1
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Hu Y, Zhang H, Zou Q, Liu W, Li W, Yan L, Dai H. The effect of silicon groups on the physicochemical property and bioactivity of L-phenylalanine derived poly(amide-imide). J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 37081804 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amide-imide) (PAI), serving as a synthetic polymer, has been widely used in industry for excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance and high thermal stability. However, lack of suitable cell niche and biological activity limited the further application of PAI in biomedical engineering. Herein, silicon modified L-phenylalanine derived poly(amide-imide) (PAIS) was synthesized by introducing silica to L-phenylalanine derived PAI to improve physicochemical and biological performances. The influence of silicon amount on physicochemical, immune, and angiogenic performances of PAIS were systemically studied. The results show that PAIS exerts excellent hydrophilic, mechanical, biological activity. PAIS shows no effects on the number of macrophages, but can regulate macrophage polarization and angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. This study advanced our understanding of silicon modification in PAI can modulate cell responses via initiating silicon concentration regulation. The acquired knowledge will provide a new strategy to design and optimize biomedical PAI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lesan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Chowdhury P, Banerjee A, Saha B, Bauri K, De P. Stimuli-Responsive Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE)-Active Polymers for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4207-4229. [PMID: 36054823 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At high concentration or in the aggregated state, most of the traditional luminophores suffer from the general aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, which significantly limits their biomedical applications. On the contrary, a few fluorophores exhibit an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature which is just the opposite of ACQ. The luminophores with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) have exhibited noteworthy advantages to get tunable emission, excellent photostability, and biocompatibility. Incorporating AIEgens into polymer design has yielded diversified polymer systems with fascinating photophysical characteristics. Again, stimuli-responsive polymers are capable of undergoing chemical and/or physical property changes on receiving signals from single or multiple stimuli. The combination of the AIE property and stimuli responses in a single polymer platform provides a feasible and effective strategy for the development of smart polymers with promising biomedical applications. Herein, the advancements in stimuli-responsive polymers with AIE characteristics for biomedical applications are summarized. AIE-active polymers are first categorized into conventional π-π conjugated and nonconventional fluorophore systems and then subdivided based on various stimuli, such as pH, redox, enzyme, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and temperature. In each section, the design strategies of the smart polymers and their biomedical applications, including bioimaging, cancer theranostics, gene delivery, and antimicrobial examples, are introduced. The current challenges and future perspectives of this field are also stated at the end of this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampa Chowdhury
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kamal Bauri
- Department of Chemistry, Raghunathpur College, Raghunathpur, 723133 Purulia, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
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3
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Guan X, Ding Y, Lai S, Yang X, Wei J, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang K, Tong J, Li C. Nonconjugated fluorescent polymer nanoparticles by self-assembly of PIMA-g-β-CD for live-cell long-term tracking. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Bai L, Yang P, Guo L, Liu S, Yan H. Truly Multicolor Emissive Hyperbranched Polysiloxane: Synthesis, Mechanism Study, and Visualization of Controlled Drug Release. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1041-1051. [PMID: 35015518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional fluorescent polymers have attracted increasing attention due to their facile synthesis, excellent biocompatibility, and novel photophysical properties. In this work, a truly multicolor emissive hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi-β-CD) is obtained through adjusting the distribution of electron-rich atoms and grafting β-cyclodextrin; the quantum yields of HBPSi-β-CD after being excited by 360, 420, 450, and 550 nm are 19.36, 31.46, 46.14 and 44.84%, respectively. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the truly multicolor emission is derived from the formed electron delocalization among the hydroxyl, amine, ether, and -Si(O)3 groups due to the strong intermolecular interaction, high density of electron-rich atoms, and low steric hindrance among functional groups. The prepared polymers could serve as a multisensitivity sensor in detecting Fe3+, Cu2+, and Co2+. The HBPSi-β-CD shows low cytotoxicity and excellent cellular imaging capability. The self-assembly of HBPSi-β-CD also possesses high drug loading capacity and pH-controlled drug release, especially, the drug delivery system could be applied in the visualization of controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Liulong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Susu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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5
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Jiang Q, Zhao L, Du Y, Huang W, Xue X, Yang H, Jiang L, Jiang Q, Jiang B. Synthesis of thermoresponsive nonconjugated fluorescent branched poly(ether amide)s via oxa-Michael addition polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01437d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel thermoresponsive nonconjugated fluorescent branched poly(ether amide)s with tunable LCST via t-BuP2-catalyzed oxa-Michael addition polymerization of N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) with triols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 213164
| | - Liang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 213164
| | - Yongzhuang Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 213164
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 213164
| | - Xiaoqiang Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 213164
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 213164
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 213164
| | - Qilin Jiang
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3FJ
| | - Bibiao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China 213164
- Changzhou University Huaide College, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China 214500
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6
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Jiang Q, Du Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Jiang L, Huang W, Yang H, Xue X, Jiang B. pH
and thermo responsive aliphatic tertiary amine chromophore hyperbranched poly(amino ether ester)s from
oxa‐Michael
addition polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Yongzhuang Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - YuanLiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Bibiao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
- Huaide College Changzhou University Jingjiang China
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7
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Bai L, Yan H, Bai T, Guo L, Lu T, Zhao Y, Li C. Energy-Transfer-Induced Multiexcitation and Enhanced Emission of Hyperbranched Polysiloxane. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3724-3735. [PMID: 32692548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi) has attracted increasing attention due to its good biocompatibility. However, its emission mechanism remains an open question. Unfortunately, the excitation spectra of HBPSi are rarely systematically investigated and show a narrow excitation band, which hinders the emission mechanism study. Herein, we synthesized a series of novel HBPSi containing l-glutamic acid (HBPSi-GA). Surprisingly, these polymers have four excitation peaks and two emission peaks, which are caused by the energy transfer from free functional groups to heterogeneous electron delocalizations in different clusters. Meanwhile, the fluorescence and biocompatibility of HBPSi-GA are significantly improved with increasing l-glutamic acid. Furthermore, HBPSi-GA exhibits dual stimuli-responsive fluorescence to temperature and Fe3+ as well as potential application in cell imaging. This research possesses important guidance to develop multiexcitation unconventional fluorescent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Liulong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Chujia Li
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
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8
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Lai S, Wang K, Liu M, Tong J, Guan X. Unorthodox β-Cyclodextrin-Based AIE-Active Probes for Living Cell Imaging in the Absence of Fluorophore Units and Related Mechanism Exploration. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Kailong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Meina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Tong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Ministry of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
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9
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Siddiqui AM, Khalid A, Khan A, Azad CS, Samim M, Khan IA. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Cobalt Cooperative Catalysis for the Chemo‐ and Regioselective C−N Bond Formation between Aldehyde and Amines/Amides. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asher M. Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Anam Khalid
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Chandra S. Azad
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Mohd. Samim
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
| | - Imran A. Khan
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard New Delhi 110062 India
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10
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Wang M, Yan J, Li C, Wang X, Xiong J, Pan D, Wang L, Xu Y, Li X, Yang M. Cationic poly(amide-imide)-conjugated camptothecin prodrug with variable nanomorphology for efficient reductive-responsive drug delivery. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Bauri K, Saha B, Banerjee A, De P. Recent advances in the development and applications of nonconventional luminescent polymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01285h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nonconventional luminescent polymers (NLPs) have emerged as the most sought-after alternative luminescent materials. This review provides a thorough description of the importance and applications of each class of state-of-the-art NLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Bauri
- Department of Chemistry
- Raghunathpur College
- Raghunathpur - 723133
- India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur - 741246
- India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur - 741246
- India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur - 741246
- India
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12
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Mu X, Gan S, Wang Y, Li H, Zhou G. Stimulus-responsive vesicular polymer nano-integrators for drug and gene delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5415-5434. [PMID: 31409996 PMCID: PMC6645615 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s203555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, nano-sized biosystems have increasingly been utilized to deliver various pharmaceutical agents to a specific region, organ or tissue for controllable precision therapy. Whether solid nanohydrogel, nanosphere, nanoparticle, nanosheet, micelles and lipoproteins, or "hollow" nanobubble, liposome, nanocapsule, and nanovesicle, all of them can exhibit outstanding loading and releasing capability as a drug vehicle - in particular polymeric nanovesicle, a microscopic hollow sphere that encloses a water core with a thin polymer membrane. Besides excellent stability, toughness and liposome-like compatibility, polymeric nanovesicles offer considerable scope for tailoring properties by changing their chemical structure, block lengths, stimulus-responsiveness and even conjugation with biomolecules. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in stimulus-responsive polymeric nanovesicles for biomedical applications. Different functionalized polymers are in development to construct more complex multiple responsive nanovesicles in delivery systems, medical imaging, biosensors and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenglong Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
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