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Gaither KA, Garcia WL, Tyrrell KJ, Wright AT, Smith JN. Activity-Based Protein Profiling to Probe Relationships between Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Early-Age Metabolism of Two Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Phenanthrene and Retene. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:711-722. [PMID: 38602333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of literature has linked early-life exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with adverse neurodevelopmental effects. Once in the body, metabolism serves as a powerful mediator of PAH toxicity by bioactivating and detoxifying PAH metabolites. Since enzyme expression and activity vary considerably throughout human development, we evaluated infant metabolism of PAHs as a potential contributing factor to PAH susceptibility. We measured and compared rates of phenanthrene and retene (two primary PAH constituents of woodsmoke) metabolism in human hepatic microsomes from individuals ≤21 months of age to a pooled sample (n = 200) consisting primarily of adults. We used activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to characterize cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the same hepatic microsome samples. Once incubated in microsomes, phenanthrene demonstrated rapid depletion. Best-fit models for phenanthrene metabolism demonstrated either 1 or 2 phases, depending on the sample, indicating that multiple enzymes could metabolize phenanthrene. We observed no statistically significant differences in phenanthrene metabolism as a function of age, although samples from the youngest individuals had the slowest phenanthrene metabolism rates. We observed slower rates of retene metabolism compared with phenanthrene also in multiple phases. Rates of retene metabolism increased in an age-dependent manner until adult (pooled) metabolism rates were achieved at ∼12 months. ABPP identified 28 unique CYPs among all samples, and we observed lower amounts of active CYPs in individuals ≤21 months of age compared to the pooled sample. Phenanthrene metabolism correlated to CYPs 1A1, 1A2, 2C8, 4A22, 3A4, and 3A43 and retene metabolism correlated to CYPs 1A1, 1A2, and 2C8 measured by ABPP and vendor-supplied substrate marker activities. These results will aid efforts to determine human health risk and susceptibility to PAHs exposure during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari A Gaither
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Whitney L Garcia
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Kimberly J Tyrrell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron T Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jordan N Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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2
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Kim M, Jee SC, Sung JS. Hepatoprotective Effects of Flavonoids against Benzo[a]Pyrene-Induced Oxidative Liver Damage along Its Metabolic Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:180. [PMID: 38397778 PMCID: PMC10886006 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon primarily formed during incomplete organic matter combustion, undergoes a series of hepatic metabolic reactions once absorbed into the body. B[a]P contributes to liver damage, ranging from molecular DNA damage to the onset and progression of various diseases, including cancer. Specifically, B[a]P induces oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species generation within cells. Consequently, more research has focused on exploring the underlying mechanisms of B[a]P-induced oxidative stress and potential strategies to counter its hepatic toxicity. Flavonoids, natural compounds abundant in plants and renowned for their antioxidant properties, possess the ability to neutralize the adverse effects of free radicals effectively. Although extensive research has investigated the antioxidant effects of flavonoids, limited research has delved into their potential in regulating B[a]P metabolism to alleviate oxidative stress. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on B[a]P-induced liver oxidative stress and examines the role of flavonoids in mitigating its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (S.-C.J.)
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3
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Batista JM, Neves MJ, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL. Evaluation of amino acid profile by targeted metabolomics in the eukaryotic model under exposure of benzo[a]pyrene as the exclusive stressor. Talanta 2023; 265:124859. [PMID: 37393711 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are a class of important metabolites in metabolomics methodology that investigates metabolite changes in a cell, tissue, or organism for early diagnosis of diseases. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is considered a priority contaminant by different environmental control agencies because it is a proven carcinogenic compound for humans. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the BaP interference in the metabolism of amino acids. In this work, a new amino acid extraction procedure (derivatized with propyl chloroformate/propanol) using functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes was developed and optimized. A hybrid nanotube was used followed by desorption without heating, and excellent extraction of analytes was obtained. After exposure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the BaP concentration of 25.0 μmol L-1 caused changes in cell viability, indicating metabolic changes. A fast and efficient GC/MS method using a Phenomenex ZB-AAA column was optimized, enabling the determination of 16 AAs in yeasts exposed or not to BaP. A comparison of AA concentrations obtained in the two experimental groups showed that glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), phenylalanine (Phe), proline (Pro), asparagine (Asn), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), tyrosine (Tyr), and leucine (Leu) statistically differentiated, after subsequent application of ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test, with a confidence level of 95%. This amino acid pathway analysis confirmed previous studies that revealed the potential of these AAs as toxicity biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josimar M Batista
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria J Neves
- Nuclear Technology Development Center/National Nuclear Energy Commission (CDTN/CNEN), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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4
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Tabaei S, Haghshenas MR, Ariafar A, Gilany K, Stensballe A, Farjadian S, Ghaderi A. Comparative proteomics analysis in different stages of urothelial bladder cancer for identification of potential biomarkers: highlighted role for antioxidant activity. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:28. [PMID: 37501157 PMCID: PMC10373361 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a high recurrence rate and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has unfavorable outcomes in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients. Complex UBC-related protein biomarkers for outcome prediction may provide a more efficient management approach with an improved clinical outcome. The aim of this study is to recognize tumor-associated proteins, which are differentially expressed in different stages of UBC patients compared non-cancerous tissues. METHODS The proteome of tissue samples of 42 UBC patients (NMIBC n = 25 and MIBC n = 17) was subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system to identify differentially expressed proteins. The intensity of protein spots was quantified and compared with Prodigy SameSpots software. Functional, pathway, and interaction analyses of identified proteins were performed using geneontology (GO), PANTHER, Reactome, Gene MANIA, and STRING databases. RESULTS Twelve proteins identified by LC-MS showed differential expression (over 1.5-fold, p < 0.05) by LC-MS, including 9 up-regulated in NMIBC and 3 up-regulated in MIBC patients. Proteins involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and cellular responses to oxidative stress showed the most significant changes in UBC patients. Additionally, the most potential functions related to these detected proteins were associated with peroxidase, oxidoreductase, and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION We identified several alterations in protein expression involved in canonical pathways which were correlated with the clinical outcomes suggested might be useful as promising biomarkers for early detection, monitoring, and prognosis of UBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tabaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Ariafar
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Gistrup, 9260, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University hospital, Gistrup, 9260, Denmark
| | - Shirin Farjadian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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Shen Q, Liu R, Chen J, Li G, Ma S, Yu Y, An T. Co-exposure health risk of benzo[a]pyrene with aromatic VOCs: Monoaromatic hydrocarbons inhibit the glucuronidation of benzo[a]pyrene. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115158. [PMID: 36580988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Occupational workers and residents near petrochemical industry facilities are exposed to multiple contaminants on a daily basis. However, little is known about the co-exposure effects of different pollutants based on biotransformation. The study examined benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon related to the petrochemical industry, to investigate changes in toxicity and co-exposure mechanism associated with different monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs). A central composite design method was used to simulate site co-exposure scenarios to reveal biotransformation of BaP when co-exposed with benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, or nitrobenzene in microsome systems. BaP metabolism depended on MAH concentration, and association of MAH with microsome concentration/incubation time. Particularly, MAH co-exposure negatively affected BaP glucuronidation, an important phase Ⅱ detoxification process. BaP metabolite intensities decreased to 43%-80% for OH-BaP-G, and 32%-71% for diOH-BaP-G in co-exposure system with MAHs, compared with control group. Furthermore, glucuronidation was affected by competitive and time-dependent inhibition. Co-exposure significantly decreased gene expression of UGT 1A10 and BCRP/ABCG2 in HepG2 cells, which are involved in BaP detoxification through metabolism and transmembrane transportation. Therefore, human co-exposure to multiple contaminants may deteriorate toxic effects of these chemicals by disturbing metabolic pathways. This study provides a reference for assessing toxic effects and co-exposure risks of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyong Shen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Abstract
Environmental agents of exposure can damage proteins, affecting protein function and cellular protein homeostasis. Specific residues are inherently chemically susceptible to damage from individual types of exposure. Amino acid content is not completely predictive of protein susceptibility, as secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins strongly influence the reactivity of the proteome to individual exposures. Because we cannot readily predict which proteins will be affected by which chemical exposures, mass spectrometry-based proteomic strategies are necessary to determine the protein targets of environmental toxins and toxicants. This review describes the mechanisms by which environmental exposure to toxins and toxicants can damage proteins and affect their function, and emerging omic methodologies that can be used to identify the protein targets of a given agent. These methods include target identification strategies that have recently revolutionized the drug discovery field, such as activity-based protein profiling, protein footprinting, and protein stability profiling technologies. In particular, we highlight the necessity of multiple, complementary approaches to fully interrogate how protein integrity is challenged by individual exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Genereux
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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7
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Xiang D, Zhu L, Yang S, Hou X. Scrutinizing the interaction between metribuzin with glutathione reductase 2 from Arabidopsis thaliana: insight into the molecular toxicity in agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11936-11945. [PMID: 36100787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the triazine herbicides with widespread usage in agriculture, metribuzin exerted nonnegligible hazardous effects on plants via excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species and destruction of antioxidant enzymes, but the underlying harmful mechanism of metribuzin-induced oxidative damage to plants has never been exploited. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione reductase 2 (AtGR2) was employed as the biomarker to evaluate the adverse impacts of metribuzin on plants. The fluorescence intensity of AtGR2 was decreased based on the static quenching mechanism with the prediction of a single binding site toward metribuzin, and the complex formation was presumed to be mainly impelled by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces from the negative ΔH and ΔS. In addition, the loosened and unfolded skeleton of AtGR2 along with the increased hydrophilicity around the tryptophan residues were investigated. Besides, the glutathione reductase activity of AtGR2 was also destroyed due to structural and conformational changes. At last, the severe inhibiting growth of Arabidopsis seedling roots was discovered under metribuzin exposure. Hence, the evaluation of the molecular interaction mechanism of AtGR2 with metribuzin will establish valuable assessments of the toxic effects of metribuzin on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xiang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Song Yang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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8
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Garcia WL, Miller CJ, Lomas GX, Gaither KA, Tyrrell KJ, Smith JN, Brandvold KR, Wright AT. Profiling How the Gut Microbiome Modulates Host Xenobiotic Metabolism in Response to Benzo[ a]pyrene and 1-Nitropyrene Exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:585-596. [PMID: 35347982 PMCID: PMC9878584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a key contributor to xenobiotic metabolism. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an abundant class of environmental contaminants that have varying levels of carcinogenicity depending on their individual structures. Little is known about how the gut microbiome affects the rates of PAH metabolism. This study sought to determine the role that the gut microbiome has in determining the various aspects of metabolism in the liver, before and after exposure to two structurally different PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene and 1-nitropyrene. Following exposures, the metabolic rates of PAH metabolism were measured, and activity-based protein profiling was performed. We observed differences in PAH metabolism rates between germ-free and conventional mice under both unexposed and exposed conditions. Our activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) analysis showed that, under unexposed conditions, there were only minor differences in total P450 activity in germ-free mice relative to conventional mice. However, we observed distinct activity profiles in response to corn oil vehicle and PAH treatment, primarily in the case of 1-NP treatment. This study revealed that the repertoire of active P450s in the liver is impacted by the presence of the gut microbiome, which modifies PAH metabolism in a substrate-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L. Garcia
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),Biological Systems Engineering Department, CAHNRS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 (USA)
| | - Carson J. Miller
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Gerard X. Lomas
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Kari A. Gaither
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Kimberly J. Tyrrell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Jordan N. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 (USA)
| | - Kristoffer R. Brandvold
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202 (USA),Corresponding Authors: Kristoffer R. Brandvold - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA); , Aaron T. Wright - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA);
| | - Aaron T. Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA),The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163 (USA),Corresponding Authors: Kristoffer R. Brandvold - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA); , Aaron T. Wright - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 (USA);
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9
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Stoddard EG, Nag S, Martin J, Tyrrell KJ, Gibbins T, Anderson KA, Shukla AK, Corley R, Wright AT, Smith JN. Exposure to an Environmental Mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Induces Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2145-2156. [PMID: 34472326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play an important role in bioactivating or detoxifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), common environmental contaminants. While it is widely accepted that exposure to PAHs induces CYPs, effectively increasing rates of xenobiotic metabolism, dose- and time-response patterns of CYP induction are not well-known. In order to better understand dose- and time-response relationships of individual CYPs following induction, we exposed B6129SF1/J mice to single or repeated doses (2-180 μmol/kg/d) of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or Supermix-10, a mixture of the top 10 most abundant PAHs found at the Portland Harbor Superfund Site. In hepatic microsomes from exposed mice, we measured amounts of active CYPs using activity-based protein profiling and total CYP expression using global proteomics. We observed rapid Cyp1a1 induction after 6 h at the lowest PAH exposures and broad induction of many CYPs after 3 daily PAH doses at 72 h following the first dose. Using samples displaying Cyp1a1 induction, we observed significantly higher metabolic affinity for BaP metabolism (Km reduced 3-fold), 3-fold higher intrinsic clearance, but no changes to the Vmax. Mice dosed with the highest PAH exposures exhibited 1.7-5-fold higher intrinsic clearance rates for BaP compared to controls and higher Vmax values indicating greater amounts of enzymes capable of metabolizing BaP. This study demonstrates exposure to PAHs found at superfund sites induces enzymes in dose- and time-dependent patterns in mice. Accounting for specific changes in enzyme profiles, relative rates of PAH bioactivation and detoxification, and resulting risk will help translate internal dosimetry of animal models to humans and improve risk assessments of PAHs at superfund sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan G Stoddard
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Subhasree Nag
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jude Martin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kimberly J Tyrrell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Teresa Gibbins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Anil K Shukla
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard Corley
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron T Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Jordan N Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Ghosh S, Singharoy D, Konar S, Naskar JP, Bhattacharya SC. Solvatochromic behavior of a pyrene-pyrimidine-based Schiff base and detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous media. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1897980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swadesh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipti Singharoy
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Saugata Konar
- Department of Chemistry, The Bhawanipur Education Society College, Kolkata, India
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11
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Parthasarathy A, Mantravadi PK, Kalesh K. Detectives and helpers: Natural products as resources for chemical probes and compound libraries. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107688. [PMID: 32980442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
About 70% of the drugs in use are derived from natural products, either used directly or in chemically modified form. Among all possible small molecules (not greater than 5 kDa), only a few of them are biologically active. Natural product libraries may have a higher rate of finding "hits" than synthetic libraries, even with the use of fewer compounds. This is due to the complementarity between the "chemical space" of small molecules and biological macromolecules such as proteins, DNA and RNA, in addition to the three-dimensional complexity of NPs. Chemical probes are molecules which aid in the elucidation of the biological mechanisms behind the action of drugs or drug-like molecules by binding with macromolecular/cellular interaction partners. Probe development and application have been spurred by advancements in photoaffinity label synthesis, affinity chromatography, activity based protein profiling (ABPP) and instrumental methods such as cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and advanced/hyphenated mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, as well as genome sequencing and bioengineering technologies. In this review, we restrict ourselves to a survey of natural products (including peptides/mini-proteins and excluding antibodies), which have been applied largely in the last 5 years for the target identification of drugs/drug-like molecules used in research on infectious diseases, and the description of their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, 85 Lomb Memorial Dr, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | | | - Karunakaran Kalesh
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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12
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Probing the molecular toxic mechanism of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with glutathione transferase Phi8 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:165-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Abstract
The mercapturic acid pathway is a major route for the biotransformation of xenobiotic and endobiotic electrophilic compounds and their metabolites. Mercapturic acids (N-acetyl-l-cysteine S-conjugates) are formed by the sequential action of the glutathione transferases, γ-glutamyltransferases, dipeptidases, and cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase to yield glutathione S-conjugates, l-cysteinylglycine S-conjugates, l-cysteine S-conjugates, and mercapturic acids; these metabolites constitute a "mercapturomic" profile. Aminoacylases catalyze the hydrolysis of mercapturic acids to form cysteine S-conjugates. Several renal transport systems facilitate the urinary elimination of mercapturic acids; urinary mercapturic acids may serve as biomarkers for exposure to chemicals. Although mercapturic acid formation and elimination is a detoxication reaction, l-cysteine S-conjugates may undergo bioactivation by cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase. Moreover, some l-cysteine S-conjugates, particularly l-cysteinyl-leukotrienes, exert significant pathophysiological effects. Finally, some enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are described as the so-called "moonlighting proteins," catalytic proteins that exert multiple biochemical or biophysical functions apart from catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hanna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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