1
|
Du Y, Zhao H, Feng N, Zheng D, Khan A, Zhou H, Deng P, Wang Y, Lu X, Jiang W. Alginate Oligosaccharides Alleviate Salt Stress in Rice Seedlings by Regulating Cell Wall Metabolism to Maintain Cell Wall Structure and Improve Lodging Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1215. [PMID: 38732430 PMCID: PMC11085217 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that damage the structure and composition of cell walls. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have been advocated to significantly improve plant stress tolerance. The metabolic mechanism by which AOS induces salt tolerance in rice cell walls remains unclear. Here, we report the impact of AOS foliar application on the cell wall composition of rice seedlings using the salt-tolerant rice variety FL478 and the salt-sensitive variety IR29. Data revealed that salt stress decreased biomass, stem basal width, stem breaking strength, and lodging resistance; however, it increased cell wall thickness. In leaves, exogenous AOS up-regulated the expression level of OSCESA8, increased abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroids (BR) content, and increased β-galacturonic activity, polygalacturonase activity, xylanase activity, laccase activity, biomass, and cellulose content. Moreover, AOS down-regulated the expression levels of OSMYB46 and OSIRX10 and decreased cell wall hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin content to maintain cell wall stability under salt stress. In stems, AOS increased phenylalamine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activities, while decreasing cellulase, laccase, and β-glucanase activities. Furthermore, AOS improved the biomass and stem basal width and also enhanced the cellulose, pectin, and lignin content of the stem, As a result, increased resistance to stem breakage strength and alleviated salt stress-induced damage, thus enhancing the lodging resistance. Under salt stress, AOS regulates phytohormones and modifies cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin metabolism to maintain cell wall structure and improve stem resistance to lodging. This study aims to alleviate salt stress damage to rice cell walls, enhance resistance to lodging, and improve salt tolerance in rice by exogenous application of AOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Du
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
| | - Aaqil Khan
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Peng Deng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xutong Lu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (H.Z.); (P.D.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (W.J.)
- South China Center of National Saline-Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liú R, Xiāo X, Gōng J, Lǐ J, Yán H, Gě Q, Lú Q, Lǐ P, Pān J, Shāng H, Shí Y, Chén Q, Yuán Y, Gǒng W. Genetic linkage analysis of stable QTLs in Gossypium hirsutum RIL population revealed function of GhCesA4 in fiber development. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00379-X. [PMID: 38065406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upland cotton is an important allotetrapolyploid crop providing natural fibers for textile industry. Under the present high-level breeding and production conditions, further simultaneous improvement of fiber quality and yield is facing unprecedented challenges due to their complex negative correlations. OBJECTIVES The study was to adequately identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and dissect how they orchestrate the formation of fiber quality and yield. METHODS A high-density genetic map (HDGM) based on an intraspecific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 231 individuals was used to identify QTLs and QTL clusters of fiber quality and yield traits. The weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) package in R software was utilized to identify WGCNA network and hub genes related to fiber development. Gene functions were verified via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 strategies. RESULTS An HDGM consisting of 8045 markers was constructed spanning 4943.01 cM of cotton genome. A total of 295 QTLs were identified based on multi-environmental phenotypes. Among 139 stable QTLs, including 35 newly identified ones, seventy five were of fiber quality and 64 yield traits. A total of 33 QTL clusters harboring 74 QTLs were identified. Eleven candidate hub genes were identified via WGCNA using genes in all stable QTLs and QTL clusters. The relative expression profiles of these hub genes revealed their correlations with fiber development. VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 edition revealed that the hub gene cellulose synthase 4 (GhCesA4, GH_D07G2262) positively regulate fiber length and fiber strength formation and negatively lint percentage. CONCLUSION Multiple analyses demonstrate that the hub genes harbored in the QTLs orchestrate the fiber development. The hub gene GhCesA4 has opposite pleiotropic effects in regulating trait formation of fiber quality and yield. The results facilitate understanding the genetic basis of negative correlation between cotton fiber quality and yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruìxián Liú
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiànghuī Xiāo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China; College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jǔwǔ Gōng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jùnwén Lǐ
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hàoliàng Yán
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qún Gě
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Quánwěi Lú
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Péngtāo Lǐ
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jìngtāo Pān
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hǎihóng Shāng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yùzhēn Shí
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qúanjiā Chén
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yǒulù Yuán
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Wànkuí Gǒng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang L, Zhang W, Li X, Staiger CJ, Zhang C. Point mutations in the catalytic domain disrupt cellulose synthase (CESA6) vesicle trafficking and protein dynamics. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2654-2677. [PMID: 37043544 PMCID: PMC10291031 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose, the main component of the plant cell wall, is synthesized by the multimeric cellulose synthase (CESA) complex (CSC). In plant cells, CSCs are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi and transported through the endomembrane system to the plasma membrane (PM). However, how CESA catalytic activity or conserved motifs around the catalytic core influence vesicle trafficking or protein dynamics is not well understood. Here, we used yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged AtCESA6 and created 18 mutants in key motifs of the catalytic domain to analyze how they affected seedling growth, cellulose biosynthesis, complex formation, and CSC dynamics and trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana. Seedling growth and cellulose content were reduced by nearly all mutations. Moreover, mutations in most conserved motifs slowed CSC movement in the PM as well as delivery of CSCs to the PM. Interestingly, mutations in the DDG and QXXRW motifs affected YFP-CESA6 abundance in the Golgi. These mutations also perturbed post-Golgi trafficking of CSCs. The 18 mutations were divided into 2 groups based on their phenotypes; we propose that Group I mutations cause CSC trafficking defects, whereas Group II mutations, especially in the QXXRW motif, affect protein folding and/or CSC rosette formation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the CESA6 catalytic domain is essential for cellulose biosynthesis as well as CSC formation, protein folding and dynamics, and vesicle trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christopher J Staiger
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McFarlane HE. Open questions in plant cell wall synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad110. [PMID: 36961357 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells are surrounded by strong yet flexible polysaccharide-based cell walls that support the cell while also allowing growth by cell expansion. Plant cell wall research has advanced tremendously in recent years. Sequenced genomes of many model and crop plants have facilitated cataloging and characterization of many enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis. Structural information has been generated for several important cell wall synthesizing enzymes. Important tools have been developed including antibodies raised against a variety of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins, collections of enzyme clones and synthetic glycan arrays for characterizing enzymes, herbicides that specifically affect cell wall synthesis, live-cell imaging probes to track cell wall synthesis, and an inducible secondary cell wall synthesis system. Despite these advances, and often because of the new information they provide, many open questions about plant cell wall polysaccharide synthesis persist. This article highlights some of the key questions that remain open, reviews the data supporting different hypotheses that address these questions, and discusses technological developments that may answer these questions in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pedersen GB, Blaschek L, Frandsen KEH, Noack LC, Persson S. Cellulose synthesis in land plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:206-231. [PMID: 36564945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides cohesion, protection, and a means of directional growth to plants. Cellulose microfibrils contribute the main biomechanical scaffold for most of these walls. The biosynthesis of cellulose, which typically is the most prominent constituent of the cell wall and therefore Earth's most abundant biopolymer, is finely attuned to developmental and environmental cues. Our understanding of the machinery that catalyzes and regulates cellulose biosynthesis has substantially improved due to recent technological advances in, for example, structural biology and microscopy. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and regulation of the cellulose synthesis machinery and its regulatory interactors. We aim to highlight important knowledge gaps in the field, and outline emerging approaches that promise a means to close those gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav B Pedersen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Leonard Blaschek
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lise C Noack
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|