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He QK, Wang XY, Hu W, Cai J, Chen P, Liu MW, Wu YH. Therapeutic potential of Canna edulis RS3-resistant starch in alleviating neuroinflammation and apoptosis in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e38072. [PMID: 39347419 PMCID: PMC11438014 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Miao medicinal Canna edulis RS3-resistant starch on behavioral performance and substantia nigra neuron apoptosis-related indicators in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Among the experimental groups, except for the control group, we induced PD rat models by subcutaneous injection of rotenone in the neck and back. After model induction, a 28-day drug intervention was conducted. Various techniques have been employed, including behavioral analysis, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated UTP nick-ends. labeling (TUNEL) and Nissl staining to investigate the effect of Canna edulis RS3-resistant starch on the substantia nigra and neuronal apoptosis-related markers in the brains of PD model rats. Our study revealed that Canna edulis RS3, a resistant starch, significantly reduced the climbing time of PD model rats, prolonged their hanging time, lowered the expression levels of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, increased the number of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra, and decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, Canna edulis RS3 elevated the protein expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Bcl-2 while reducing those of Bax, TLR4, NLRP3,and p-P65, and mitigated apoptosis and morphological changes in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region. Our results suggest that Canna edulis RS3-resistant starch may offer therapeutic benefits for PD patients with PD by potentially influencing inflammation and apoptosis in the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Kun He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
- Department of Neurology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan, 6527000, China
| | - Xue-Yong Wang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Basic Clinical Teaching and Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
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Pearce LL, Garrett KK, Bae Y, Frawley KL, Totoni SC, Peterson J. A Potential Antidote for Both Azide and Cyanide Poisonings. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:596-604. [PMID: 38182416 PMCID: PMC10801750 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
There do not appear to be any established therapeutics for treating azide poisoning at this time, and presently available antidotes to cyanide poisoning are far from ideal, being particularly impractical for use if multiple victims present. The cobalt (II/III) complex of the Schiff-base ligand trans-[14]-diene (5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene (CoN4[14]) is shown to act as an effective antidote to both azide and cyanide toxicity in mice. Groups of animals challenged with an LD40 dose of NaCN (100 µmol/kg i.p.) exhibited significantly faster recovery from knockdown and fewer (zero) deaths if given CoN4[14] (50 μmol/kg i.p.) 2 minutes after the toxicant. Groups of animals challenged with an essentially lethal dose of NaCN (1.5 x LD50 = 150 µmol/kg i.p.) all survived if given the CoN4[14] (75 μmol/kg i.p.) 5 minutes before the toxicant dose. These data represent improved antidotal capability over the Food and Drug Administration-approved cobalt-based cyanide antidote hydroxocobalamin. Recovery of animals challenged sublethally with NaN3 (415 μmol/kg i.p.) was assessed employing a modified pole-climbing test. Mice given the CoN4[14] antidote (70 μg/kg i.p.) 5 minutes after the toxicant dose recovered twice as fast as the controls given no antidote. The interactions of cyanide and azide with CoN4[14] in vitro (buffered aqueous solutions) have been further investigated by a combination of spectroscopic approaches. The Co(II) form of the complex is able to bind two CN- anions while only binding a single N3 -, providing a reasonable explanation for the difference between their therapeutic abilities. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The Schiff-base complex CoN4[14] is shown to be an effective antidote to cyanide in mice, with improved therapeutic capabilities compared to the Food and Drug Administration-approved cobalt-containing hydroxocobalamin. CoN4[14] is also antidotal in mice toward azide poisoning, for which there is seemingly no approved therapy currently available. The activity toward cyanide involves a "redox-switching" mechanism that could be a common, but largely unrecognized, feature of all cobalt-based cyanide antidotes in use and under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Pearce
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly K Garrett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yookyung Bae
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristin L Frawley
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha Carpenter Totoni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Frawley KL, Carpenter Totoni S, Bae Y, Pearce LL, Peterson J. A Comparison of Potential Azide Antidotes in a Mouse Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:594-603. [PMID: 31922405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Three cobalt-containing macrocyclic compounds previously shown to antagonize cyanide toxicity have been comparatively evaluated for the amelioration of sublethal azide toxicity in juvenile (7-8 weeks) Swiss-Webster mice. The lowest effective doses were determined for hydroxocobalamin, a cobalt porphyrin, and a cobalt-Schiff base macrocycle by giving the antidotes 5 min prior to the toxicant, 27 mg (415 μmol) /kg sodium azide. Both male and female mice were evaluated for their response to the toxicant as well as the antidotes, and no significant differences were noted once weight differences were taken into account. Two of the three compounds significantly decreased the recovery time of azide-intoxicated mice at 10 min after the administration of sodium azide, as determined by a behavioral test (pole climbing). Additionally, azide was determined to cause a several degree drop (∼3 °C) in measured tail temperature, and warming the mice led to a more rapid recovery. The mice were also shown to recover more rapidly when given sodium nitrite, 24 mg (350 μmol)/kg, 5 min after the toxicant; this treatment also suppressed the azide-induced tail temperature decrease. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of mouse blood treated with sodium azide demonstrated the presence of nitrosylhemoglobin at levels of 10-20 μM which persisted for ∼300 min. The presence of the methemoglobin azide adduct was also detected by EPR at a maximum level of ∼300 μM, but these signals disappeared around 200 min after the administration of azide. The treatment of mice with 15N sodium azide proved that the nitrosylhemoglobin was a product of the administered azide by the appearance of a two-line hyperfine (due to the 15N) in the EPR spectrum of mouse blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Frawley
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , 130 DeSoto Street , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
| | - Samantha Carpenter Totoni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , 130 DeSoto Street , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
| | - Yookyung Bae
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , 130 DeSoto Street , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
| | - Linda L Pearce
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , 130 DeSoto Street , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health , The University of Pittsburgh , 130 DeSoto Street , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15219 , United States
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