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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2021-2022. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38925550 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a well-established technique and this review is the 12th update of the original article published in 1999 and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2022. As with previous review, this review also includes a few papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review follows the same format as previous reviews. It is divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of computer software for structural identification. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other general areas such as medicine, industrial processes, natural products and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis, particularly in its ability to produce single ions from each analyte and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Wu Y, Lyu Y, Li L, Zhou K, Cai J, Wang X, Wang H, Yan F, Weng Z. Unimolecular Cascaded Multienzyme Conjugates Modulate the Microenvironment of Diabetic Wound to Promote Healing. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:43-54. [PMID: 38141019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
An abnormal microenvironment underlies poor healing in chronic diabetic chronic wounds. However, effectively modulating the microenvironment of the diabetic wound remains a great challenge due to sustained oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Here, we present a unimolecular enzyme-polymer conjugate that demonstrates excellent multienzymatic cascade activities. The cascaded enzyme conjugates (CECs) were synthesized by grafting poly(N-acryloyl-lysine) (pLAAm) from the glycan moieties of glucose oxidase (GOx) via glycan-initiated polymerization. The resulting CECs exhibited multiple enzymatic properties of GOx, superoxide dismutase mimic, and catalase mimic activities simultaneously. The CECs facilitated the depletion of high blood glucose, ROS scavenging, bacteria-killing, anti-inflammatory effects, and sustained oxygen generation, which restored the microenvironment in diabetic wounds. In vivo results from a diabetic mouse model confirmed the capacity and efficiency of the cascade reaction for diabetic wound healing. Our findings demonstrate that the three-in-one enzyme-polymer conjugates alone can modulate the diabetic microenvironment for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzi Wu
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yanwei Lyu
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ling Li
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhou
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingwen Cai
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xuwei Wang
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Huiru Wang
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fen Yan
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zuquan Weng
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Shu J, Xiong W, Zhang R, Ma S, Zhou K, Wang X, Yan F, Huang D, Li J, Wu Y, He J. Glycan-selective in-situ growth of thermoresponsive polymers for thermoprecipitation and enrichment of N-glycoprotein/glycopeptides. Talanta 2023; 253:123956. [PMID: 36167012 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In view of the biological significance and micro-heterogeneity of protein glycosylation for human health, specific enrichment of N-glycosylated proteins/peptides from complex biological samples is a prerequisite for the discovery of disease biomarkers and clinical diagnosis. In this work, we propose a "grafting-from" N-glycoprotein enriching method based on the in-situ growth of thermoresponsive polymer brushes from the N-glycosylated site of proteins. The initiator was first attached to the pre-oxidized glycan moieties by hydrazide chemistry, from which the thermoresponsive polymers can be grown to form giant protein-polymer conjugates (PPC). The thermosensitive PPC can be precipitated and separated by raising the temperature to above its lower critical solubility temperature (LCST). Mass spectrometry verified 210 N-glycopeptides corresponding to 136 N-glycoproteins in the rabbit serum. These results demonstrate the capability of the tandem thermoprecipitation strategy to enrich and separate N-glycoprotein/glycopeptide. Due to its simplicity and efficiency specifically, this method holds the potential for identifying biomarkers from biological samples in N-glycoproteome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shu
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Wenli Xiong
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, International Travel Health Care Center, Shenzhen Customs District. 1011 Fuqiang Road, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Shanyun Ma
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhou
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xuwei Wang
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Fen Yan
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Da Huang
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yuanzi Wu
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Jian'an He
- Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, International Travel Health Care Center, Shenzhen Customs District. 1011 Fuqiang Road, Shenzhen, 518045, China.
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Liu Y, Ba F, Liu WQ, Wu C, Li J. Plug-and-Play Functionalization of Protein–Polymer Conjugates for Tunable Catalysis Enabled by Genetically Encoded “Click” Chemistry. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fang Ba
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Hakobyan K, Xu J, Müllner M. The challenges of controlling polymer synthesis at the molecular and macromolecular level. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we outline advances and challenges in controlling the structure of polymers at various size regimes in the context of structural features such as molecular weight distribution, end groups, architecture, composition and sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hakobyan
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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