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Shan L, Wang F, Zhai D, Meng X, Liu J, Lv X. Matrix metalloproteinases induce extracellular matrix degradation through various pathways to alleviate hepatic fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114472. [PMID: 37002573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the common consequence of various chronic liver injuries and is mainly characterized by the imbalance between the production and degradation of extracellular matrix, which leads to the accumulation of interstitial collagen and other matrix components. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors, that is, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), play a crucial role in collagen synthesis and lysis. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies of our laboratory found repressing extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation by restoring the balance between MMPs and TIMPs can alleviate liver fibrosis. We conducted a review of articles published in PubMed and Science Direct in the last decade until February 1, 2023, which were searched for using these words "MMPs/TIMPs" and "Hepatic Fibrosis." Through a literature review, this article reviews the experimental studies of liver fibrosis based on MMPs/TIMPs, summarizes the components that may exert an anti-liver fibrosis effect by affecting the expression or activity of MMPs/TIMPs, and attempts to clarify the mechanism of MMPs/TIMPs in regulating collagen homeostasis, so as to provide support for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs. We found the MMP-TIMP-ECM interaction can result in better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of hepatic fibrosis from a different angle, and targeting this interaction may be a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, we summarized and analyzed the drugs that have been found to reduce liver fibrosis by changing the ratio of MMPs/TIMPs, including medicine natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Dandan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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2
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Elsawy MA, Wychowaniec JK, Castillo Díaz LA, Smith AM, Miller AF, Saiani A. Controlling Doxorubicin Release from a Peptide Hydrogel through Fine-Tuning of Drug-Peptide Fiber Interactions. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2624-2634. [PMID: 35543610 PMCID: PMC9198986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
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Hydrogels are versatile
materials that have emerged in the last
few decades as promising candidates for a range of applications in
the biomedical field, from tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
to controlled drug delivery. In the drug delivery field, in particular,
they have been the subject of significant interest for the spatially
and temporally controlled delivery of anticancer drugs and therapeutics.
Self-assembling peptide-based hydrogels, in particular, have recently
come to the fore as potential candidate vehicles for the delivery
of a range of drugs. In order to explore how drug–peptide interactions
influence doxorubicin (Dox) release, five β-sheet-forming self-assembling
peptides with different physicochemical properties were used for the
purpose of this study, namely: FEFKFEFK (F8), FKFEFKFK (FK), FEFEFKFE
(FE), FEFKFEFKK (F8K), and KFEFKFEFKK (KF8K) (F: phenylalanine; E:
glutamic acid; K: lysine). First, Dox-loaded hydrogels were characterized
to ensure that the incorporation of the drug did not significantly
affect the hydrogel properties. Subsequently, Dox diffusion out of
the hydrogels was investigated using UV absorbance. The amount of
drug retained in F8/FE composite hydrogels was found to be directly
proportional to the amount of charge carried by the peptide fibers.
When cation−π interactions were used, the position and
number of end-lysine were found to play a key role in the retention
of Dox. In this case, the amount of Dox retained in F8/KF8K composite
hydrogels was linked to the amount of end-lysine introduced, and an
end-lysine/Dox interaction stoichiometry of 3/1 was obtained. For
pure FE and KF8K hydrogels, the maximum amount of Dox retained was
also found to be related to the overall concentration of the hydrogels
and, therefore, to the overall fiber surface area available for interaction
with the drug. For 14 mM hydrogel, ∼170–200 μM
Dox could be retained after 24 h. This set of peptides also showed
a broad range of susceptibilities to enzymatic degradation opening
the prospect of being able to control also the rate of degradation
of these hydrogels. Finally, the Dox released from the hydrogel was
shown to be active and affect 3T3 mouse fibroblasts viability in vitro.
Our study clearly shows the potential of this peptide design as a
platform for the formulation of injectable or sprayable hydrogels
for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Elsawy
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jacek K Wychowaniec
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Luis A Castillo Díaz
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Aline F Miller
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Alberto Saiani
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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3
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Nambiar M, Schneider JP. Peptide hydrogels for affinity-controlled release of therapeutic cargo: Current and potential strategies. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3377. [PMID: 34747114 PMCID: PMC8678354 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of devices for the precise and controlled delivery of therapeutics has grown rapidly over the last few decades. Drug delivery materials must provide a depot with delivery profiles that satisfy pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic requirements resulting in clinical benefit. Therapeutic efficacy can be limited due to short half-life and poor stability. Thus, to compensate for this, frequent administration and high doses are often required to achieve therapeutic effect, which in turn increases potential side effects and systemic toxicity. This can potentially be mitigated by using materials that can deliver drugs at controlled rates, and material design principles that allow this are continuously evolving. Affinity-based release strategies incorporate a myriad of reversible interactions into a gel network, which have affinities for the therapeutic of interest. Reversible binding to the gel network impacts the release profile of the drug. Such affinity-based interactions can be modulated to control the release profile to meet pharmacokinetic benchmarks. Much work has been done developing affinity-based control in the context of polymer-based materials. However, this strategy has not been widely implemented in peptide-based hydrogels. Herein, we present recent advances in the use of affinity-controlled peptide gel release systems and their associated mechanisms for applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monessha Nambiar
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joel P. Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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4
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Raskatov JA, Schneider JP, Nilsson BL. Defining the Landscape of the Pauling-Corey Rippled Sheet: An Orphaned Motif Finding New Homes. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2488-2501. [PMID: 33901396 PMCID: PMC8154201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
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When peptides are mixed with their mirror images in an equimolar
ratio, two-dimensional periodic structural folds can form, in which
extended peptide strands are arrayed with alternating chirality. The
resultant topography class, termed the rippled β-sheet, was
introduced as a theoretical concept by Pauling and Corey in 1953.
Unlike other fundamental protein structural motifs identified around
that time, including the α-helix and the pleated β-sheet,
it took several decades before conclusive experimental data supporting
the proposed rippled β-sheet motif were gained. Much of the
key experimental evidence was provided over the course of the past
decade through the concurrent efforts of our three laboratories. Studies
that focused on developing new self-assembling hydrogel materials
have shown that certain amphiphilic peptides form fibrils and hydrogel
networks that are more rigid and have a higher thermodynamic stability
when made from racemic peptide mixtures as opposed to pure enantiomers.
Related interrogation of assemblies composed of mixtures of l- and d-amphiphilic peptides confirmed that the resulting
fibrils were composed of alternating l/d peptides
consistent with rippled β-sheets. It was also demonstrated that
mirror-image amyloid beta (Aβ) could act as a molecular chaperone
to promote oligomer-to-fibril conversion of the natural Aβ enantiomer,
which was found to reduce Aβ neurotoxicity against different
neuronal cell models. With a cross-disciplinary approach that combines
experiment and theory, our three laboratories have demonstrated the
unique biophysical, biochemical, and biological properties that arise
upon mixing of peptide enantiomers, in consequence of rippled β-sheet
formation. In this Account, we give an overview of the early history
of the rippled β-sheet and provide a detailed structural description/definition
of this motif relative to the pleated β-sheet. We then summarize
the key findings, obtained on three unique sets of aggregating mirror-image
peptide pairs through independent efforts of our three laboratories,
and use these results to delineate the landscape of the rippled β-sheet
structural motif to inspire future studies. Peptide sequence parameters
that favor rippled β-sheet assembly are described, along with
the accompanying kinetic and thermodynamic properties, as well as
the resulting emergent physical properties of the assemblies. The
Account then concludes with a brief overview of some key unresolved
challenges in this nascent field. There is much potential for future
applications of this unique supramolecular motif in the realm of materials
design and biomedical research. We hope this Account will stimulate
much-needed discussion of this fascinating structural class to eventually
produce a fully quantitative, rational framework for the molecular
engineering of rippled β-sheets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Joel P. Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Bradley L. Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
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5
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Baker-Williams AJ, Hashmi F, Budzyński MA, Woodford MR, Gleicher S, Himanen SV, Makedon AM, Friedman D, Cortes S, Namek S, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Bratslavsky G, Bah A, Mollapour M, Sistonen L, Bourboulia D. Co-chaperones TIMP2 and AHA1 Competitively Regulate Extracellular HSP90:Client MMP2 Activity and Matrix Proteolysis. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1894-1906.e6. [PMID: 31412254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (eHSP90) stabilizes protease client the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), leading to tumor cell invasion. Although co-chaperones are critical modulators of intracellular HSP90:client function, how the eHSP90:MMP2 complex is regulated remains speculative. Here, we report that the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP2) is a stress-inducible extracellular co-chaperone that binds to eHSP90, increases eHSP90 binding to ATP, and inhibits its ATPase activity. In addition to disrupting the eHSP90:MMP2 complex and terminally inactivating MMP2, TIMP2 loads the client to eHSP90, keeping the protease in a transient inhibitory state. Secreted activating co-chaperone AHA1 displaces TIMP2 from the complex, providing a "reactivating" mechanism for MMP2. Gene knockout or blocking antibodies targeting TIMP2 and AHA1 released by HT1080 cancer cells modify their gelatinolytic activity. Our data suggest that TIMP2 and AHA1 co-chaperones function as a molecular switch that determines the inhibition and reactivation of the eHSP90 client protein MMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Baker-Williams
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Fiza Hashmi
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Marek A Budzyński
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Stephanie Gleicher
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Samu V Himanen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alan M Makedon
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Derek Friedman
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; College of Medicine, MD Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Stephanie Cortes
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; College of Medicine, MD Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Sara Namek
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | - Gennady Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Alaji Bah
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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6
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Wychowaniec J, Smith AM, Ligorio C, Mykhaylyk OO, Miller AF, Saiani A. Role of Sheet-Edge Interactions in β-sheet Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2285-2297. [PMID: 32275138 PMCID: PMC7304824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels' hydrated fibrillar nature makes them the material of choice for the design and engineering of 3D scaffolds for cell culture, tissue engineering, and drug-delivery applications. One particular class of hydrogels which has been the focus of significant research is self-assembling peptide hydrogels. In the present work, we were interested in exploring how fiber-fiber edge interactions affect the self-assembly and gelation properties of amphipathic peptides. For this purpose, we investigated two β-sheet-forming peptides, FEFKFEFK (F8) and KFEFKFEFKK (KF8K), the latter one having the fiber edges covered by lysine residues. Our results showed that the addition of the two lysine residues did not affect the ability of the peptides to form β-sheet-rich fibers, provided that the overall charge carried by the two peptides was kept constant. However, it did significantly reduce edge-driven hydrophobic fiber-fiber associative interactions, resulting in reduced tendency for KF8K fibers to associate/aggregate laterally and form large fiber bundles and consequently network cross-links. This effect resulted in the formation of hydrogels with lower moduli but faster dynamics. As a result, KF8K fibers could be aligned only under high shear and at high concentration while F8 hydrogel fibers were found to align readily at low shear and low concentration. In addition, F8 hydrogels were found to fragment at high concentration because of the high aggregation state stabilizing the fiber bundles, resulting in fiber breakage rather than disentanglement and alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek
K. Wychowaniec
- School
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Andrew M. Smith
- School
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Cosimo Ligorio
- School
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Soft
Matter Analytical Laboratory, Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Aline F. Miller
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | - Alberto Saiani
- School
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
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Yamada Y, Patel NL, Kalen JD, Schneider JP. Design of a Peptide-Based Electronegative Hydrogel for the Direct Encapsulation, 3D Culturing, in Vivo Syringe-Based Delivery, and Long-Term Tissue Engraftment of Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34688-34697. [PMID: 31448901 PMCID: PMC8274941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soft materials that facilitate the three-dimensional (3D) encapsulation, proliferation, and facile local delivery of cells to targeted tissues will aid cell-based therapies, especially those that depend on the local engraftment of implanted cells. Herein, we develop a negatively charged fibrillar hydrogel based on the de novo-designed self-assembling peptide AcVES3-RGDV. Cells are easily encapsulated during the triggered self-assembly of the peptide leading to gel formation. Self-assembly is induced by adjusting the ionic strength and/or temperature of the solution, while avoiding large changes in pH. The AcVES3-RGDV gel allows cell-material attachment enabling both two-dimensional and 3D cell culture of adherent cells. Gel-cell constructs display shear-thin/recovery rheological properties enabling their syringe-based delivery. In vivo cellular fluorescence as well as tissue resection experiments show that the gel supports the long-term engraftment of cells delivered subcutaneously into mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yamada
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - N. L. Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Incorporation, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - J. D. Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Incorporation, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - J. P. Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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8
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Cirillo G, Spizzirri UG, Curcio M, Nicoletta FP, Iemma F. Injectable Hydrogels for Cancer Therapy over the Last Decade. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E486. [PMID: 31546921 PMCID: PMC6781516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in injectable hydrogels for cancer treatment has been significantly growing over the last decade, due to the availability of a wide range of starting polymer structures with tailored features and high chemical versatility. Many research groups are working on the development of highly engineered injectable delivery vehicle systems suitable for combined chemo-and radio-therapy, as well as thermal and photo-thermal ablation, with the aim of finding out effective solutions to overcome the current obstacles of conventional therapeutic protocols. Within this work, we have reviewed and discussed the most recent injectable hydrogel systems, focusing on the structure and properties of the starting polymers, which are mainly classified into natural or synthetic sources. Moreover, mapping the research landscape of the fabrication strategies, the main outcome of each system is discussed in light of possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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