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Bitzenhofer NL, Hilgers F, Bosio GN, Torra J, Casini G, Beinlich FRM, Knieps-Grünhagen E, Gordeliy V, Jaeger KE, Nonell S, Krauss U, Gensch T, Drepper T. Development and Characterization of Flavin-Binding Fluorescent Proteins, Part II: Advanced Characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2564:143-183. [PMID: 36107341 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2667-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavin-based fluorescent proteins (FbFPs), a class of small fluorescent proteins derived from light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domains, bind ubiquitous endogenous flavins as chromophores. Due to their unique properties, they can be used as versatile in vivo reporter proteins under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. This chapter presents methodologies for in-depth characterization of the biochemical, spectroscopic, photophysical, and photochemical properties of FbFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Lisa Bitzenhofer
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabienne Hilgers
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gabriela N Bosio
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joaquim Torra
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgia Casini
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix R M Beinlich
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Esther Knieps-Grünhagen
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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Bottens RA, Yamada T. Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) as Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225546. [PMID: 36428639 PMCID: PMC9688740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) are short peptides consisting of <30 amino acids. Their ability to translocate through the cell membrane while carrying large cargo biomolecules has been the topic of pre-clinical and clinical trials. The ability to deliver cargo complexes through membranes yields potential for therapeutics and diagnostics for diseases such as cancer. Upon cellular entry, some CPPs have the ability to target specific organelles. CPP-based intracellular targeting strategies hold tremendous potential as they can improve efficacy and reduce toxicities and side effects. Further, recent clinical trials show a significant potential for future CPP-based cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advances in CPPs based on systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until 30 September 2022. We highlight targeted delivery and explore the potential uses for CPPs as diagnostics, drug delivery, and intrinsic anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Bottens
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence:
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Garizo AR, Castro F, Martins C, Almeida A, Dias TP, Fernardes F, Barrias CC, Bernardes N, Fialho AM, Sarmento B. p28-functionalized PLGA nanoparticles loaded with gefitinib reduce tumor burden and metastases formation on lung cancer. J Control Release 2021; 337:329-342. [PMID: 34311024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is still the main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its treatment generally includes surgical resection, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemo-targeted therapies such as the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Gefitinib (GEF) is one of them, but its poor solubility in gastric fluids weakens its bioavailability and therapeutic activity. In addition, like all other chemotherapy treatments, GEF administration can cause damage to healthy tissues. Therefore, the development of novel GEF delivery systems to increase its bioavailability and distribution in tumor site is highly demanded. Herein, an innovative strategy for GEF delivery, by functionalizing PLGA nanoparticles with p28 (p28-NPs), a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the bacterial protein azurin, was developed. Our data indicated that p28 potentiates the selective interaction of these nanosystems with A549 lung cancer cells (active targeting). Further p28-NPs delivering GEF (p28-NPs-GEF) were able to selectively reduce the metabolic activity of A549 cells, while no impact was observed in non-tumor cells (16HBE14o-). In vivo studies using A549 subcutaneous xenograft showed that p28-NPs-GEF reduced A549 primary tumor burden and lung metastases formation. Overall, the design of a p28-functionalized delivery nanosystem to effectively penetrate the membranes of cancer cells while deliver GEF could provide a new strategy to improve lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Garizo
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávia Castro
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Almeida
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago P Dias
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fábio Fernardes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arsénio M Fialho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Biological Sciences Research Group, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, R. Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
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