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Trischler R, Poehlein A, Daniel R, Müller V. Ethanologenesis from glycerol by the gut acetogen Blautia schinkii. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3577-3591. [PMID: 37807918 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The human gut is an anoxic environment that harbours a multitude of microorganisms that not only contribute to food digestion. The microbiome is also involved in malfunctions such as diseases, inflammation processes or development of obesity, but it is also involved in processes that increase the human well-being. Both, the good and the bad, are mediated by fermentation end products of bacterial metabolism, among others. However, despite a steadily growing knowledge of 'who lives out there', little in known of 'what do they do out there'. The genus Blautia is commonly found in the gut and associated with human well-being, but the exploration of their metabolic potential has just started. We demonstrate that B. schinkii grows on glycerol by producing acetate and ethanol. Transcriptome studies and biochemical analyses revealed a glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone kinase that funnel the substrate into glycolysis. Consequently, cells also grew on dihydroxyacetone. Cells could be adapted to grow at high (up to 1.5 M) glycerol concentrations but then only ethanol was formed. Ethanol production from glycerol is not only of relevance for the human host but also for potential bioindustrial production of bioethanol from waste glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Trischler
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Poehlein
- Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R Daniel
- Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Müller
- Molecular Microbiology & Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Xu D, Zhou J, Soon WL, Kutzli I, Molière A, Diedrich S, Radiom M, Handschin S, Li B, Li L, Sturla SJ, Ewald CY, Mezzenga R. Food amyloid fibrils are safe nutrition ingredients based on in-vitro and in-vivo assessment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6806. [PMID: 37884488 PMCID: PMC10603083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Food protein amyloid fibrils have superior technological, nutritional, sensorial, and physical properties compared to native monomers, but there is as yet insufficient understanding of their digestive fate and safety for wide consumption. By combining SDS-PAGE, ELISA, fluorescence, AFM, MALDI-MS, CD, microfluidics, and SAXS techniques for the characterization of β-lactoglobulin and lysozyme amyloid fibrils subjected to in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion, here we show that either no noticeable conformational differences exist between amyloid aggregates and their monomer counterparts after the gastrointestinal digestion process (as in β-lactoglobulin), or that amyloid fibrils are digested significantly better than monomers (as in lysozyme). Moreover, in-vitro exposure of human cell lines and in-vivo studies with C. elegans and mouse models, indicate that the digested fibrils present no observable cytotoxicity, physiological abnormalities in health-span, nor accumulation of fibril-induced plaques in brain nor other organs. These extensive in-vitro and in-vivo studies together suggest that the digested food amyloids are at least equally as safe as those obtained from the digestion of corresponding native monomers, pointing to food amyloid fibrils as potential ingredients for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Wei Long Soon
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ines Kutzli
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Molière
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Diedrich
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Milad Radiom
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Food Immunology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Handschin
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shana J Sturla
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y Ewald
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), Department of Health Sciences and Technology (HEST), ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
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Chen HJC. Mass Spectrometry Analysis of DNA and Protein Adducts as Biomarkers in Human Exposure to Cigarette Smoking: Acrolein as an Example. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:132-140. [PMID: 36626705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein is a major component in cigarette smoke and a product of endogenous lipid peroxidation. It is difficult to distinguish human exposure to acrolein from exogenous sources versus endogenous causes, as components in cigarette smoke can stimulate lipid peroxidation in vivo. Therefore, analysis of acrolein-induced DNA and protein adducts by the highly accurate, sensitive, and specific mass spectrometry-based methods is vital to estimate the degree of damage by this IARC Group 2A carcinogen. This Perspective reviews the analyses of acrolein-induced DNA and protein adducts in humans by mass spectrometry focusing on samples accessible for biomonitoring, including DNA from leukocytes and oral cells and abundant proteins from blood, i.e., hemoglobin and serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nano Bio-Detection (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan
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Sun MC, Hu ZY, Li DD, Chen YX, Xi JH, Zhao CH. Application of the Reuterin System as Food Preservative or Health-Promoting Agent: A Critical Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244000. [PMID: 36553742 PMCID: PMC9778575 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reuterin system is a complex multi-component antimicrobial system produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri by metabolizing glycerol. The system mainly includes 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA, reuterin), 3-HPA dimer, 3-HPA hydrate, acrolein and 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and has great potential to be applied in the food and medical industries due to its functional versatility. It has been reported that the reuterin system possesses regulation of intestinal flora and anti-infection, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Typically, the reuterin system exerts strong broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of the reuterin system remains unclear, and its toxicity is still controversial. This paper presents an updated review on the biosynthesis, composition, biological production, antimicrobial mechanisms, stability, toxicity and potential applications of the reuterin system. Challenges and opportunities of the use of the reuterin system as a food preservative or health-promoting agent are also discussed. The present work will allow researchers to accelerate their studies toward solving critical challenges obstructing industrial applications of the reuterin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Cheng Sun
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zi-Yi Hu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Dian-Dian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jing-Hui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.-H.X.); (C.-H.Z.)
| | - Chang-Hui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Correspondence: (J.-H.X.); (C.-H.Z.)
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Sturla SJ, Shuck S, Knutson CG, Kalgutkar AS, Wang Y. Dedication of 35-year Chemical Research in Toxicology Anniversary to Founding Editor Larry Marnett. Chem Res Toxicol 2022. [PMID: 36245255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shana J Sturla
- Professor of Toxicology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Shuck
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Charles G Knutson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Pharmacokinetics Sciences 220 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical Medicine Design 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Professor of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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