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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Hou G, Wu H, Fu L, Bockstaller MR, Qin X, Zhang L, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of Mechanically Robust Very High Molecular Weight Polyisoprene Particle Brushes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:415-422. [PMID: 38526986 PMCID: PMC11025114 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Linear polyisoprene (PI) and SiO2-g-PI particle brushes were synthesized by both conventional and activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The morphology and solution state study on the particle brushes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the successful grafting of PI ligands on the silica surface. The presence of nanoparticle clusters suggests low grafting density (associated with the limited initiation efficiency of ARGET for PI). Nevertheless, particle brushes with very high molecular weights, Mn > 300,000, were prepared, which significantly improved the dispersion of silica nanoparticles and also contributed to excellent mechanical performance. The reinforcing effects of SiO2 nanofillers and very high molecular weight PI ligands were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) as well as computational simulation for the cured linear PI homopolymer/SiO2-g-PI particle brush bulk films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Guanyi Hou
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 33th Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xuan Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Aldakkan BS, Chalmpes N, Qi G, Hammami MA, Kanj MY, Giannelis EP. Synthesis of Raspberry-like Nanoparticles via Surface Grafting of Positively Charged Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Colloidal Stability and Surface Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5837-5849. [PMID: 38457691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
A method to synthesize stable, raspberry-like nanoparticles (NPs), using surface grafting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brushes on a polystyrene (PS) core with varying grafting densities, is reported. A two-step functionalization reaction of PGMA epoxide groups comprising an amination step first using ethylene diamine and then followed by a quaternization using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride generates permanently and positively charged polyelectrolyte brushes, which result in both steric and electrostatic stabilization. The dispersion stability of the brush-bearing NPs is dramatically improved compared to that of the pristine PS core in salt solutions at ambient (25 °C) and elevated temperatures (60 °C). Additionally, the grafted polyelectrolyte chains undergo a reversible swelling in the presence of different ionic strength (IS) salts, which modulate the surface properties, including roughness, stiffness, and adhesion. An atomic force microscope under both dry and wet conditions was used to image conformational changes of the polyelectrolyte chains during the swelling and deswelling transitions as well as to probe the nanomechanical properties by analyzing the corresponding force-sample separation curves. The quaternized polyelectrolyte brushes undergo a conformational transition from a collapsed state to a swelled state in the osmotic brush (OB) regime triggered by the osmotic gradient of mobile ions to the interior of the polymer chain. At IS ∼ 1 M, the brushes contract and the globules reform (salted brush state) as evidenced by an increase in the surface roughness and a reduction in the adhesion of the brushes. Beyond IS ∼ 1 M, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring measurements show that salt uptake continues to take place predominantly on the exterior surface of the brush since salt adsorption is not accompanied by a size increase as measured by dynamic light scattering. The study adds new insights into our understanding of the behavior of NPs bearing salt-responsive polyelectrolyte brushes with adaptive swelling thresholds that can ultimately modulate surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer Saad Aldakkan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Genggeng Qi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mohamed Amen Hammami
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mazen Yousef Kanj
- College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel P Giannelis
- Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Zhao Y, Wu H, Yin R, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR. The Importance of Bulk Viscoelastic Properties in "Self-Healing" of Acrylate-Based Copolymer Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:1-7. [PMID: 38079594 PMCID: PMC10795469 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
"Self-healing" has emerged as a concept to increase the functional stability and durability of polymer materials in applications and thus to benefit the sustainability of polymer-based technologies. Recently, van der Waals (vdW)-driven "self-healing" of sequence-controlled acrylate-based copolymers due to "key-and-lock"- or "ring-and-lock"-type interactions has generated considerable interest as a viable route toward engineering polymers with "self-healing" ability. This contribution systematically evaluates the time, temperature, and composition dependence of the mechanical recovery of acrylate-based copolymer and homopolymer systems subject to cut-and-adhere testing. "Self-healing" in n-butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate (BA/MMA)- or n-butyl acrylate/styrene (BA/Sty)-based copolymers with varying composition and sequence is found to correlate with the bulk viscoelastic properties of materials and to follow a similar trend as other tested acrylate-based homo- and copolymers. This suggests that "self-healing" in this class of materials is more related to the chain dynamics of bulk materials rather than composition- or sequence-dependent specific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Yin R, Zhao Y, Jeong J, Tarnsangpradit J, Liu T, An SY, Zhai Y, Hu X, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Composition-Orientation Induced Mechanical Synergy in Nanoparticle Brushes with Grafted Gradient Copolymers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:9626-9635. [PMID: 38105929 PMCID: PMC10720466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Gradient poly(methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate) copolymers, P(MMA/BA), with various compositional ratios, were grafted from surface-modified silica nanoparticles (SiO2-g-PMMA-grad-PBA) via complete conversion surface-initiated activator regenerated by electron transfer (SI-ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Miniemulsion as the reaction medium effectively confined the interparticle brush coupling within micellar compartments, preventing macroscopic gelation and enabling complete conversion. Isolation of dispersed and gelled fractions revealed dispersed particle brushes to feature a higher Young's modulus, toughness, and ultimate strain compared with those of the "gel" counterparts. Upon purification, brush nanoparticles from the dispersed phase formed uniform microstructures. Uniaxial tension testing revealed a "mechanical synergy" for copolymers with MMA/BA = 3:2 molar ratio to concurrently exhibit higher toughness and stiffness. When compared with linear analogues of similar composition, the brush nanoparticles with gradient copolymers had better mechanical properties, attributed to the synergistic effects of the combination of composition and propagation orientation, highlighting the significance of architectural design for tethered brush layers of such hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jirameth Tarnsangpradit
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - So Young An
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000
Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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