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Fan WL, Huang SY, Yang XJ, Bintang Ilhami F, Chen JK, Cheng CC. Hydrogen-bonded cytosine-endowed supramolecular polymeric nanogels: Highly efficient cancer cell targeting and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:329-344. [PMID: 38531278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that cytosine moieties within physically cross-linked supramolecular polymers not only manipulate drug delivery and release, but also confer specific targeting of cancer cells to effectively enhance the safety and efficacy of chemotherapy-and thus hold significant potential as a new perspective for development of drug delivery systems. Herein, we successfully developed physically cross-linked supramolecular polymers (PECH-PEG-Cy) comprised of hydrogen-bonding cytosine pendant groups, hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) side chains, and a hydrophobic poly(epichlorohydrin) main chain. The polymers spontaneously self-assemble into a reversibly hydrogen-bonded network structure induced by cytosine and directly form spherical nanogels in aqueous solution. Nanogels with a high hydrogen-bond network density (i.e., a higher content of cytosine moieties) exhibit outstanding long-term structural stability in cell culture substrates containing serum, whereas nanogels with a relatively low hydrogen-bond network density cannot preserve their structural integrity. The nanogels also exhibit numerous unique physicochemical characteristics in aqueous solution, such as a desirable spherical size, high biocompatibility with normal and cancer cells, excellent drug encapsulation capacity, and controlled pH-responsive drug release properties. More importantly, in vitro experiments conclusively indicate the drug-loaded PECH-PEG-Cy nanogels can selectively induce cancer cell-specific apoptosis and cell death via cytosine receptor-mediated endocytosis, without significantly harming normal cells. In contrast, control drug-loaded PECH-PEG nanogels, which lack cytosine moieties in their structure, can only induce cell death in cancer cells through non-specific pathways, which significantly inhibits the induction of apoptosis. This work clearly demonstrates that the cytosine moieties in PECH-PEG-Cy nanogels confer selective affinity for the surface of cancer cells, which enhances their targeted cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and subsequent induction of programmed cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lu Fan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Shan-You Huang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Jing Yang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Fasih Bintang Ilhami
- Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya 60231, Indonesia
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
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Fesseha YA, Manayia AH, Liu PC, Su TH, Huang SY, Chiu CW, Cheng CC. Photoreactive silver-containing supramolecular polymers that form self-assembled nanogels for efficient antibacterial treatment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:967-978. [PMID: 37898080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient synthetic strategy and potential route to obtain a photo-reactive silver-containing cytosine-functionalized polypropylene glycol polymer (Ag-Cy-PPG) was developed by combining a hydrophilic oligomeric polypropylene glycol (PPG) backbone with dual pH-sensitive/photo-reactive cytosine-silver-cytosine (Cy-Ag-Cy) linkages. The resulting photo-responsive Ag-Cy-PPG holds great promise as a multifunctional biomedical material that generates spherical-like nanogels in water; the nanogels exhibit high antibacterial activity and thus may significantly enhance the efficacy of antibacterial treatment. Due to the formation of photo-dimerized Cy-Ag-Cy cross-linkages after UV irradiation, Ag-Cy-PPG converts into water-soluble cross-linked nanogels that possess a series of interesting chemical and physical properties, such as intense and stable fluorescence behavior, highly sensitive pH-responsive characteristics, on/off switchable phase transition behavior, and well-controlled release of silver ions (Ag+) in mildly acidic aqueous solution. Importantly, antibacterial tests clearly demonstrated that irradiated Ag-Cy-PPG nanogels exhibited strong antibacterial activity at low doses (MIC values of < 50 μg/mL) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens, whereas non-irradiated Ag-Cy-PPG nanogels did not inhibit the viability of bacterial pathogens. These results indicate that irradiated Ag-Cy-PPG nanogels undergo a highly sensitive structural change in the bacterial microenvironment due to their relatively unstable π-conjugated structures (compared to non-irradiated nanogels); this change results in a rapid structural response that promotes intracellular release of Ag+ and induces potent antibacterial ability. Overall, this newly created metallo-supramolecular system may potentially provide an efficient route to dramatically enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of antibacterial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Asmare Fesseha
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Abere Habtamu Manayia
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Cheng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
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Soleimani K, Beyranvand S, Souri Z, Ahmadian Z, Yari A, Faghani A, Shams A, Adeli M. Ferrocene/ β-cyclodextrin based supramolecular nanogels as theranostic systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115402. [PMID: 37660653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A supramolecular redox responsive nanogel (NG) with the ability to sense cancer cells and loaded with a releasing therapeutic agent was synthesized using hostguest interactions between polyethylene glycol-grafted-β-cyclodextrin and ferrocene boronic acid. Cyclic voltammetry matched with other spectroscopy and microscopy methods provided strong indications regarding host-guest interactions and formation of the NG. Moreover, the biological properties of the NG were evaluated using fluorescence silencing, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and cell toxicity assays. Nanogel with spherical core-shell architecture and 100-200 nm sized nanoparticles showed high encapsulation efficiency for doxorubicin (DOX) and luminol (LU) as therapeutic and sensing agents. High therapeutic and sensing efficiencies were manifested by complete release of DOX and dramatic quenching of LU fluorescence triggered by 0.05 mM H2O2 (as an ROS component). The NGs showed high ROS sensitivity. Taking advantage of a high loading capacity, redox sensitivity, and biocompatibility, the NGs can be used as strong theranostic systems in inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6815144316, Iran
| | - Siamak Beyranvand
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6815144316, Iran
| | - Zeinab Souri
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6815144316, Iran
| | - Zainab Ahmadian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Yari
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6815144316, Iran
| | - Abbas Faghani
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Azim Shams
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6815144316, Iran
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6815144316, Iran.
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Sankaranarayanan A, Ramprasad A, Shree Ganesh S, Ganesh H, Ramanathan B, Shanmugavadivu A, Selvamurugan N. Nanogels for bone tissue engineering - from synthesis to application. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37305943 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are cross-linked hydrogel nanoparticles with a three-dimensional, tunable porous structure that merges the best features of hydrogels and nanoparticles, including the ability to retain their hydrated nature and to swell and shrink in response to environmental changes. Nanogels have attracted increasing attention for use in bone tissue engineering as scaffolds for growth factor transport and cell adhesion. Their three-dimensional structures allow the encapsulation of a wide range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, enhance their half-life, and impede their enzymatic breakdown in vivo. Nanogel-based scaffolds are a viable treatment modality for enhanced bone regeneration. They act as carriers for cells and active ingredients capable of controlled release, enhanced mechanical support, and osteogenesis for enhanced bone tissue regeneration. However, the development of such nanogel constructs might involve combinations of several biomaterials to fabricate active ingredients that can control release, enhance mechanical support, and facilitate osteogenesis for more effective bone tissue regeneration. Hence, this review aims to highlight the potential of nanogel-based scaffolds to address the needs of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anushikaa Ramprasad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Shree Ganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Harini Ganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Bharathi Ramanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Abinaya Shanmugavadivu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ren Z, Liao T, Li C, Kuang Y. Drug Delivery Systems with a “Tumor-Triggered” Targeting or Intracellular Drug Release Property Based on DePEGylation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155290. [PMID: 35955225 PMCID: PMC9369796 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Coating nanosized anticancer drug delivery systems (DDSs) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the so-called PEGylation, has been proven an effective method to enhance hydrophilicity, aqueous dispersivity, and stability of DDSs. What is more, as PEG has the lowest level of protein absorption of any known polymer, PEGylation can reduce the clearance of DDSs by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and prolong their blood circulation time in vivo. However, the “stealthy” characteristic of PEG also diminishes the uptake of DDSs by cancer cells, which may reduce drug utilization. Therefore, dynamic protection strategies have been widely researched in the past years. Coating DDSs with PEG through dynamic covalent or noncovalent bonds that are stable in blood and normal tissues, but can be broken in the tumor microenvironment (TME), can achieve a DePEGylation-based “tumor-triggered” targeting or intracellular drug release, which can effectively improve the utilization of drugs and reduce their side effects. In this review, the stimuli and methods of “tumor-triggered” targeting or intracellular drug release, based on DePEGylation, are summarized. Additionally, the targeting and intracellular controlled release behaviors of the DDSs are briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ren
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Z.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Tao Liao
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Z.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Cao Li
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; (Z.R.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ying Kuang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Y.K.)
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Zeng Z, Yu S, Guo C, Lu D, Geng Z, Pei D. Mxene reinforced supramolecular hydrogels with high strength, stretchability and reliable conductivity for sensitive strain sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200103. [PMID: 35319127 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels used as electronics have received much attention due to their great flexibility and stretchability. However, the fabrication of ideal conductive hydrogels fulfilling with excellent mechanical properties and outstanding sensitivity remains a great challenge until now. Moreover, high sensitivity and broad linearity range are pivotal for the feasibility and accuracy of hydrogel sensors. In this study, a conductive supramolecular hydrogel was engineered by directly mixing the aqueous dispersion of MXene with the precursor of N-acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) monomer and then rapidly photo cross-linked by UV irradiation. The resultant PNAGA/MXene hydrogel-sensors exhibited high mechanical strength (4.8 MPa), great stretchability (630%), and excellent durability. The conductive hydrogel-based sensor presented excellent conductivity (17.3 S·m-1 ) and a wide scope of linear dependence of sensitivity on strain (0-125%, gauge factor = 2.05). It displayed reliable detection of various motions, including repeated subtle movements and large strain. It was also showed good degradation in vitro and antifouling capability. This work may provide a simple and promising platform for engineering conductive supramolecular hydrogels with integrated high performance aiming for smart wearable electronics, electronic skin, soft robots, and human-machine interfacing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zeng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Daohuan Lu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Zhijie Geng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Dating Pei
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
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