrolytes are based on poly(allyl glycidyl ether) which has been modified by polymer-analogous reaction with anionic (-SO3Na), cationic (-NH3Cl or -NHMe2Cl) or zwitterionic groups (-NMe2(CH2)3SO3). While the anionic polymer shows a very weak interaction, the zwitterionic polymer exhibits no interaction with BSA (pI = 4.7) under the applied pH = 7.4, ionic strength (I = 23–80 mM) and temperature conditions (T = 20–37 °C). A strong binding, however, was observed for the polycations bearing primary amino or tertiary dimethyl amino groups, which could be analysed in detail by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The analysis was done using an expression which describes the free energy of binding, ΔGb, as the function of the two decisive variables, temperature, T, and salt concentration, cs. The underlying model splits ΔGb into a term related to counterion release and a term related to water release. While the number of released counter ions is similar for both systems, the release of bound water is more important for the primary amine compared to the tertiary N,N-dimethyl amine presenting polymer. This finding is further traced back to a closer contact of the polymers’ protonated primary amino groups in the complex with oppositely charged moieties of BSA as compared to the bulkier protonated tertiary amine groups. We thus present an investigation that quantifies both driving forces for electrostatic binding, namely counterion release and change of hydration, which contribute to a deeper understanding with direct impact on future advancements in the biomedical field.
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15
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Kühn S, Freyse J, Atallah P, Rademann J, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Tuning the network charge of biohybrid hydrogel matrices to modulate the release of SDF-1. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1453-1464. [PMID: 34218538 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of chemotactic signaling molecules via customized biomaterials can effectively guide the migration of cells to improve the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues. Here, we present a novel biohybrid hydrogel system containing two different sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG)/sGAG derivatives, namely either a mixture of short heparin polymers (Hep-Mal) or structurally defined nona-sulfated tetrahyaluronans (9s-HA4-SH), to precisely control the release of charged signaling molecules. The polymer networks are described in terms of their negative charge, i.e. the anionic sulfate groups on the saccharides, using two parameters, the integral density of negative charge and the local charge distribution (clustering) within the network. The modulation of both parameters was shown to govern the release characteristics of the chemotactic signaling molecule SDF-1 and allows for seamless transitions between burst and sustained release conditions as well as the precise control over the total amount of delivered protein. The obtained hydrogels with well-adjusted release profiles effectively promote MSC migration in vitro and emerge as promising candidates for new treatment modalities in the context of bone repair and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kühn
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Hohe Str. 6, D-01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Joanna Freyse
- Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, D-14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Passant Atallah
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Hohe Str. 6, D-01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, D-14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Hohe Str. 6, D-01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Hohe Str. 6, D-01069Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 105, D-01307Dresden, Germany
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16
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Monteiro MJ, Cunningham MF. Polymer Colloids: Synthesis Fundamentals to Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 21:4377-4378. [PMID: 33161722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This special issue of Biomacromolecules highlights research from The International Polymer Colloid Group (IPCG), which was founded in 1972 as a forum for the exchange of ideas and emerging research activities for scientists and engineers from both academia and industry who study or use polymer colloids. The increasing relevance of polymeric structures with colloidal dimensions to biomacromolecules research provided the impetus for organizing this special issue. The IPCG is composed of over 120 researchers from over 20 countries who are elected to membership. Activities comprise annual symposia including a biennial International Polymer Colloid Group Research Conference and a semiannual newsletter that incorporates a summary of recent (including unpublished) research results from our members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael F Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kinston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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17
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Walkowiak JJ, Ballauff M. Interaction of Polyelectrolytes with Proteins: Quantifying the Role of Water. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100661. [PMID: 34194953 PMCID: PMC8224434 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical model is presented for the free energy ΔGb of complex formation between a highly charged polyelectrolyte and a protein. The model introduced here comprises both the effect of released counterions and the uptake or release of water molecules during complex formation. The resulting expression for ΔGb is hence capable of describing the dependence of ΔGb on temperature as well as on the concentration of salt in the system: An increase of the salt concentration in the solution increases the activity of the ions and counterion release becomes less effective for binding. On the other hand, an increased salt concentration leads to the decrease of the activity of water in bulk. Hence, release of water molecules during complex formation will be more advantageous and lead to an increase of the magnitude of ΔGb and the binding constant. It is furthermore demonstrated that the release or uptake of water molecules is the origin of the marked enthalpy-entropy cancellation observed during complex formation of polyelectrolytes with proteins. The comparison with experimental data on complex formation between a synthetic (sulfated dendritic polyglycerol) and natural polyelectrolytes (DNA; heparin) with proteins shows full agreement with theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek J. Walkowiak
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTaktstraße 3Berlin14195Germany
- Aachen‐Maastricht Institute for Biobased MaterialsMaastricht UniversityBrightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22Geleen6167 RDThe Netherlands
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTaktstraße 3Berlin14195Germany
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