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Mohammad SA, Toragall VB, Fortenberry A, Shofolawe-Bakare O, Sulochana S, Heath K, Owolabi I, Tassin G, Flynt AS, Smith AE, Werfel T. Postpolymerization Modification of Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) as a Versatile Strategy for Drug Conjugation and Stimuli-Responsive Release. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2621-2634. [PMID: 38457653 PMCID: PMC11194783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Postpolymerization modification of highly defined "scaffold" polymers is a promising approach for overcoming the existing limitations of controlled radical polymerization such as batch-to-batch inconsistencies, accessibility to different monomers, and compatibility with harsh synthesis conditions. Using multiple physicochemical characterization techniques, we demonstrate that poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) scaffolds can be efficiently modified with a coumarin derivative, doxorubicin, and camptothecin small molecule drugs. Subsequently, we show that coumarin-modified PVDMA has a high cellular biocompatibility and that coumarin derivatives are liberated from the polymer in the intracellular environment for cytosolic accumulation. In addition, we report the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy of a PVDMA-based polymer for the first time, demonstrating unique accumulation patterns based on the administration route (i.e., intravenous vs oral), efficient tumor uptake, and tumor growth inhibition in 4T1 orthotopic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts. This work establishes the utility of PVDMA as a versatile chemical platform for producing polymer-drug conjugates with a tunable, stimuli-responsive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Veeresh B. Toragall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Alex Fortenberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | | | - Suresh Sulochana
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Natural Products Neuroscience, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Katie Heath
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Natural Products Neuroscience, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Iyanuoluwani Owolabi
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Garrett Tassin
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Alex S. Flynt
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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pH-responsive linkages-enabled layer-by-layer assembled antibacterial and antiadhesive multilayer films with polyelectrolyte nanocapsules as biocide delivery vehicles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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3
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Marra IFS, de Castro PP, Amarante GW. Recent Advances in Azlactone Transformations. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella F. S. Marra
- Chemistry Department; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Pedro P. de Castro
- Chemistry Department; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Giovanni W. Amarante
- Chemistry Department; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro Juiz de Fora Brazil
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Guo X, Carter MCD, Appadoo V, Lynn DM. Tunable and Selective Degradation of Amine-Reactive Multilayers in Acidic Media. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3464-3474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanrong Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew C. D. Carter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Visham Appadoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David M. Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Masigol M, Fattahi N, Barua N, Lokitz BS, Retterer ST, Platt TG, Hansen RR. Identification of Critical Surface Parameters Driving Lectin-Mediated Capture of Bacteria from Solution. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2852-2863. [PMID: 31150217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lectin-functional interfaces are useful for isolation of bacteria from solution because they are low-cost and allow nondestructive, reversible capture. This study provides a systematic investigation of physical and chemical surface parameters that influence bacteria capture over lectin-functionalized polymer interfaces and then applies these findings to construct surfaces with significantly enhanced bacteria capture. The designer block copolymer poly(glycidyl methacrylate)- block-poly(vinyldimethyl azlactone) was used as a lectin attachment layer, and lectin coupling into the polymer film through azlactone-lectin coupling reactions was first characterized. Here, experimental parameters including polymer areal chain density, lectin molecular weight, and lectin coupling buffer were systematically varied to identify parameters driving highest azlactone conversions and corresponding lectin surface densities. To introduce physical nanostructures into the attachment layer, nanopillar arrays (NPAs) of varied heights (300 and 2100 nm) were then used to provide an underlying surface template for the functional polymer layer. Capture of Escherichia coli on lectin-polymer surfaces coated over both flat and NPA surfaces was then investigated. For flat polymer interfaces, bacteria were detected on the surface after incubation at a solution concentration of 103 cfu/mL, and a corresponding detection limit of 1.7 × 103 cfu/mL was quantified. This detection limit was 1 order of magnitude lower than control lectin surfaces functionalized with standard, carbodiimide coupling chemistry. NPA surfaces containing 300 nm tall pillars further improved the detection limit to 2.1 × 102 cfu/mL, but also reduced the viability of captured cells. Finally, to investigate the impact of cell surface parameters on capture, we used Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells genetically modified to allow manipulation of exopolysaccharide adhesin production levels. Statistical analysis of surface capture levels revealed that lectin surface density was the primary factor driving capture, as opposed to exopolysaccharide adhesin expression. These findings emphasize the critical importance of the synthetic interface and the development of surfaces that combine high lectin densities with tailored physical features to drive high levels of capture. These insights will aid in design of biofunctional interfaces with physicochemical surface properties favorable for capture and isolation of bacteria cells from solutions.
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Li H, He Y, Yang J, Wang X, Lan T, Peng L. Fabrication of food-safe superhydrophobic cellulose paper with improved moisture and air barrier properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 211:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Masigol M, Barua N, Lokitz BS, Hansen RR. Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30010667 DOI: 10.3791/57562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl dimethyl azlactone) (PGMA-b-PVDMA), are presented. Due to the high reactivity of azlactone groups towards amine, thiol, and hydroxyl groups, PGMA-b-PVDMA surfaces can be modified with secondary molecules to create chemically or biologically functionalized interfaces for a variety of applications. Previous reports of patterned PGMA-b-PVDMA interfaces have used traditional top-down patterning techniques that generate non-uniform films and poorly controlled background chemistries. Here, we describe customized patterning techniques that enable precise deposition of highly uniform PGMA-b-PVDMA films in backgrounds that are chemically inert or that have biomolecule-repellent properties. Importantly, these methods are designed to deposit PGMA-b-PVDMA films in a manner that completely preserves azlactone functionality through each processing step. Patterned films show well-controlled thicknesses that correspond to polymer brushes (~90 nm) or to highly crosslinked structures (~1-10 μm). Brush patterns are generated using either the parylene lift-off or interface directed assembly methods described and are useful for precise modulation of overall chemical surface reactivity by adjusting either the PGMA-b-PVDMA pattern density or the length of the VDMA block. In contrast, the thick, crosslinked PGMA-b-PVDMA patterns are obtained using a customized micro-contact printing technique and offer the benefit of higher loading or capture of secondary material due to higher surface area to volume ratios. Detailed experimental steps, critical film characterizations, and trouble-shooting guides for each fabrication method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niloy Barua
- Chemical Engineering Department, Kansas State University
| | - Bradley S Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Ryan R Hansen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Kansas State University;
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Akiba U, Minaki D, Anzai JI. Host-Guest Chemistry in Layer-by-Layer Assemblies Containing Calix[n]arenes and Cucurbit[n]urils: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E130. [PMID: 30966166 PMCID: PMC6415183 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the synthesis of layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies containing calix[n]arene (CA[n]) and cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) and their applications. LbL assemblies, such as thin films and microcapsules, containing selective binding sites have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use in separation and purification, sensors for ions and molecules, and controlled release. CA[n]-containing LbL films have been prepared using sulfonated CA[n] and cationic polymers to construct chemical sensors and molecular containers. CA[n]-containing LbL films deposited on the surface of a porous support are useful as ion-selective membranes that exhibit selective permeability to monovalent ions over multivalent ions. CB[n]s have been used as molecular glues for the construction of LbL films and microcapsules by taking advantage of the strong affinity of CB[n]s to aromatic compounds. CB[n]s form a stable 1:1:1 ternary complex with electron-rich and electron-deficient molecules in LbL films to stabilize the assemblies. CB[n]-containing LbL films can also be deposited on the surfaces of micro templates and nanopore membranes to construct microcapsules for controlled release and nanochannels for selective ion transport, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uichi Akiba
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen-machi, Akita 010-8502, Japan.
| | - Daichi Minaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Anzai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Takahashi S, Suzuki I, Ojima T, Minaki D, Anzai JI. Voltammetric Response of Alizarin Red S-Confined Film-Coated Electrodes to Diol and Polyol Compounds: Use of Phenylboronic Acid-Modified Poly(ethyleneimine) as Film Component. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E317. [PMID: 29361775 PMCID: PMC5795570 DOI: 10.3390/s18010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alizarin red S (ARS) was confined in layer-by-layer (LbL) films composed of phenylboronic acid-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (PBA-PEI) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to study the voltammetric response to diol and polyol compounds. The LbL film-coated gold (Au) electrode and quartz slide were immersed in an ARS solution to uptake ARS into the film. UV-visible absorption spectra of ARS-confined LbL film suggested that ARS formed boronate ester (ARS-PBS) in the film. The cyclic voltammetry of the ARS-confined LbL film-coated electrodes exhibited oxidation peaks at -0.50 and -0.62 V, which were ascribed to the oxidation reactions of ARS-PBS and free ARS, respectively, in the LbL film. The peak current at -0.62 V increased upon the addition of diol or polyol compounds such as L-dopa, glucose, and sorbitol into the solution, depending on the concentration, whereas the peak current at -0.50 V decreased. The results suggest a possible use of ARS-confined PBA-PEI/CMC LbL film-coated Au electrodes for the construction of voltammetric sensors for diol and polyol compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Iwao Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Takuto Ojima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Daichi Minaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Anzai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Webber JL, Benbow NL, Krasowska M, Beattie DA. Formation and enzymatic degradation of poly-l-arginine/fucoidan multilayer films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:468-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Akiba U, Minaki D, Anzai JI. Photosensitive Layer-by-Layer Assemblies Containing Azobenzene Groups: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E553. [PMID: 30965853 PMCID: PMC6418643 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the syntheses of photosensitive layer-by-layer (LbL) films and microcapsules modified with azobenzene derivatives and their biomedical applications. Photosensitive LbL films and microcapsules can be prepared by alternate deposition of azobenzene-bearing polymers and counter polymers on the surface of flat substrates and microparticles, respectively. Azobenzene residues in the films and microcapsules exhibit trans-to-cis photoisomerization under UV light, which causes changes in the physical or chemical properties of the LbL assemblies. Therefore, azobenzene-functionalized LbL films and microcapsules have been used for the construction of photosensitive biomedical devices. For instance, cell adhesion on the surface of a solid can be controlled by UV light irradiation by coating the surface with azobenzene-containing LbL films. In another example, the ion permeability of porous materials coated with LbL films can be regulated by UV light irradiation. Furthermore, azobenzene-containing LbL films and microcapsules have been used as carriers for drug delivery systems sensitive to light. UV light irradiation triggers permeability changes in the LbL films and/or decomposition of the microcapsules, which results in the release of encapsulated drugs and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uichi Akiba
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata Gakuen-machi, Akita 010-8502, Japan.
| | - Daichi Minaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Anzai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Wang B, Yoshida K, Sato K, Anzai JI. Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Layer-by-Layer Assemblies for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E202. [PMID: 30970879 PMCID: PMC6432399 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies and their biomedical applications was reviewed. Stimuli-sensitive LbL films and microcapsules that exhibit permeability changes or decompose in response to sugars and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) have been developed using PBA-bearing polymers. The responses of PBA-modified LbL assemblies arise from the competitive binding of sugars to PBA in the films or oxidative decomposition of PBA by H₂O₂. Electrochemical glucose sensors have been fabricated by coating the surfaces of electrodes by PBA-modified LbL films, while colorimetric and fluorescence sensors can be prepared by modifying LbL films with boronic acid-modified dyes. In addition, PBA-modified LbL films and microcapsules have successfully been used in the construction of drug delivery systems (DDS). Among them, much effort has been devoted to the glucose-triggered insulin delivery systems, which are constructed by encapsulating insulin in PBA-modified LbL films and microcapsules. Insulin is released from the PBA-modified LbL assemblies upon the addition of glucose resulting from changes in the permeability of the films or decomposition of the film entity. Research into insulin DDS is currently focused on the development of high-performance devices that release insulin in response to diabetic levels of glucose (>10 mM) but remain stable at normal levels (~5 mM) under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Kentaro Yoshida
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Anzai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Zayas-Gonzalez YM, Ortiz BJ, Lynn DM. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Amine-Reactive Multilayers Using an Azlactone-Functionalized Polymer and Small-Molecule Diamine Linkers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1499-1508. [PMID: 28332831 PMCID: PMC5462121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the reactive layer-by-layer assembly of amine-reactive polymer multilayers using an azlactone-functionalized polymer and small-molecule diamine linkers. This approach yields cross-linked polymer/linker-type films that can be further functionalized, after fabrication, by treatment with functional primary amines, and provides opportunities to incorporate other useful functionality that can be difficult to introduce using other polyamine building blocks. Films fabricated using poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA) and three model nondegradable aliphatic diamine linkers yielded reactive thin films that were stable upon incubation in physiologically relevant media. By contrast, films fabricated using PVDMA and varying amounts of the model disulfide-containing diamine linker cystamine were stable in normal physiological media, but were unstable and eroded rapidly upon exposure to chemical reducing agents. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to fabricate functionalized polymer microcapsules that degrade in reducing environments, and that rates of erosion, extents of capsule swelling, and capsule degradation can be tuned by control over the relative concentration of cystamine linker used during fabrication. The polymer/linker approach used here expands the range of properties and functions that can be designed into reactive PVDMA-based coatings, including functionality that can degrade, erode, and undergo triggered destruction in aqueous environments. We therefore anticipate that these approaches will be useful for the functionalization, patterning, and customization of coatings, membranes, capsules, and interfaces of potential utility in biotechnical or biomedical contexts and other areas where degradation and transience are desired. The proof of concept strategies reported here are likely to be general, and should prove useful for the design of amine-reactive coatings containing other functional structures by judicious control of the structures of the linkers used during assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashira M Zayas-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Benjamín J Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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