1
|
Dadmehr P, Bikas R, Lis T. Chemical CO 2 fixation using a cyanido bridged heterometallic Zn(II)-Mn(II) 2D coordination polymer. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:15246-15257. [PMID: 39221996 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A new cyanido bridged Zn(II)-Mn(II) mixed-metal coordination polymer, {[Zn(μ-L)(μ-CN)2Mn0.5]·(CH3OH)}n (1), has been synthesized by the reaction of Zn(CN)2, Mn(II) salts and a hydrazone ligand (HL = (E)-N'-(phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide) in methanol. Compound 1 was characterized using various analytical methods (including elemental analysis, photoluminescence, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses, and TGA), and its structure was determined by X-ray analysis. These analyses confirmed the formation of a mixed metal Zn(II)-Mn(II) coordination polymer containing both cyanide and hydrazone bridging ligands. This mixed metal coordination polymer exhibits interesting emission spectra by having several emissions via excitation at 230, 270, 375 and 385 nm. The catalytic activity of compound 1 in chemical CO2 fixation was investigated in the presence of epoxides, and the effects of various parameters on its catalytic performance were evaluated. The results of catalytic studies show that compound 1 can efficiently catalyze the chemical CO2 fixation reaction under mild conditions. The amount of co-catalyst, temperature of the reaction, nature of the solvent and also the substituent connected to the epoxide ring are some of the important parameters that have considerable effects on the catalytic activity of 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Dadmehr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, 34148-96818, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Rahman Bikas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, 34148-96818, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang S, Du S, Zhu J, Ma S. Closed-loop recyclable polymers: from monomer and polymer design to the polymerization-depolymerization cycle. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39177226 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00663a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The extensive utilization of plastic, as a symbol of modern technological society, has consumed enormous amounts of finite and non-renewable fossil resources and produced huge amounts of plastic wastes in the land or ocean, and thus recycling and reuse of the plastic wastes have great ecological and economic benefits. Closed-loop recyclable polymers with inherent recyclability can be readily depolymerized into monomers with high selectivity and purity and repolymerized into polymers with the same performance. They are deemed to be the next generation of recyclable polymers and have captured great and increasing attention from academia and industry. Herein, we provide an overview of readily closed-loop recyclable polymers based on monomer and polymer design and no-other-reactant-involved reversible ring-opening and addition polymerization reactions. The state-of-the-art of circular polymers is separately summarized and discussed based on different monomers, including lactones, thiolactones, cyclic carbonates, hindered olefins, cycloolefins, thermally labile olefin comonomers, cyclic disulfides, cyclic (dithio) acetals, lactams, Diels-Alder addition monomers, Michael addition monomers, anhydride-secondary amide monomers, and cyclic anhydride-aldehyde monomers, and polymers with activatable end groups. The polymerization and depolymerization mechanisms are clearly disclosed, and the evolution of the monomer structure, the polymerization and depolymerization conditions, the corresponding polymerization yield, molecular weight, performance of the polymers, monomer recovery, and depolymerization equipment are also systematically summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schoonover KG, Hsieh CM, Sengoden M, Ahmed N, Sivaperuman Kalairaj M, Ware TH, Darensbourg DJ, Pentzer EB, Wei P. Bridging polymer architecture, printability, and properties by digital light processing of block copolycarbonates. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04593a. [PMID: 39144463 PMCID: PMC11318375 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CO2-based aliphatic polycarbonates (aPCs), produced through the alternating copolymerization of epoxides with CO2, present an appealing option for sustainable polymeric materials owing to their renewable feedstock and degradable characteristics. An ongoing challenge in working with aPCs is modifying their mechanical properties to meet specific demands. Herein, we report that monomer ratio and polymer architecture of aPCs impact not only printability by digital light processing (DLP) additive manufacturing, but also dictate the thermomechanical and degradation properties of the printed objects. We found that block copolymers exhibit tailorable thermomechanical properties ranging from soft elastomeric to strong and brittle as the proportion of hard blocks increases, whereas the homopolymer blend failed to print objects and statistical copolymers delaminated or overcured, displaying the weakest mechanical properties. In addition, the hydrolytic degradation of the prints was demonstrated under various conditions, revealing that BCP prints containing a higher proportion of hard blocks had slower degradation and that statistical copolymer prints degraded more slowly than their BCP counterparts. This study underscores that polymer composition and architecture both play key roles in resin printability and bulk properties, offering significant prospects for advancing sustainable materials in additive manufacturing through polymer design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista G Schoonover
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Chia-Min Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Mani Sengoden
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Naushad Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | | | - Taylor H Ware
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University 3003 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University 3003 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Donald J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Emily B Pentzer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University 3003 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Peiran Wei
- Soft Matter Facility, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin S, Fu Y, Jie K, Dai H, Luo YJ, Ye L, Zhou C, Xu W. High-Entropy Lanthanide-Organic Framework as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Cycloaddition of CO 2 with Epoxides and Knoevenagel Condensation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400756. [PMID: 38727558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Multimetallic synergistic effects have the potential to improve CO2 cycloesterification and Knoevenagel reaction processes, outperforming monometallic MOFs. The results demonstrate superior performance in these processes. To investigate this, we created and characterized a selection of single-component Ln(III)-MOFs (Ln=Eu, Tb, Gd, Dy, Ho) and high-entropy lanthanide-organic framework (HE-LnMOF) using solvent-thermal conditions. The experiments revealed that HE-LnMOF exhibited heightened catalytic efficiency in CO2 cycloesterification and Knoevenagel reactions compared to single-component Ln(III) MOFs. Moreover, the HE-LnMOF displayed significant stability, maintaining their structural integrity after five cycles while sustaining elevated conversion and selectivity rates. The feasible mechanisms of catalytic reactions were also discussed. HE-LnMOF possess multiple unsaturated metal centers, acting as Lewis acid sites, with oxygen atoms connecting the metal, and hydroxyl groups on the ligand serving as base sites. This study introduces a novel method for synthesizing HE-LnMOF and presents a fresh application of HE-LnMOF for converting CO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Jin
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Kecheng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023
| | - Huan Dai
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Yun Jie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Chaohui Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martín-Ayerdi A, Rubio-Peña L, Peřinka N, Oyarzabal I, Vilas JL, Costa P, Lanceros-Méndez S. Towards Sustainable Temperature Sensor Production through CO 2-Derived Polycarbonate-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1948. [PMID: 39000803 PMCID: PMC11244344 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The steep increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has created great concern due to its role in the greenhouse effect and global warming. One approach to mitigate CO2 levels involves its application in specific technologies. In this context, CO2 can be used for a more sustainable synthesis of polycarbonates (CO2-PCs). In this research, CO2-PC films and composites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, ranging from 0.2 to 7.0 wt.%) have been prepared to achieve more sustainable multifunctional sensing devices. The inclusion of the carbonaceous fillers allows for the electrical conductivity to be enhanced, reaching the percolation threshold (Pc) at 0.1 wt.% MWCNTs and a maximum electrical conductivity of 0.107 S·m-1 for the composite containing 1.5 wt.% MWCNTs. The composite containing 3.0 wt.% MWCNTs was also studied, showing a stable and linear response under temperature variations from 40 to 100 °C and from 30 to 45 °C, with a sensitivity of 1.3 × 10-4 °C-1. Thus, this investigation demonstrates the possibility of employing CO2-derived PC/MWCNT composites as thermoresistive sensing materials, allowing for the transition towards sustainable polymer-based electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Martín-Ayerdi
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Luis Rubio-Peña
- Engineering School, University of Cadiz, Avda. de la Universidad de Cádiz, 10, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Nikola Peřinka
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Itziar Oyarzabal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José L Vilas
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LABQUIMAC), Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro Costa
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP) and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies (LapMET), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IB-S Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP) and Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies (LapMET), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tufano F, Napolitano C, Mazzeo M, Grisi F, Lamberti M. CO 2-Based Polycarbonates through Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Carbonates Promoted by a NHC-Based Zinc Complex. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4523-4534. [PMID: 38916862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
A backbone-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) zinc complex, in combination with alcohol initiators, has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) to poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) devoid of oxetane linkages. The ROP of TMC proceeded in solution to give PTMC, possessing controlled molecular mass (2500 < Mn < 10000) and low dispersity (Đ ∼ 1.2). Changing the alcohol initiators, PTMCs with different end-groups were obtained, included a telechelic polymer. The results of MALDI-ToF and NMR analysis confirmed the controlled/living nature of the present ROP catalytic system, where side reactions, such as inter- and intramolecular transesterifications, were minimized during the polymerization. Solution studies in different solvents demonstrated the polymerization reaction to proceed via a mechanism first order in monomer and in catalyst. The zinc complex was also able to convert substituted cyclic carbonates, which were purposely synthesized from renewable feedstocks such as CO2 and 1,3-diols. For the asymmetric 2-Me TMC monomer, good regioselectivity was observed (Xreg up to 0.92). The excellent control of the polymerization process was finally brought to light through the preparation of polycarbonate/polyether triblock copolymers by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a macroinitiator and of well-defined di- and triblock polycarbonate/polylactide copolymers by sequential ROP of TMC and L-LA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tufano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Claudia Napolitano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Fabia Grisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli" University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, BA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang W, Dai M, Zhu Y, Li S, Sun Y, Liu X, Li X. Imidazole functionalized photo-crosslinked aliphatic polycarbonate drug-eluting coatings on zinc alloys for osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and bacteriostasis in bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:549-562. [PMID: 38756420 PMCID: PMC11096721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) alloys have demonstrated significant potential in healing critical-sized bone defects. However, the clinical application of Zn alloys implants is still hindered by challenges including excessive release of zinc ions (Zn2+), particularly in the early stage of implantation, and absence of bio-functions related to complex bone repair processes. Herein, a biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonate drug-eluting coating was fabricated on zinc-lithium (Zn-Li) alloys to inhibit Zn2+ release and enhance the osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and bacteriostasis of Zn alloys. Specifically, the photo-curable aliphatic polycarbonates were co-assembled with simvastatin and deposited onto Zn alloys to produce a drug-loaded coating, which was crosslinked by subsequent UV light irradiation. During the 60 days long-term immersion test, the coating showed distinguished stable drug release and Zn2+ release inhibition properties. Benefiting from the regulated release of Zn2+ and simvastatin, the coating facilitated the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, as well as the migration and tube formation of EA.hy926 cells. Astonishingly, the coating also showed remarkable antibacterial properties against both S. aureus and E. coli. The in vivo rabbit critical-size femur bone defects model demonstrated that the drug-eluting coating could efficiently promote new bone formation and the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) and osteocalcin (OCN). The enhancement of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and bacteriostasis is achieved by precisely controlling of the released Zn2+ at an appropriate level, as well as the stable release profile of simvastatin. This tailored aliphatic polycarbonate drug-eluting coating provides significant potential for clinical applications of Zn alloys implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key laboratory of synthetic and biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Miao Dai
- Key laboratory of synthetic and biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Key laboratory of synthetic and biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Key laboratory of synthetic and biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key laboratory of synthetic and biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Key laboratory of synthetic and biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Key laboratory of synthetic and biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Street 1800, Wuxi, 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seewoo BJ, Wong EV, Mulders YR, Goodes LM, Eroglu E, Brunner M, Gozt A, Toshniwal P, Symeonides C, Dunlop SA. Impacts associated with the plastic polymers polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polybutadiene across their life cycle: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32912. [PMID: 39022097 PMCID: PMC11253235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymers are the main building blocks of plastic, with the annual global production volume of fossil carbon-based polymers reaching over 457 million metric tons in 2019 and this figure is anticipated to triple by 2060. There is potential for environmental harm and adverse human health impacts associated with plastic, its constituent polymers and the chemicals therein, at all stages of the plastic life cycle, from extraction of raw materials, production and manufacturing, consumption, through to ultimate disposal and waste management. While there have been considerable research and policy efforts in identifying and mitigating the impacts associated with problematic plastic products such as single-use plastics and hazardous chemicals in plastics, with national and/or international regulations to phase out their use, plastic polymers are often overlooked. In this review, the polymer dimension of the current knowledge on environmental release, human exposure and health impacts of plastic is discussed across the plastic life cycle, including chemicals used in production and additives commonly used to achieve the properties needed for applications for which the polymers are generally used. This review focuses on polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polybutadiene, four common plastic polymers made from the hazardous monomers, bisphenol, styrene, vinyl chloride and 1,3-butadiene, respectively. Potential alternative polymers, chemicals, and products are considered. Our findings emphasise the need for a whole system approach to be undertaken for effective regulation of plastics whereby the impacts of plastics are assessed with respect to their constituent polymers, chemicals, and applications and across their entire life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhedita J. Seewoo
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Enoch V.S. Wong
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yannick R. Mulders
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Louise M. Goodes
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ela Eroglu
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Manuel Brunner
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Gozt
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Priyanka Toshniwal
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Dunlop
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu X, Zhang W, Ding H, Wen Y, Guo K, Duan Z, Liu B. Construction of Polycarbonates with Pendant Multifunctional Groups via a One-Step CO 2/ Diepoxide Copolymerization Approach. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2925-2933. [PMID: 38691827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A "one-step" strategy has been demonstrated for the tunable synthesis of multifunctional aliphatic polycarbonates (APCs) with ethylene oxide (EO), ethylene carbonate (EC), and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) side groups by the copolymerization of 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide with carbon dioxide under an aminotriphenolate iron/PPNBz (PPN = bis(triphenylphosphine)-iminium, Bz = benzoate) binary catalyst. By adjusting the PPNBz-to-iron complex ratio and incorporating auxiliary solvents, the content of functional side groups can be tuned within the ranges of 53-75% for EO, 18-47% for EC, and <1-7% for CHO. The yield and molecular weight distribution of the resulting multifunctional APCs are affected by the viscosity of the polymerization system. The use of tetrahydrofuran as an auxiliary solvent enables the preparation of narrow-distribution polycarbonates at high conversion. This work presents a novel perspective for the preparation of tailorable multifunctional APCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan 750026, China
| | - Huining Ding
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yeqian Wen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Kening Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhongyu Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Binyuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu S, Liao K, Chen J, Li F. Facile synthesis of an acid-responsive cinnamaldehyde-pendant polycarbonate for enhancing the anticancer efficacy of etoposide via glutathione depletion. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15365-15373. [PMID: 38741958 PMCID: PMC11089533 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02468k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant that maintains cellular redox homeostasis and significantly contributes to resistance against various chemotherapeutic agents. To address the challenge of GSH-mediated drug resistance in etoposide (ETS), we developed a facile synthetic method to prepare a biocompatible acid-responsive polycarbonate (PEG-PCA) containing cinnamaldehyde (CA), a potent GSH-depleting agent, as a side chain using nontoxic raw materials. This polymer self-assembled in aqueous solutions to form nanoparticles (ETS@PCA) that encapsulated ETS, enhancing its water solubility and enabling tumor-targeted delivery. In vitro studies demonstrated that ETS@PCA could respond to the acidic tumor microenvironment, releasing CA to rapidly deplete GSH levels. Consequently, ETS@PCA exhibited superior cytotoxicity compared to free ETS. Furthermore, in vivo experiments corroborated the enhanced tumor inhibitory effects of ETS@PCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 PR China
| | - Kuofei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 PR China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu Y, Xia W, Wang W, Wu Z, Chen H. PEG-functionalized aliphatic polycarbonate brushes with self-polishing dynamic antifouling properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 239:113936. [PMID: 38703556 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophilic antifouling polymers provide excellent antifouling effects under usual short-term use conditions, but the long-term accumulation of contaminants causes them to lose their antifouling properties. To overcome this drawback, surface-initiated ring-opening graft polymerization (SI-ROP) was performed on the surface of the material by applying the cyclic carbide monomer 4'-(fluorosulfonyl)benzyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylate (FMC), which contains a sulfonylfluoride group on the side chain, followed by a "sulfur(IV)-fluorine exchange" (SuFEx) post click modification reaction to link the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the polyFMC (PFMC) brush, and a novel antifouling strategy for self-polishing dynamic antifouling surfaces was developed. The experimental results showed that the antifouling surface could effectively prevent the adsorption of proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA, ∼96.4%), fibrinogen (Fg, ∼87.8%) and lysozyme (Lyz ∼69.4%) as well as the adhesion of microorganisms such as the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (∼87.5%) and HeLa cells (∼67.2%). Moreover, the enzymatically self-polished surface still has excellent antifouling properties. Therefore, this modification method has potential applications in the field of biosensors and novel antifouling materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Xia
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhaoqiang Wu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang CC, Chen MT, Huang TL, Chen CT. Tunable zinc benzamidinate complexes: coordination modes and catalytic activity in the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7229-7238. [PMID: 38584516 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Seven asymmetric zinc benzamidinate complexes featuring or lacking side-arm functionalities were synthesized. Using equimolar zinc reagent produced distinct dinuclear motifs [(C6H5-C = NC6H5)ZnEt]2 (R = tBu, 1; (CH2)2OMe, 2; (CH2)2NMe2, 3). Half the zinc reagent yielded dinuclear [(C6H5-C = NC6H5)2Zn]2 (R = tBu, 4) or mononuclear zinc bis(chelate) complexes (R = (CH2)2OMe, 5; (CH2)2NMe2, 6; CH2Py, 7). Molecular structures of 1-4 and 7 were determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Altering benzamidinate substituents modifies both coordination modes and catalytic activities in ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide. Specifically, complex 7 exhibits enhanced catalytic activity at 25 °C using 100 equivalents of L-lactide with a turnover frequency of 1820 h-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chieh Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Tsz Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tzu-Lun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chi-Tien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eskemech A, Chand H, Karmakar A, Krishnan V, Koner RR. Zn-MOF as a Single Catalyst with Dual Lewis Acidic and Basic Reaction Sites for CO 2 Fixation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3757-3768. [PMID: 38354394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Continuous increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are causing imbalances in the environment, which impact biodiversity and human health. The conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates by means of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a heterogeneous catalyst is a prominent strategy for rectifying this imbalance. Herein, we have developed nitrogen-rich Zn (II) based metal-organic framework, [Zn(CPMT)(bipy)]n (CPMT = 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-5-mercapto-1H-tetrazole; bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine), synthesized via a mixed ligand strategy. This Zn-MOF showed high chemical stability in both acidic and basic conditions, and in organic solvents for a long time. On account of the concurrent presence of acid-base active sites and strong chemical stability under abrasive conditions, this Zn-MOF was employed as an effective catalyst for the coupling of CO2 and epoxides, under atmospheric pressure, mild temperature, and neat conditions. This Zn-MOF shows remarkable activity by producing high yields of epichlorohydrin carbonate (98%) and styrene carbonate (82%) at atmospheric CO2 pressure, 70 °C temperature, and 24 h reaction time, with turnover numbers (TON) of 217 and 181, respectively. The Zn-MOF could be reused for up to seven cycles with structural and framework integrity. Overall, this work demonstrates the synthesis of a novel and highly efficient MOF for CO2 conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alehegn Eskemech
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Hushan Chand
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Anirban Karmakar
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Venkata Krishnan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Rik Rani Koner
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bester K, Bukowska A, Kawka A, Pytel M, Bukowski W. Salophen chromium(iii) complexes functionalized with pyridinium salts as catalysts for carbon dioxide cycloaddition to epoxides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2466-2480. [PMID: 38223696 PMCID: PMC10785049 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07750k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The catalytic properties of a series of novel chromium(iii) salophen complexes having different pyridinium chloride units (pyridinium, 2,6-dimethylpyridinium or 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium ones) have been studied in the reaction of carbon dioxide cycloaddition to phenyl glycidyl ether. The examined complexes were found to be capable of catalyzing cycloaddition under relatively mild reaction conditions without any additional nucleophilic co-catalyst. However, their catalytic activity depended strongly on the structure and number of pyridinium salt units in the ligand molecule. The complex with a single unit of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chloride turned out to be the most active among the examined ones. A TOF of up to 1480 h-1 was obtained in the presence of this catalyst under the following conditions: 120 °C, 2 h, 6 bar, 0.05 mol% (74% epoxide conversion, and >99% selectivity). The most active complex has also been examined as a catalyst in the reactions of CO2 with a series of ten other terminal epoxides. High catalytic activity (TOF = 220-5045 h-1) was observed in most cases, except for the reaction of CO2 with allyl glycidyl ether.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Bester
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology Powstańców Warszawy 6 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bukowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology Powstańców Warszawy 6 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawka
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszow University of Technology Powstańców Warszawy 12 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Maciej Pytel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszów University of Technology Powstańców Warszawy 12 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
| | - Wiktor Bukowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology Powstańców Warszawy 6 35-959 Rzeszów Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu L, Li J, Wang Y, Zhao X, He Y, Mao H, Tang W, Liu R, Luo K, Gu Z. Engineered Hierarchical Microdevices Enable Pre-Programmed Controlled Release for Postsurgical and Unresectable Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305529. [PMID: 37549042 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug treatment is required for both resectable and unresectable cancers to strive for any meaningful improvement in patient outcomes. However, the clinical benefit of receiving conventional systemic administrations is often less than satisfactory. Drug delivery systems are preferable substitutes but still fail to meet diverse clinical demands due to the difficulty in programming drug release profiles. Herein, a microfabrication concept, termed "Hierarchical Multiple Polymers Immobilization" (HMPI), is introduced and biodegradable-polymer-based hierarchical microdevices (HMDs) that can pre-program any desired controlled release profiles are engineered. Based on the first-line medication of pancreatic and breast cancer, controlled release of single gemcitabine and the doxorubicin/paclitaxel combination in situ for multiple courses is implemented, respectively. Preclinical models of postsurgical pancreatic, postsurgical breast, and unresectable breast cancer are established, and the designed HMDs are demonstrated as well-tolerable and effective treatments for inhibiting tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. The proposed HMPI strategy allows the creation of tailorable and high-resolution hierarchical microstructures for pre-programming controlled release according to clinical medication schedules, which may provide promising alternative treatments for postsurgical and unresectable tumor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihuang Wu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yiyan He
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hongli Mao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenbo Tang
- Faculty of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Faculty of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials Bioinspired Biomedical Materials & Devices Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Faculty of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wei P, Bhat GA, Darensbourg DJ. Enabling New Approaches: Recent Advances in Processing Aliphatic Polycarbonate-Based Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307507. [PMID: 37534963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic polycarbonates (aPCs) have become increasingly popular as functional materials due to their biocompatibility and capacity for on-demand degradation. Advances in polymerization techniques and the introduction of new functional monomers have expanded the library of aPCs available, offering a diverse range of chemical compositions and structures. To accommodate the emerging requirements of new applications in biomedical and energy-related fields, various manufacturing techniques have been adopted for processing aPC-based materials. However, a summary of these techniques has yet to be conducted. The aim of this paper is to enrich the toolbox available to researchers, enabling them to select the most suitable technique for their materials. In this paper, a concise review of the recent progress in processing techniques, including controlled self-assembly, electrospinning, additive manufacturing, and other techniques, is presented. We also highlight the specific challenges and opportunities for the sustainable growth of this research area and the successful integration of aPCs in industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Wei
- Soft Matter Facility, Texas A&M University, 1313 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Gulzar A Bhat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Donald J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Picken CAR, Buensoz O, Price PD, Fidge C, Points L, Shaver MP. Sustainable formulation polymers for home, beauty and personal care: challenges and opportunities. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12926-12940. [PMID: 38023508 PMCID: PMC10664511 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As society moves towards a net-zero future, the need to adopt more sustainable polymers is well understood, and as well as plastics, less visible formulation polymers should also be included within this shift. As researchers, industries and consumers move towards more sustainable products there is a clear need to define what sustainability means in fast moving consumer goods and how it can be considered at the design stage. In this perspective key challenges in achieving sustainable formulation polymers are highlighted, and opportunities to overcome them are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A R Picken
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Orla Buensoz
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Paul D Price
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Christopher Fidge
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Laurie Points
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lamparelli DH, Villar-Yanez A, Dittrich L, Rintjema J, Bravo F, Bo C, Kleij AW. Bicyclic Guanidine Promoted Mechanistically Divergent Depolymerization and Recycling of a Biobased Polycarbonate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202314659. [PMID: 37934031 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
We here report the organocatalytic and temperature-controlled depolymerization of biobased poly(limonene carbonate) providing access to its trans-configured cyclic carbonate as the major product. The base TBD (1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene) offers a unique opportunity to break down polycarbonates via end-group activation or main chain scission pathways as supported by various controls and computational analysis. These energetically competitive processes represent an unprecedented divergent approach to polycarbonate recycling. The trans limonene carbonate can be converted back to its polycarbonate via ring-opening polymerization using the same organocatalyst in the presence of an alcohol initiator, offering thus a potential circular and practical route for polycarbonate recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Lamparelli
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alba Villar-Yanez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica/, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lorenz Dittrich
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jeroen Rintjema
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fernando Bravo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica/, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Z, Xiao M, Guo F, Yan Y, Tian H, Zhang Q, Ren S, Yang L. Biodegradable polyester-based nano drug delivery system in cancer chemotherapy: a review of recent progress (2021-2023). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1295323. [PMID: 38026861 PMCID: PMC10647934 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1295323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer presents a formidable threat to human health, with the majority of cases currently lacking a complete cure. Frequently, chemotherapy drugs are required to impede its progression. However, these drugs frequently suffer from drawbacks such as poor selectivity, limited water solubility, low bioavailability, and a propensity for causing organ toxicity. Consequently, a concerted effort has been made to seek improved drug delivery systems. Nano-drug delivery systems based on biodegradable polyesters have emerged as a subject of widespread interest in this pursuit. Extensive research has demonstrated their potential for offering high bioavailability, effective encapsulation, controlled release, and minimal toxicity. Notably, poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and polylactic acid (PLA) have gained prominence as the most widely utilized options as carriers of the nano drug delivery system. This paper comprehensively reviews recent research on these materials as nano-carriers for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs, summarizing their latest advancements, acknowledging their limitations, and forecasting future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
| | - Miaomiao Xiao
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangliang Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Tian
- Department of Oncology, The 4th People’s Hospital of Shenyang, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangyi Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abbasoglu T, Ciardi D, Tournilhac F, Irusta L, Sardon H. Exploiting the Use of the Decarboxylative S-Alkylation Reaction to Produce Self-Blowing, Recyclable Polycarbonate Foams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308339. [PMID: 37599264 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric foams are widely used in many industrial applications due to their light weight and superior thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. Currently, increasing research efforts is being directed towards the development of greener foam formulations that circumvent the use of isocyanates/blowing agents that are commonly used in the production of foam materials. Here, a straightforward, one-pot method is presented to prepare self-blown polycarbonate (PC) foams by exploiting the (decarboxylative) S-alkylation reaction for in situ generation of the blowing agent (CO2 ). The concomitant formation of a reactive alcohol intermediate promotes a cascade ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic carbonates to yield a cross-linked polymer network. It is shown that these hydroxyl-functionalized polycarbonate-based foams can be easily recycled into films through thermal compression molding. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that complete hydrolytic degradation of the foams is possible, thus offering the potential for zero-waste materials. This straightforward and versatile process broadens the scope of isocyanate-free, self-foaming materials, opening a new pathway for next-generation environmentally friendly foams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tansu Abbasoglu
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Diego Ciardi
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry,and Materials, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Francois Tournilhac
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry,and Materials, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lourdes Irusta
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liao Y, Pérez-Camargo RA, Sardon H, Martínez de Ilarduya A, Hu W, Liu G, Wang D, Müller AJ. Challenging Isodimorphism Concepts: Formation of Three Crystalline Phases in Poly(hexamethylene- ran-octamethylene carbonate) Copolymers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:8199-8213. [PMID: 37900097 PMCID: PMC10601535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, poly(hexamethylene-ran-octamethylene carbonate) copolycarbonates were synthesized by melt polycondensation in a wide range of compositions. The copolymers displayed some of the characteristic isodimorphic thermal behavior, such as crystallization for all the compositions and a pseudoeutectic behavior of the melting temperature (Tm) versus composition. The pseudoeutectic point was located at 33 mol % poly(octamethylene carbonate) (POC) content (i.e., corresponding to the PH67O33C copolymer). Surprisingly, the crystallinities (Xc) for a wide range of copolymer compositions were higher than those of the parent components, a phenomenon that has not been observed before in isodimorphic random copolymers. The structural characterization, performed by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments, revealed unexpected results depending on composition. On the one hand, the poly(hexamethylene carbonate) (PHC)- and POC-rich copolymers crystallize in PHC- and POC-type crystals, as expected. Moreover, upon cooling and heating, in situ WAXS experiments evidenced that these materials undergo reversible solid-solid transitions [δ-α (PHC) and δ-α-β (POC)] present in the parent components but at lower temperatures. On the other hand, a novel behavior was found for copolymers with 33-73 mol % POC (including the pseudoeutectic point), which are those with higher crystallinities than the parent components. For these copolymers, a new crystalline phase that is different from that of both homopolymers was observed. The in situ WAXS results for these copolymers confirmed that this novel phase is stable upon cooling and heating and does not show any crystallographic feature of the parent components or their solid-solid transitions. FTIR experiments confirmed this behavior, revealing that the new phase adopts a polyethylene-like chain conformation that differs from the trans-dominant ones exhibited by the parent components. This finding challenges the established concepts of isodimorphism and questions whether a combination of crystallization modes (isodimorphism and isomorphism) is possible in the same family of random copolymers just by changing the composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Liao
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry,
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ricardo A. Pérez-Camargo
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry,
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry,
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Antxon Martínez de Ilarduya
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University
of Catalonia ETSEIB-UPC, Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Wenxian Hu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry,
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stickdorn J, Czysch C, Medina-Montano C, Stein L, Xu L, Scherger M, Schild H, Grabbe S, Nuhn L. Peptide-Decorated Degradable Polycarbonate Nanogels for Eliciting Antigen-Specific Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15417. [PMID: 37895096 PMCID: PMC10607756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For successful therapeutic interventions in cancer immunotherapy, strong antigen-specific immune responses are required. To this end, immunostimulating cues must be combined with antigens to simultaneously arrive at antigen-presenting cells and initiate cellular immune responses. Recently, imidazoquinolines have shown their vast potential as small molecular Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists for immunostimulation when delivered by nanocarriers. At the same time, peptide antigens are promising antigen candidates but require combination with immune-stimulating adjuvants to boost their immunogenicity and exploit their full potential. Consequently, we herein present biodegradable polycarbonate nanogels as versatile delivery system for adjuvants within the particles' core as well as for peptide antigens by surface decoration. For that purpose, orthogonally addressable multifunctional polycarbonate block copolymers were synthesized, enabling adjuvant conjugation through reactive ester chemistry and peptide decoration by strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). In preparation for SPAAC, CD4+-specific peptide sequences of the model protein antigen ovalbumin were equipped with DBCO-moieties by site-selective modification at their N-terminal cysteine. With their azide groups exposed on their surface, the adjuvant-loaded nanogels were then efficiently decorated with DBCO-functional CD4+-peptides by SPAAC. In vitro evaluation of the adjuvant-loaded peptide-decorated gels then confirmed their strong immunostimulating properties as well as their high biocompatibility. Despite their covalent conjugation, the CD4+-peptide-decorated nanogels led to maturation of primary antigen-presenting cells and the downstream priming of CD4+-T cells. Subsequently, the peptide-decorated nanogels loaded with TLR7/8 agonist were successfully processed by antigen-presenting cells, enabling potent immune responses for future application in antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina Medina-Montano
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lara Stein
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lujuan Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | | | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ota T, Montagna V, Higuchi Y, Kato T, Tanaka M, Sardon H, Fukushima K. Organocatalyzed ring-opening reactions of γ-carbonyl-substituted ε-caprolactones. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27764-27771. [PMID: 37731833 PMCID: PMC10507672 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01025b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Side-chain-functionalized aliphatic polyesters are promising as functional biodegradable polymers. We have investigated ring-opening reactions of γ-carbonyl-substituted ε-caprolactones (gCCLs) to obtain poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) analogues. Organic catalysts and Sn(Oct)2 often used for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) have been explored to find the conditions for the formation of polymeric products of gCCLs. We confirmed the consumption of gCCLs in all catalyzed reactions. However, chain propagation hardly occurs, as the propagating species are preferentially transformed to α-substituted five-membered lactones when the substituents are linked by ester or not sterically hindered. Intramolecular cyclization to form thermodynamically stable five-membered lactones releases alcohols and amines, serving as nucleophiles for the subsequent ring opening of other gCCLs. Thus, apparent chain reactions are realized for continuous consumption of gCCLs. The reaction preference remains unchanged independent of the catalysts, although the reactions of the amide-linked gCCLs by acidic catalysts are slightly mitigated. Finally, copolymerization of CL and a gCCL catalyzed by diphenyl phosphate has been investigated, which enables the chain propagation reaction to yield the linear oligomers of PCL analogues containing up to 16 mol% of gCCL units. This study contributes to understanding the chemistry of ring-opening reactions of substituted lactones for designing functional degradable polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ota
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Valentina Montagna
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Yuji Higuchi
- Research Institute for Information Technology, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center Avda. Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Kazuki Fukushima
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kalinova R, Grancharov G, Doumanov J, Mladenova K, Petrova S, Dimitrov I. Green Synthesis and the Evaluation of a Functional Amphiphilic Block Copolymer as a Micellar Curcumin Delivery System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10588. [PMID: 37445767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer micelles represent one of the most attractive drug delivery systems due to their design flexibility based on a variety of macromolecular synthetic methods. The environmentally safe chemistry in which the use or generation of hazardous materials is minimized has an increasing impact on polymer-based drug delivery nanosystems. In this work, a solvent-free green synthetic procedure was applied for the preparation of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer consisting of biodegradable hydrophobic poly(acetylene-functional carbonate) and biocompatible hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) blocks. The cyclic functional carbonate monomer 5-methyl-5-propargyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one (MPC) was polymerized in bulk using methoxy PEG-5K as a macroinitiator by applying the metal-free organocatalyzed controlled ring-opening polymerization at a relatively low temperature of 60 °C. The functional amphiphilic block copolymer self-associated in aqueous media into stable micelles with an average diameter of 44 nm. The copolymer micelles were physico-chemically characterized and loaded with the plant-derived anticancer drug curcumin. Preliminary in vitro evaluations indicate that the functional copolymer micelles are non-toxic and promising candidates for further investigation as nanocarriers for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radostina Kalinova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St., bl. 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgy Grancharov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St., bl. 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jordan Doumanov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kirilka Mladenova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Petrova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Dimitrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev St., bl. 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mohammed-Sadhakathullah AHM, Paulo-Mirasol S, Torras J, Armelin E. Advances in Functionalization of Bioresorbable Nanomembranes and Nanoparticles for Their Use in Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10312. [PMID: 37373461 PMCID: PMC10299464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioresorbable nanomembranes (NMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) are powerful polymeric materials playing an important role in biomedicine, as they can effectively reduce infections and inflammatory clinical patient conditions due to their high biocompatibility, ability to physically interact with biomolecules, large surface area, and low toxicity. In this review, the most common bioabsorbable materials such as those belonging to natural polymers and proteins for the manufacture of NMs and NPs are reviewed. In addition to biocompatibility and bioresorption, current methodology on surface functionalization is also revisited and the most recent applications are highlighted. Considering the most recent use in the field of biosensors, tethered lipid bilayers, drug delivery, wound dressing, skin regeneration, targeted chemotherapy and imaging/diagnostics, functionalized NMs and NPs have become one of the main pillars of modern biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahammed H. M. Mohammed-Sadhakathullah
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.H.M.M.-S.); (S.P.-M.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.S, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofia Paulo-Mirasol
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.H.M.M.-S.); (S.P.-M.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.S, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.H.M.M.-S.); (S.P.-M.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.S, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elaine Armelin
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.H.M.M.-S.); (S.P.-M.)
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I.S, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hung Y, Xiang W, Zou Z, Zhang Y, Wang B, Yu C, Zheng Y, Pan P. Isodimorphic crystallization and thermally-induced crystal transitions in poly(octamethylene-ran-decamethylene carbonate): Critical role of comonomer defects. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
27
|
Ramey EE, Whitman EL, Buller CE, Tucker JR, Jolly CS, Oberle KG, Becksvoort AJ, Turlington M, Turlington CR. A Biodegradable, Polymer-Supported Oxygen Atom Transfer Reagent. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092052. [PMID: 37177199 PMCID: PMC10181130 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are desirable to mitigate the environmental impact of plastic waste in the environment. Over the past several decades, the development of organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization (OROP) has made the synthesis of many new types of biodegradable polymers possible. In this research article, the first example of an oxygen atom transfer reagent pendant on a biodegradable polymer backbone is reported. The monomers for the polycarbonate backbone are sourced from the biodegradable 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid molecule, and an iodoaryl group is installed pendant to the cyclic monomer for post-polymerization modification into an iodosylaryl oxygen atom transfer reagent. The key I-O bond is characterized by XPS spectroscopy, and a test reaction to triphenylphosphine demonstrates the ability of the polymer to engage in an oxygen atom transfer reaction with a substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Ramey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49422, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Whitman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | - Cole E Buller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49422, USA
| | - James R Tucker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | - Charles S Jolly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | - Kjersti G Oberle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49422, USA
| | - Austin J Becksvoort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49422, USA
| | - Mark Turlington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen J, Yang J, Wu Q, Shi D, Chen K, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Li H. Intramolecular Synergistic Catalysis of Ternary Active Sites of Imidazole Ionic-liquid Polymers Immobilized on Nanosized CoFe2O4@polystyrene Composites for CO2 Cycloaddition. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
29
|
Su L, Dalby KS, Luehmann H, Elkassih SA, Cho S, He X, Detering L, Lin YN, Kang N, Moore DA, Laforest R, Sun G, Liu Y, Wooley KL. Ultrasmall, elementary and highly translational nanoparticle X-ray contrast media from amphiphilic iodinated statistical copolymers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1660-1670. [PMID: 37139426 PMCID: PMC10149980 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To expand the single-dose duration over which noninvasive clinical and preclinical cancer imaging can be conducted with high sensitivity, and well-defined spatial and temporal resolutions, a facile strategy to prepare ultrasmall nanoparticulate X-ray contrast media (nano-XRCM) as dual-modality imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) has been established. Synthesized from controlled copolymerization of triiodobenzoyl ethyl acrylate and oligo(ethylene oxide) acrylate monomers, the amphiphilic statistical iodocopolymers (ICPs) could directly dissolve in water to afford thermodynamically stable solutions with high aqueous iodine concentrations (>140 mg iodine/mL water) and comparable viscosities to conventional small molecule XRCM. The formation of ultrasmall iodinated nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters of ca. 10 nm in water was confirmed by dynamic and static light scattering techniques. In a breast cancer mouse model, in vivo biodistribution studies revealed that the 64Cu-chelator-functionalized iodinated nano-XRCM exhibited extended blood residency and higher tumor accumulation compared to typical small molecule imaging agents. PET/CT imaging of tumor over 3 days showed good correlation between PET and CT signals, while CT imaging allowed continuous observation of tumor retention even after 10 days post-injection, enabling longitudinal monitoring of tumor retention for imaging or potentially therapeutic effect after a single administration of nano-XRCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Kellie S. Dalby
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sussana A. Elkassih
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Sangho Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Xun He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yen-Nan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Nari Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | | | - Richard Laforest
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Guorong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chanthaset N, Maehara A, Ajiro H. Particles and film preparation of ester-free type poly(trimethylene carbonate) derivatives bearing aromatic groups initiated with hydrophilic initiators. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
31
|
Yang Z, Hu C, Gao Z, Duan R, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Pang X, Chen X. Precise Synthesis of Sequence-Controlled Oxygen-Rich Multiblock Copolymers via Reversible Carboxylation of a Commercial Salen-Mn(III) Catalyst. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ranlong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wei F, Qiu J, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Xie G. A Novel POP-Ni Catalyst Derived from PBTP for Ambient Fixation of CO 2 into Cyclic Carbonates. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2132. [PMID: 36984012 PMCID: PMC10057775 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization of homogeneous catalysts has always been a hot issue in the field of catalysis. In this paper, in an attempt to immobilize the homogeneous [Ni(Me6Tren)X]X (X = I, Br, Cl)-type catalyst with porous organic polymer (POP), the heterogeneous catalyst PBTP-Me6Tren(Ni) (POP-Ni) was designed and constructed by quaternization of the porous bromomethyl benzene polymer (PBTP) with tri[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6Tren) followed by coordination of the Ni(II) Lewis acidic center. Evaluation of the performance of the POP-Ni catalyst found it was able to catalyze the CO2 cycloaddition with epichlorohydrin in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), affording 97.5% yield with 99% selectivity of chloropropylene carbonate under ambient conditions (80 °C, CO2 balloon). The excellent catalytic performance of POP-Ni could be attributed to its porous properties, the intramolecular synergy between Lewis acid Ni(II) and nucleophilic Br anion, and the efficient adsorption of CO2 by the multiamines Me6Tren. In addition, POP-Ni can be conveniently recovered through simple centrifugation, and up to 91.8% yield can be obtained on the sixth run. This research provided a facile approach to multifunctional POP-supported Ni(II) catalysts and may find promising application for sustainable and green synthesis of cyclic carbonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Key Material for High Performance Copper Clad Laminate, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiaxiang Qiu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yanbin Zeng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhimeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Key Material for High Performance Copper Clad Laminate, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Key Material for High Performance Copper Clad Laminate, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Guanqun Xie
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Agrawal R, Kumar A, Mohammed MKA, Singh S. Biomaterial types, properties, medical applications, and other factors: a recent review. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE. A 2023. [PMCID: PMC9986044 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.a2200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial research has been going on for several years, and many companies are heavily investing in new product development. However, it is a contentious field of science. Biomaterial science is a field that combines materials science and medicine. The replacement or restoration of damaged tissues or organs enhances the patient’s quality of life. The deciding aspect is whether or not the body will accept a biomaterial. A biomaterial used for an implant must possess certain qualities to survive a long time. When a biomaterial is used for an implant, it must have specific properties to be long-lasting. A variety of materials are used in biomedical applications. They are widely used today and can be used individually or in combination. This review will aid researchers in the selection and assessment of biomaterials. Before using a biomaterial, its mechanical and physical properties should be considered. Recent biomaterials have a structure that closely resembles that of tissue. Anti-infective biomaterials and surfaces are being developed using advanced antifouling, bactericidal, and antibiofilm technologies. This review tries to cover critical features of biomaterials needed for tissue engineering, such as bioactivity, self-assembly, structural hierarchy, applications, heart valves, skin repair, bio-design, essential ideas in biomaterials, bioactive biomaterials, bioresorbable biomaterials, biomaterials in medical practice, biomedical function for design, biomaterial properties such as biocompatibility, heat response, non-toxicity, mechanical properties, physical properties, wear, and corrosion, as well as biomaterial properties such surfaces that are antibacterial, nanostructured materials, and biofilm disrupting compounds, are all being investigated. It is technically possible to stop the spread of implant infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reeya Agrawal
- VLSI Research Centre, GLA University, 281406 Mathura, India
- Microelectronics & VLSI Lab, National Institute of Technology, Patna, 800005 India
| | - Anjan Kumar
- VLSI Research Centre, GLA University, 281406 Mathura, India
| | - Mustafa K. A. Mohammed
- Radiological Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah Babylon, Iraq
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Microelectronics & VLSI Lab, National Institute of Technology, Patna, 800005 India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
N-heterocyclic carbene-pyridine ligand coordinated Mo(II) complexes catalyzed synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
35
|
Zhang W, Hou Z, Chen S, Guo J, Hu J, Yang L, Cai G. Aspergillus oryzae lipase-mediated in vitro enzymatic degradation of poly (2,2′-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone). Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
|
36
|
Hernández E, Belinchón A, Santiago R, Moya C, Navarro P, Palomar J. Solvent-catalyst optimization of ionic liquid-based CO2 conversion to propylene carbonate: Laboratory validation and techno-economic analysis. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
37
|
Wu X, Xu D, De Bruyn M, Trimmel G, Barta K. Novel stereoisomeric lignin-derived polycarbonates: towards the creation of bisphenol polycarbonate mimics. Polym Chem 2023; 14:907-912. [PMID: 36846093 PMCID: PMC9942097 DOI: 10.1039/d2py01523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have described a family of bio-based polycarbonates (PC-MBC) based on the unique lignin-derived aliphatic diol 4,4'-methylenebiscyclohexanol (MBC) that was sustainably sourced from lignin oxidation mixture. The detailed structure analysis of these polycarbonates has been confirmed by a series of 2D NMR (HSQC and COSY) characterizations. Depending on the stereoisomerism of MBC, the PC-MBC displayed a wide achievable T g range of 117-174 °C and high T d5% of >310 °C by variation of the ratio of the stereoisomers of MBC, offering great substitution perspectives towards a bisphenol-containing polycarbonates. Nonetheless, the most here presented PC-MBC polycarbonates were film-forming and transparent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu L, Wang Y, Zhao X, Mao H, Gu Z. Investigating the Biodegradation Mechanism of Poly(trimethylene carbonate): Macrophage-Mediated Erosion by Secreting Lipase. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:921-928. [PMID: 36644840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), as one of the representatives of biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonates, has been found to degrade in vivo via surface erosion. This unique degradation behavior and the resulting nonacidic products make it more competitive with aliphatic polyesters (e.g., polylactide) in clinical practice. However, this surface degradation mechanism is complicated and not fully understood to date despite the findings that several reactive oxygen species and enzymes can specifically degrade PTMC in vitro. Herein, the biodegradation mechanism of PTMC was investigated by using possible degradation factors, distinct cell lines, and the inhibitors of these factors. The results demonstrate that PTMC undergoes a specific macrophage-mediated erosion. Macrophages tend to fuse into giant cells and elicit a typical inflammatory response by releasing proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, macrophages are suggested to primarily secrete enzymes (lipase specifically) to erode the PTMC bulk extracellularly as inhibiting their activity effectively prevented this eroding process. The clarification of the biodegradation mechanism in this work suggests that the degradation of PTMC highly depends on the foreign body response. Thus, it reminds the researchers to consider the effect of the microenvironment on the degradation and drug release of PTMC-based implantation devices and localized drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihuang Wu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongli Mao
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.,NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.,NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210000, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chong R, Qian F, Sun ZH, Wei MJ, Zhou WY, Zhang J, He MY, Chen Q, Qian JF. Catalytic behavior of a ZnO/TiO 2 composite in the synthesis of polycarbonate diol. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4890-4897. [PMID: 36762090 PMCID: PMC9903354 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07527j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ZnO/TiO2 catalysts with different ZnO contents have been prepared through equal volume impregnation method, characterized by XRD, SEM, Py-IR, ICP, XPS, NH3-TPD and N2 adsorption/desorption, and evaluated in the synthesis of polycarbonate diol (PCDL) through transesterification. The results showed that titanium zinc oxide formed in these catalysts, and the content of acidic sites varied with the ZnO content, and ZnO/TiO2 (10%) has the highest acid amount. The ZnO/TiO2 (20%) with medium acidic sites showed the highest catalytic activity. The synthesis process of polycarbonate glycol was also optimized. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the yield of PCDL was 72.5%, and the M n reached 4829 g mol-1 with a PDI of 1.6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Fei Qian
- Jiangsu Lingfei Chemical Co., Ltd Wuxi 214264 China
| | - Zhong-Hua Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Mei-Jun Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Wei-You Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Ming-Yang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Qun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Jun-Feng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhu J, Luo X, Li X. Ring-Opening Polymerization of Trimethylene Carbonate with Phosphazene Organocatalyst. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030720. [PMID: 36772021 PMCID: PMC9921643 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic polycarbonate (APC) compounds are an important class of biodegradable materials with excellent biocompatibility, good biodegradability, and low toxicity, and the study of these compounds and their modification products aims to obtain biodegradable materials with better performance. In this context, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) from a low nucleophilic organic superbase of phosphazene (t-BuP4) as a catalyst and benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as an initiator at room temperature was carefully studied to prepare poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) which is one of the most studied APC. 1H NMR and SEC measurements clearly demonstrate the presence of a benzyloxy group at the α-terminus of the obtained PTMC homopolymers while investigation of the polymerization kinetics confirms the controlled/living nature of t-BuP4-catalyzed ROP of TMC. On the basis of this, the block copolymerization of TMC and δ-valerolactone (VL)/ε-caprolactone (CL) was successfully carried out to give PTMC-b-PCL and PTMC-b-PVL copolymers. Furthermore, PTMC with terminal functionality was also prepared with the organocatalytic ROP of TMC through functional initiators. We believe that the present ROP system is a robust, highly efficient, and practical strategy for producing excellent biocompatible and biodegradable PTMC-based materials.
Collapse
|
41
|
Liao X, He JH, Zhang YT. CO 2 Fixation and PCHC Depolymerization by a Dinuclear β-Diketiminato Zinc Complex. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201076. [PMID: 36468413 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The production of cyclic carbonates and (or) polycarbonates from the coupling of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) with epoxides is a practical strategy for CO2 fixation. Chemically recycling of the polycarbonates is also urgently needed for sustainable development of plastics. Here a dinuclear β-diketiminato (BDI) methyl zinc complex((BDI-ZnMe)2 , 1) is reported to achieve not only selective cyclic carbonates from cycloaddition of CO2 to meso-CHO in the presence of cocatalyst, but also effective depolymerization of PCHC into trans-CHC. The trans-CHC can be further transformed into cis-CHC, thus demonstrating great application potentials of this strategy in CO2 fixation and chemical recycling of plastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Palenzuela M, Sarisuta K, Navarro M, Kumamoto N, Chanthaset N, Monot J, Ajiro H, Martín-Vaca B, Bourissou D. 5-Methylene-1,3-dioxane-2-one: A First-Choice Comonomer for Trimethylene Carbonate. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Palenzuela
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Kamolchanok Sarisuta
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Marta Navarro
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Narumi Kumamoto
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Nalinthip Chanthaset
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Julien Monot
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Blanca Martín-Vaca
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao C, Chen Q, Garcia-Hernandez JD, Watanabe LK, Rawson JM, Rao J, Manners I. Uniform and Length-Tunable, Paramagnetic Self-Assembled Nitroxide-Based Nanofibers for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Qi Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Lara K. Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
A simple multiple-amine heterogeneous composite for efficient conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates under atmospheric pressure. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
45
|
Zheng D, Xu D, Qiu J, Zhang W, Li H, Zhou D. Insight into the effect of anions on cycloaddition of CO2 catalyzed by carboxylate anion-based ionic liquids: A theoretical study by QM and MD. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
46
|
Song KS, Fritz PW, Coskun A. Porous organic polymers for CO 2 capture, separation and conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9831-9852. [PMID: 36374129 PMCID: PMC9703447 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) have long been considered as prime candidates for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, separation, and conversion. Especially their permanent porosity, structural tunability, stability and relatively low cost are key factors in such considerations. Whereas heteratom-rich microporous networks as well as their amine impregnation/functionalization have been actively exploited to boost the CO2 affinity of POPs, recently, the focus has shifted to engineering the pore environment, resulting in a new generation of highly microporous POPs rich in heteroatoms and featuring abundant catalytic sites for the capture and conversion of CO2 into value-added products. In this review, we aim to provide key insights into structure-property relationships governing the separation, capture and conversion of CO2 using POPs and highlight recent advances in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Seob Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick W Fritz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gregory GL, Sulley GS, Kimpel J, Łagodzińska M, Häfele L, Carrodeguas LP, Williams CK. Block Poly(carbonate-ester) Ionomers as High-Performance and Recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210748. [PMID: 36178774 PMCID: PMC9828403 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomers based on polyesters/carbonates have the potential to maximize recyclability, degradability and renewable resource use. However, they often underperform and suffer from the familiar trade-off between strength and extensibility. Herein, we report well-defined reprocessable poly(ester-b-carbonate-b-ester) elastomers with impressive tensile strengths (60 MPa), elasticity (>800 %) and recovery (95 %). Plus, the ester/carbonate linkages are fully degradable and enable chemical recycling. The superior performances are attributed to three features: (1) Highly entangled soft segments; (2) Fully reversible strain-induced crystallization and (3) Precisely placed ZnII -carboxylates dynamically crosslinking the hard domains. The one-pot synthesis couples controlled cyclic monomer ring-opening polymerization and alternating epoxide/anhydride ring-opening copolymerization. Efficient convresion to ionomers is achieved by reacting vinyl-epoxides to install ZnII -carboxylates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L. Gregory
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Gregory S. Sulley
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Joost Kimpel
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Matylda Łagodzińska
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Lisa Häfele
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fukushima K, Watanabe Y, Ueda T, Nakai S, Kato T. Organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(trimethylene carbonate). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Fukushima
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO Saitama Japan
| | - Yuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ueda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - So Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra‐Materials Shinshu University Nagano Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Watanabe Y, Kato R, Fukushima K, Kato T. Degradable and Nanosegregated Elastomers with Multiblock Sequences of Biobased Aromatic Mesogens and Biofunctional Aliphatic Oligocarbonates. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Riki Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fukushima
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chemical recycling and upcycling of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) via metal acetate catalyzed glycolysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|