1
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Gao F, Yang X, Song W. Bioinspired Supramolecular Hydrogel from Design to Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300753. [PMID: 37599261 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Nature offers a wealth of opportunities to solve scientific and technological issues based on its unique structures and function. The dynamic non-covalent interaction is considered to be the main base of living functions of creatures including humans, animals, and plants. Supramolecular hydrogels formed by non-covalent bonding interactions has become a unique platform for constructing promising materials for medicine, energy, electronic, and biological substitute. In this review, the self-assemble principle of supramolecular hydrogels is summarized. Next, the stimulation of external environment that triggers the assembly or disassembly of supramolecular hydrogels are recapitulated, including temperature, mechanics, light, pH, ions, etc. The main applications of bioinspired supramolecular hydrogels in terms of bionic objects including humans, animals, and plants are also described. Although so many efforts are done for revealing the synergized mechanism of the function and non-covalent interactions on the supramolecular hydrogel, the complexity and variability between stimulus and non-covalent bonding in the supramolecular system still require impeccable theories. As an outlook, the bioinspired supramolecular hydrogel is just beginning to exhibit its great potential in human life, offering significant opportunities in drug delivery and screening, implantable devices and substitutions, tissue engineering, micro-fluidic devices, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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2
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Fan F, Su B, Kolodychak A, Ekwueme E, Alderfer L, Saha S, Webber MJ, Hanjaya-Putra D. Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Phototunable Supramolecular Cross-Linking for Spatially Controlled Lymphatic Tube Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58181-58195. [PMID: 38065571 PMCID: PMC10739586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) influences stem cell differentiation and morphogenesis into complex lymphatic networks. While dynamic hydrogels with stress relaxation properties have been developed, many require detailed chemical processing to tune viscoelasticity, offering a limited opportunity for in situ and spatiotemporal control. Here, a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel is reported with viscoelasticity that is controlled and spatially tunable using UV light to direct the extent of supramolecular and covalent cross-linking interactions. This is achieved using UV-mediated photodimerization of a supramolecular ternary complex of pendant trans-Brooker's Merocyanine (BM) guests and a cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) macrocycle. The UV-mediated conversion of this supramolecular complex to its covalent photodimerized form is catalyzed by CB[8], offering a user-directed route to spatially control hydrogel dynamics in combination with orthogonal photopatterning by UV irradiation through photomasks. This material thus achieves spatial heterogeneity of substrate dynamics, recreating features of native ECM without the need for additional chemical reagents. Moreover, these dynamic hydrogels afford spatial control of substrate mechanics to direct human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to form lymphatic cord-like structures (CLS). Specifically, cells cultured on viscoelastic supramolecular hydrogels have enhanced formation of CLS, arising from increased expression of key lymphatic markers, such as LYVE-1, Podoplanin, and Prox1, compared to static elastic hydrogels prepared from fully covalent cross-linking. Viscoelastic hydrogels promote lymphatic CLS formation through the expression of Nrp2, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 to enhance the VEGF-C stimulation. Overall, viscoelastic supramolecular hydrogels offer a facile route to spatially control lymphatic CLS formation, providing a tool for future studies of basic lymphatic biology and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bo Su
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Alexander Kolodychak
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ephraim Ekwueme
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Laura Alderfer
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sanjoy Saha
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University
of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Donny Hanjaya-Putra
- Bioengineering
Graduate Program, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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3
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Gao R, Ge Q, Cong H, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Preparation and Biomedical Applications of Cucurbit[n]uril-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083566. [PMID: 37110800 PMCID: PMC10142449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cucurbit[n]uril supramolecular hydrogels are driven by weak intermolecular interactions, of which exhibit good stimuli responsiveness and excellent self-healing properties. According to the composition of the gelling factor, supramolecular hydrogels comprise Q[n]-cross-linked small molecules and Q[n]-cross-linked polymers. According to different driving forces, hydrogels are driven by the outer-surface interaction, the host-guest inclusion interaction, and the host-guest exclusion interaction. Host-guest interactions are widely used in the construction of self-healing hydrogels, which can spontaneously recover after being damaged, thereby prolonging their service life. The smart Q[n]s-based supramolecular hydrogel composed is a kind of adjustable and low-toxicity soft material. By designing the structure of the hydrogel or modifying the fluorescent properties, etc., it can be widely used in biomedicine. In this review, we mainly focus on the preparation of Q[n]-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications including cell encapsulation for biocatalysis, biosensors for high sensitivity, 3D printing for potential tissue engineering, drug release for sustained delivery, and interfacial adhesion for self-healing materials. In addition, we also presented the current challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Gao
- Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingmei Ge
- Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hang Cong
- Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yunqian Zhang
- Enterprise Technology Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Precision Medicine R&D Center, Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519000, China
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4
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Xian S, VandenBerg MA, Xiang Y, Yu S, Webber MJ. Glucose-Responsive Injectable Thermogels via Dynamic-Covalent Cross-Linking of Pluronic Micelles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4873-4885. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Xian
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Michael A. VandenBerg
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yuanhui Xiang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sihan Yu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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5
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Braegelman AS, Ollier RC, Su B, Addonizio CJ, Zou L, Cole SL, Webber MJ. Macromolecular Solute Transport in Supramolecular Hydrogels Spanning Dynamic to Quasi-Static States. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:10.1021/acsabm.2c00165. [PMID: 35623099 PMCID: PMC10019485 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels prepared from supramolecular cross-linking motifs are appealing for use as biomaterials and drug delivery technologies. The inclusion of macromolecules (e.g., protein therapeutics) in these materials is relevant to many of their intended uses. However, the impact of dynamic network cross-linking on macromolecule diffusion must be better understood. Here, hydrogel networks with identical topology but disparate cross-link dynamics are explored. These materials are prepared from cross-linking with host-guest complexes of the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) macrocycle and two guests of different affinity. Rheology confirms differences in bulk material dynamics arising from differences in cross-link thermodynamics. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) provides insight into macromolecule diffusion as a function of probe molecular weight and hydrogel network dynamics. Together, both rheology and FRAP enable the estimation of the mean network mesh size, which is then related to the solute hydrodynamic diameters to further understand macromolecule diffusion. Interestingly, the thermodynamics of host-guest cross-linking are correlated with a marked deviation from classical diffusion behavior for higher molecular weight probes, yielding solute aggregation in high-affinity networks. These studies offer insights into fundamental macromolecular transport phenomena as they relate to the association dynamics of supramolecular networks. Translation of these materials from in vitro to in vivo is also assessed by bulk release of an encapsulated macromolecule. Contradictory in vitro to in vivo results with inverse relationships in release between the two hydrogels underscores the caution demanded when translating supramolecular biomaterials into application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Braegelman
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- University of Notre Dame, Bioengineering PhD Program, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Rachel C. Ollier
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Bo Su
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Christopher J. Addonizio
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Lei Zou
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Sara L. Cole
- University of Notre Dame, Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
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6
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Liu D, Yin G, Le X, Chen T. Supramolecular topological hydrogels: from material design to applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular topological hydrogels are constructed by introducing different dynamic topological structures into polymeric networks and thus exhibit a wide variety of stimuli-responsive properties and versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxia Le
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Madl AC, Myung D. Supramolecular Host-Guest Hydrogels for Corneal Regeneration. Gels 2021; 7:163. [PMID: 34698163 PMCID: PMC8544529 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 6.2 million people worldwide suffer from moderate to severe vision loss due to corneal disease. While transplantation with allogenic donor tissue is sight-restoring for many patients with corneal blindness, this treatment modality is limited by long waiting lists and high rejection rates, particularly in patients with severe tissue damage and ocular surface pathologies. Hydrogel biomaterials represent a promising alternative to donor tissue for scalable, nonimmunogenic corneal reconstruction. However, implanted hydrogel materials require invasive surgeries and do not precisely conform to tissue defects, increasing the risk of patient discomfort, infection, and visual distortions. Moreover, most hydrogel crosslinking chemistries for the in situ formation of hydrogels exhibit off-target effects such as cross-reactivity with biological structures and/or result in extractable solutes that can have an impact on wound-healing and inflammation. To address the need for cytocompatible, minimally invasive, injectable tissue substitutes, host-guest interactions have emerged as an important crosslinking strategy. This review provides an overview of host-guest hydrogels as injectable therapeutics and highlights the potential application of host-guest interactions in the design of corneal stromal tissue substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Madl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - David Myung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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8
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Wang Z, Shui M, Wyman IW, Zhang QW, Wang R. Cucurbit[8]uril-based supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:722-729. [PMID: 34124671 PMCID: PMC8152811 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the cucurbit[n]uril family (where n denotes the number of glycoluril units), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) possesses a large cavity volume and is able to accommodate two guests simultaneously. Therefore, CB[8] has been adapted as a dynamic noncovalent crosslinker to form various supramolecular hydrogels. These CB[8]-based hydrogels have been investigated for various biomedical applications due to their good biocompatibility and dynamic properties afforded by host-guest interactions. In this review, we summarize the hydrogels that have been dynamically fabricated via supramolecular crosslinking of polymers by CB[8] reported during the past decade, and discuss their design principles, innovative applications in biomedical science and their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau 999078 China
| | - Mingju Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau 999078 China
| | - Ian W Wyman
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau 999078 China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macau 999078 China
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9
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Webber MJ, Pashuck ET. (Macro)molecular self-assembly for hydrogel drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:275-295. [PMID: 33450330 PMCID: PMC8107146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels prepared via self-assembly offer scalable and tunable platforms for drug delivery applications. Molecular-scale self-assembly leverages an interplay of attractive and repulsive forces; drugs and other active molecules can be incorporated into such materials by partitioning in hydrophobic domains, affinity-mediated binding, or covalent integration. Peptides have been widely used as building blocks for self-assembly due to facile synthesis, ease of modification with bioactive molecules, and precise molecular-scale control over material properties through tunable interactions. Additional opportunities are manifest in stimuli-responsive self-assembly for more precise drug action. Hydrogels can likewise be fabricated from macromolecular self-assembly, with both synthetic polymers and biopolymers used to prepare materials with controlled mechanical properties and tunable drug release. These include clinical approaches for solubilization and delivery of hydrophobic drugs. To further enhance mechanical properties of hydrogels prepared through self-assembly, recent work has integrated self-assembly motifs with polymeric networks. For example, double-network hydrogels capture the beneficial properties of both self-assembled and covalent networks. The expanding ability to fabricate complex and precise materials, coupled with an improved understanding of biology, will lead to new classes of hydrogels specifically tailored for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Webber
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - E Thomas Pashuck
- Lehigh University, Department of Bioengineering, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Hydrogels comprise a class of soft materials which are extremely useful in a number of contexts, for example as matrix-mimetic biomaterials for applications in regenerative medicine and drug delivery. One particular subclass of hydrogels consists of materials prepared through non-covalent physical crosslinking afforded by supramolecular recognition motifs. The dynamic, reversible, and equilibrium-governed features of these molecular-scale motifs often transcend length-scales to endow the resulting hydrogels with these same properties on the bulk scale. In efforts to engineer hydrogels of all types with more precise or application-specific uses, inclusion of stimuli-responsive sol-gel transformations has been broadly explored. In the context of biomedical uses, temperature is an interesting stimulus which has been the focus of numerous hydrogel designs, supramolecular or otherwise. Most supramolecular motifs are inherently temperature-sensitive, with elevated temperatures commonly disfavoring motif formation and/or accelerating its dissociation. In addition, supramolecular motifs have also been incorporated for physical crosslinking in conjunction with polymeric or macromeric building blocks which themselves exhibit temperature-responsive changes to their properties. Through molecular-scale engineering of supramolecular recognition, and selection of a particular motif or polymeric/macromeric backbone, it is thus possible to devise a number of supramolecular hydrogel materials to empower a variety of future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Xian
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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11
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Zou L, Addonizio CJ, Su B, Sis MJ, Braegelman AS, Liu D, Webber MJ. Supramolecular Hydrogels via Light-Responsive Homoternary Cross-Links. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:171-182. [PMID: 32804483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Host-guest physical cross-linking has been used to prepare supramolecular hydrogels for various biomedical applications. More recent efforts to endow these materials with stimuli-responsivity offers an opportunity to precisely tune their function for a target use. In the context of light-responsive materials, azobenzenes are one prevailing motif. Here, an asymmetric azobenzene was explored for its ability to form homoternary complexes with the cucurbit[8]uril macrocycle, exhibiting an affinity (Keq) of 6.21 × 1010 M-2 for sequential binding, though having negative cooperativity. Copolymers were first prepared from different and tunable ratios of NIPAM and DMAEA, and DMAEA groups were then postsynthetically modified with this asymmetric azobenzene. Upon macrocycle addition, these polymers formed supramolecular hydrogels; relaxation dynamics increased with temperature due to temperature-dependent affinity reduction for the ternary complex. Application of UV light disrupted the supramolecular motif through azobenzene photoisomerization, prompting a gel-to-sol transition in the hydrogel. Excitingly, within several minutes at room temperature, thermal relaxation of azobenzene to its trans state afforded rapid hydrogel recovery. By revealing this supramolecular motif and employing facile means for its attachment onto pre-synthesized polymers, the approach described here may further enable stimuli-directed control of supramolecular hydrogels for a number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zou
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Christopher J Addonizio
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bo Su
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matthew J Sis
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Adam S Braegelman
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dongping Liu
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Matthew J Webber
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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12
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Madl AC, Madl CM, Myung D. Injectable Cucurbit[8]uril-Based Supramolecular Gelatin Hydrogels for Cell Encapsulation. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:619-626. [PMID: 32523800 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts to develop hydrogel biomaterials have focused on better recapitulating the dynamic properties of the native extracellular matrix. In hydrogel biomaterials, binding thermodynamics and cross-link kinetics directly affect numerous bulk dynamic properties such as strength, stress relaxation, and material clearance. However, despite the broad range of bulk dynamic properties observed in biological tissues, present strategies to incorporate dynamic linkages in cell-encapsulating hydrogels rely on a relatively small number of dynamic covalent chemical reactions and host-guest interactions. To expand this toolkit, we report the preparation of supramolecular gelatin hydrogels with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-based cross-links that form on demand via thiol-ene reactions between preassembled CB[8]·FGGC peptide ternary complexes and grafted norbornenes. Human fibroblast cells encapsulated within these optically transparent, shear thinning, injectable hydrogels remained highly viable and exhibited a well-spread morphology in culture. These CB[8]-based gelatin hydrogels are anticipated to be useful in applications ranging from bioprinting to cell and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Myung
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94303, United States
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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