1
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White NM, Waldie KM. Electrocatalytic formate and alcohol oxidation by hydride transfer at first-row transition metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38896286 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04304e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic oxidation of carbon-based liquid fuels, such as formic acid and alcohols, has important applications for our renewable energy transition. Molecular electrocatalysts based on transition metal complexes provide the opportunity to explore the interplay between precise catalyst design and electrocatalytic activity. Recent advances have seen the development of first-row transition metal electrocatalysts for these transformations that operate via hydride transfer between the substrate and catalyst. In this Frontier article, we present the key contributions to this field and discuss the proposed mechanisms for each case. These studies also reveal the remaining challenges for formate and alcohol oxidation with first-row transition metal systems, for which we provide perspectives on future directions for next-generation electrocatalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navar M White
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Kate M Waldie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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2
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Ali A, Verma RK, Das A, Paria S. Exploring the effect of a pendent amine group poised over the secondary coordination sphere of a cobalt complex on the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8289-8297. [PMID: 38660950 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A CoIII complex (2) of a bispyridine-dioxime ligand (H2LNMe2) containing a tertiary amine group in the proximity of the Co center is synthesized and characterized. One of the oxime protons of the ligand is deprotonated, and the amine group remains protonated in the solid-state structure of the CoII complex (2a). The acid-base properties of 2 showed pKa values of 5.9, 8.4, and 9.6, which are assigned to the dissociation of two consecutive oxime protons and amine protons, respectively. The electrocatalytic proton reduction of 2 was investigated in an aqueous phosphate buffer solution (PBS), revealing a catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at an Ecat/2 of -1.01 V vs. the SHE, with an overpotential of 673 mV and a kobs value of 2.6 × 103 s-1 at pH 7. For comparison, the HER of the Co complex (1) lacking the tert-amine group at the secondary sphere was investigated in PBS, which showed a kobs of 1.3 × 103 s-1 and an overpotential of 577 mV. At pH 4, however, 2 revealed a ∼3 times higher kobs value than 1, which suggests that the protonated amine group likely works as a proton relay site. Notably, no significant change in the reaction rate was observed at different pH values for 1, implying that oxime protons may not be involved in the intramolecular proton-coupled electron transfer reaction in the HER. The kobs values for Co complexes at pH 7.0 are significantly higher than those of the [Co(dmgH)2(pyridine)(Cl)] complex, implying that the primary coordination sphere around 1 or 2 enhances the HER and offers better catalyst stability in acidic buffer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Rajaneesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Avijit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Sayantan Paria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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3
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Sonea A, Warren JJ. Assembling the pieces to improve catalysis. Nat Chem 2024; 16:678-679. [PMID: 38641679 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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4
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Elvers BJ, Fischer C, Schulzke C. Dynamics and Coordination of a P 2N 2 Ligand - from Twisted Conformation to Chelation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304103. [PMID: 38372510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Based on their general spacial flexibility, their Lewis and Brønsted basicity, and ability to mimic second sphere effects the 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane ligand family and their complexes have regained substantial scientific interest. It was now possible to structurally analyze a recently reported member of this family with p-tolyl and t-butyl substituents on P and N, respectively, (P2 p-tolN2 tBu). Notably, the ligand crystallizes with a 'twisted' backbone. This compound is the very first of its kind to have been unambiguously characterized with regard to its chemical and molecular structure as being in this conformation. A temperature-dependent NMR study provides insight into the molecular dynamics of two isomers in solution, which are most likely also both twisted, as judged by the observed limited reactivity. Despite the in principle unfavorable conformation of the free ligand, it was successfully chelated to tungsten and molybdenum centers in mononuclear carbonyl complexes. The ligand, a derivative thereof and four new complexes were comprehensively characterized and analyzed in comparison. This includes single crystal XRD molecular structures of P2 p-tolN2 tBu and all four complexes. P2 p-tolN2 tBu, regardless of its twisted conformation, is able to coordinate to metal centers given that enough energy (heat) for a conformational change is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict J Elvers
- Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Fischer
- Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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5
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Yuan H, Krishna A, Wei Z, Su Y, Chen J, Hua W, Zheng Z, Song D, Mu Q, Pan W, Xiao L, Yan J, Li G, Yang W, Deng Z, Peng Y. Ligand-Bound CO 2 as a Nonclassical Route toward Efficient Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction with a Ni N-Confused Porphyrin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10550-10558. [PMID: 38584353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Implementing the synergistic effects between the metal and the ligand has successfully streamlined the energetics for CO2 activation and gained high catalytic activities, establishing the important breakthroughs in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, we describe a Ni(II) N-confused porphyrin complex (NiNCP) featuring an acidic N-H group. It is readily deprotonated and exists in an anion form during catalysis. Owing to this functional site, NiNCP gave rise to an outstanding turnover number (TON) as high as 217,000 with a 98% selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO, while the parent Ni(II) porphyrin (NiTPP) was found to be nearly inactive. Our mechanistic analysis revealed a nonclassical reaction pattern where CO2 was effectively activated via the attack of the Lewis-basic ligand. The resulting ligand-bound CO2 adduct could be further reduced to produce CO. This new metal-ligand synergistic effect is anticipated to inspire the design of highly active catalysts for small molecule activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Yuan
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Akash Krishna
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Zhihe Wei
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhui Su
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangyi Zheng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daqi Song
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Mu
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyi Pan
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Xiao
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Guanna Li
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Pham TL, Thomas F. Design of Functional Globular β-Sheet Miniproteins. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300745. [PMID: 38275210 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The design of discrete β-sheet peptides is far less advanced than e. g. the design of α-helical peptides. The reputation of β-sheet peptides as being poorly soluble and aggregation-prone often hinders active design efforts. Here, we show that this reputation is unfounded. We demonstrate this by looking at the β-hairpin and WW domain. Their structure and folding have been extensively studied and they have long served as model systems to investigate protein folding and folding kinetics. The resulting fundamental understanding has led to the development of hyperstable β-sheet scaffolds that fold at temperatures of 100 °C or high concentrations of denaturants. These have been used to design functional miniproteins with protein or nucleic acid binding properties, in some cases with such success that medical applications are conceivable. The β-sheet scaffolds are not always completely rigid, but can be specifically designed to respond to changes in pH, redox potential or presence of metal ions. Some engineered β-sheet peptides also exhibit catalytic properties, although not comparable to those of natural proteins. Previous reviews have focused on the design of stably folded and non-aggregating β-sheet sequences. In our review, we now also address design strategies to obtain functional miniproteins from β-sheet folding motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Lam Pham
- Truc Lam Pham, Prof. Dr. Franziska Thomas, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Thomas
- Truc Lam Pham, Prof. Dr. Franziska Thomas, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Peng X, Zhang M, Qin H, Han J, Xu Y, Li W, Zhang XP, Zhang W, Apfel UP, Cao R. Switching Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Pathways through Electronic Tuning of Copper Porphyrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401074. [PMID: 38311965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The electronic structure of metal complexes plays key roles in determining their catalytic features. However, controlling electronic structures to regulate reaction mechanisms is of fundamental interest but has been rarely presented. Herein, we report electronic tuning of Cu porphyrins to switch pathways of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Through controllable and regioselective β-oxidation of Cu porphyrin 1, we synthesized analogues 2-4 with one or two β-lactone groups in either a cis or trans configuration. Complexes 1-4 have the same Cu-N4 core site but different electronic structures. Although β-oxidation led to large anodic shifts of reductions, 1-4 displayed similar HER activities in terms of close overpotentials. With electrochemical, chemical and theoretical results, we show that the catalytically active species switches from a CuI species for 1 to a Cu0 species for 4. This work is thus significant to present mechanism-controllable HER via electronic tuning of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Mengchun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haonan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jinxiu Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yuhan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xue-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie I, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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8
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Chirila A, Hu Y, Linehan JC, Dixon DA, Wiedner ES. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Activity Descriptors for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6866-6879. [PMID: 38437011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Activity descriptors are a powerful tool for the design of catalysts that can efficiently utilize H2 with minimal energy losses. In this study, we develop the use of hydricity and H- self-exchange rates as thermodynamic and kinetic descriptors for the hydrogenation of ketones by molecular catalysts. Two complexes with known hydricity, HRh(dmpe)2 and HCo(dmpe)2, were investigated for the catalytic hydrogenation of ketones under mild conditions (1.5 atm and 25 °C). The rhodium catalyst proved to be an efficient catalyst for a wide range of ketones, whereas the cobalt catalyst could only hydrogenate electron-deficient ketones. Using a combination of experiment and electronic structure theory, thermodynamic hydricity values were established for 46 alkoxide/ketone pairs in both acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran solvents. Through comparison of the hydricities of the catalysts and substrates, it was determined that catalysis was observed only for catalyst/ketone pairs with an exergonic H- transfer step. Mechanistic studies revealed that H- transfer was the rate-limiting step for catalysis, allowing for the experimental and computation construction of linear free-energy relationships (LFERs) for H- transfer. Further analysis revealed that the LFERs could be reproduced using Marcus theory, in which the H- self-exchange rates for the HRh/Rh+ and ketone/alkoxide pairs were used to predict the experimentally measured catalytic barriers within 2 kcal mol-1. These studies significantly expand the scope of catalytic reactions that can be analyzed with a thermodynamic hydricity descriptor and firmly establish Marcus theory as a valid approach to develop kinetic descriptors for designing catalysts for H- transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Chirila
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yiqin Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - John C Linehan
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Eric S Wiedner
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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9
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Isbrandt ES, Chapple DE, Tu NTP, Dimakos V, Beardall AMM, Boyle PD, Rowley CN, Blacquiere JM, Newman SG. Controlling Reactivity and Selectivity in the Mizoroki-Heck Reaction: High Throughput Evaluation of 1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5650-5660. [PMID: 38359357 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We report a high throughput evaluation of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of diverse olefin coupling partners. Comparison of different ligands revealed the 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (P2N2) scaffold to be more broadly applicable than common "gold standard" ligands, demonstrating that this family of readily accessible diphosphines has unrecognized potential in organic synthesis. In particular, two structurally related P2N2 ligands were identified to enable the regiodivergent arylation of styrenes. By simply altering the phosphorus substituent from a phenyl to tert-butyl group, both the linear and branched Mizoroki-Heck products can be obtained in high regioisomeric ratios. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies were performed to further probe the origin of selectivity, which suggests that both ligands coordinate to the metal in a similar manner but that rigid positioning of the phosphorus substituent forces contact with the incoming olefin in a π-π interaction (for P-Ph ligands) or with steric clash (for P-tBu ligands), dictating the regiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Isbrandt
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Devon E Chapple
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Nguyen Thien Phuc Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Victoria Dimakos
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anne Marie M Beardall
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Paul D Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Christopher N Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Johanna M Blacquiere
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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10
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Sonea A, Crudo NR, Warren JJ. Understanding the Interplay of the Brønsted Acidity of Catalyst Ancillary Groups and the Solution Components in Iron-porphyrin-Mediated Carbon Dioxide Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3721-3731. [PMID: 38307036 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and efficient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) is an ongoing challenge. Catalysts based on iron-porphyrin cores have emerged as excellent electrochemical mediators of the two proton + two electron reduction of CO2 to CO, and many of the design features that promote function are known. Of those design features, the incorporation of Brønsted acids in the second coordination sphere of the iron ion has a significant impact on catalyst turnover kinetics. The Brønsted acids are often in the form of hydroxyphenyl groups. Herein, we explore how the acidity of an ancillary 2-hydroxyphenyl group affects the performance of CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. A series of meso-5,10,15,20-tetraaryl porphyrins were prepared where only the functional group at the 5-meso position has an ionizable proton. A series of cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments reveal that the complex with -OMe positioned para to the ionizable -OH shows the largest CO2 reduction rate constants in acetonitrile solvent. This is the least acidic -OH of the compounds surveyed. The turnover frequency of the -OMe derivative can be further improved with the addition of 4-trifluoromethylphenol to the solution. In contrast, the iron-porphyrin complex with -CF3 positioned opposite the ionizable -OH shows the smallest CO2 reduction rate constants, and its turnover frequency is less enhanced with the addition of phenols to the reaction solutions. The origin of this effect is rationalized based on kinetic isotope effect experiments and density functional calculations. We conclude that catalysts with weaker internal acids coupled with stronger external acid additives provide superior CO2 reduction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Crudo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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11
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Kumar P, Tyagi VP, Ghosh M. Exploring the Multifarious Role of the Ligand in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Pathways. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302195. [PMID: 37728113 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have shifted their focus towards investigating the redox properties of ancillary ligand backbones for small-molecule activation. Several metal complexes have been reported for the electrocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER), providing valuable mechanistic insights. This process involves efficient coupling of electrons and protons. Redox-active ligands stipulate internal electron transfer and promote effective orbital overlap between metal and ligand, thereby, enabling efficient proton-coupled electron transfer reactions. Understanding such catalytic mechanisms requires thorough spectroscopic and computational analyses. Herein, we summarize recent examples of molecular electrocatalysts based on 3d transition metals that have significantly influenced mechanistic pathways, thus, emphasizing the multifaceted role of metal-ligand cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Plot #2, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, National Capital Region, 131029, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Vyom Prakash Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Plot #2, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, National Capital Region, 131029, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Munmun Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Plot #2, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, National Capital Region, 131029, Sonipat, Haryana, India
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12
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Trowbridge L, Averkiev B, Sues PE. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution using a Nickel-based Calixpyrrole Complex: Controlling the Secondary Coordination Sphere on an Electrode Surface. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301920. [PMID: 37665793 PMCID: PMC10842979 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating design elements from homogeneous catalysts to construct well defined active sites on electrode surfaces is a promising approach for developing next generation electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions. Furthermore, if functionalities that control the electrode microenvironment could be integrated into these active sites it would be particularly appealing. In this context, a square planar nickel calixpyrrole complex, Ni(DPMDA) (DPMDA=2,2'-((diphenylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrrole-5,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))dianiline) with pendant amine groups is reported that forms a heterogeneous hydrogen evolution catalyst using anilinium tetrafluoroborate as the proton source. The supported Ni(DPMDA) catalyst was surprisingly stable and displayed fast reaction kinetics with turnover frequencies (TOF) up to 25,900 s-1 or 366,000 s-1 cm-2 . Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies revealed a KIE of 5.7, and this data, combined with Tafel slope analysis, suggested that a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process involving the pendant amine groups was rate-limiting. While evidence of an outer-sphere reduction of the Ni(DPMDA) catalyst was observed, it is hypothesized that the control over the secondary coordination sphere provided by the pendant amines facilitated such high TOFs and enabled the PCET mechanism. The results reported herein provide insight into heterogeneous catalyst design and approaches for controlling the secondary coordination sphere on electrode surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas, 66503, USA
| | - Boris Averkiev
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas, 66503, USA
| | - Peter E Sues
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas, 66503, USA
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13
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Faizullin BA, Dayanova IR, Kurenkov AV, Gubaidullin AT, Saifina AF, Nizameev IR, Kholin KV, Khrizanforov MN, Sirazieva AR, Litvinov IA, Voloshina AD, Lyubina AP, Sibgatullina GV, Samigullin DV, Musina EI, Strelnik ID, Karasik AA, Mustafina AR. ROS-producing nanomaterial engineered from Cu(I) complexes with P 2N 2-ligands for cancer cells treating. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:133. [PMID: 37903946 PMCID: PMC10616039 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The work presents core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) built from the novel Cu(I) complexes with cyclic P2N2-ligands (1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes) that can visualize their entry into cancer and normal cells using a luminescent signal and treat cells by self-enhancing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Variation of P- and N-substituents in the series of P2N2-ligands allows structure optimization of the Cu(I) complexes for the formation of the luminescent NPs with high chemical stability. The non-covalent modification of the NPs with triblock copolymer F-127 provides their high colloidal stability, followed by efficient cell internalization of the NPs visualized by their blue (⁓450 nm) luminescence. The cytotoxic effects of the NPs toward the normal and some of cancer cells are significantly lower than those of the corresponding molecular complexes, which correlates with the chemical stability of the NPs in the solutions. The ability of the NPs to self-enhanced and H2O2-induced ROS generation is demonstrated in solutions and intracellular space by means of the standard electron spin resonance (ESR) and fluorescence techniques correspondingly. The anticancer specificity of the NPs toward HuTu 80 cancer cells and the apoptotic cell death pathway correlate with the intracellular level of ROS, which agrees well with the self-enhancing ROS generation of the NPs. The enhanced level of ROS revealed in HuTu 80 cells incubated with the NPs can be associated with the significant level of their mitochondrial localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat A Faizullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088.
| | - Irina R Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Alexey V Kurenkov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Aidar T Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Alina F Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Irek R Nizameev
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx Str., Kazan, Russia, 420015
| | - Kirill V Kholin
- Department of Nanotechnology in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University Named After A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx Street, Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Mikhail N Khrizanforov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
- Aleksander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 1/29 Lobachevski Str., Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Aisylu R Sirazieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Igor A Litvinov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Anna P Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Guzel V Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski Str., Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Dmitry V Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski Str., Kazan, Russia, 420111
- Institute for Radio-Electronics and Telecommunications, Kazan National Research Technical University Named After A.N. Tupolev-KAI, 10 K. Marx Street, Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Elvira I Musina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
- Aleksander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 1/29 Lobachevski Str., Kazan, Russia, 420008
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
| | - Asiya R Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan, Russia, 420088
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14
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Nguyen BX, Sonea A, Warren JJ. Further Understanding the Roles of Solvent, Brønsted Acids, and Hydrogen Bonding in Iron Porphyrin-Mediated Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17602-17611. [PMID: 37847220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Improving our understanding of how molecules and materials mediate the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to upgraded products is of great interest as a means to address climate change. A leading class of molecules that can facilitate the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) is iron porphyrins. These molecules can have high rate constants for CO2-to-CO conversion; they are robust, and they rely on abundant and inexpensive synthetic building blocks. Important foundational work has been conducted using chloroiron 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPPCl) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. A related and recent report points out that the corresponding perchlorate complex, FeTPPClO4, can have superior function due to its solubility in other organic solvents. However, the importance of hydrogen bonding and solvent effects was not discussed. Herein, we present a detailed kinetic study of the triflate (CF3SO3-) complex of FeTPP in DMF and in MeCN using a range of phenol Brønsted acid additives. We also detected the formation of Fe(III)TPP-phenolate complexes using cyclic voltammetry experiments. Importantly, our new analysis of apparent rate constants with different added phenols allows for a modification to the established mechanistic model for CO2-to-CO conversion. Critically, our improved model accounts for hydrogen bonding and solvent effects by using simple hydrogen bond acidity and basicity descriptors. We use this augmented model to rationalize function in other reported porphyrin systems and to make predictions about operational conditions that can enhance the CO2 reduction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Tan KX, Li K, Zheng ZJ, Lin XL, Liu YF, Zhang ZB, Yang GP. Two-Fold Interpenetrated Binuclear Nickel Metal-Organic Framework as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for N-Heterocycle Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17310-17316. [PMID: 37819837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A binuclear Ni(II)-based metal-organic framework {[Ni2(btb)1.333(H2O)3.578(py)1.422]·(DMF)(H2O)3.25}n (Nibtb) was solvothermally synthesized (H3btb = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxylphenyl)benzene, py = pyridine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). Nibtb shows a rare 2-fold interpenetrating (3,4)-connected 3D network with a point symbol of (83)4(86)3 based on binuclear Ni(II) clusters. Nibtb as a heterogeneous catalyst combines the high stability of MOFs and excellent catalytic activity of nickel, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of benzimidazoles and pyrazoles under mild conditions. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily separated and reused for seven successive cycles and maintains high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Tan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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16
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Montgomery CL, Amtawong J, Jordan AM, Kurtz DA, Dempsey JL. Proton transfer kinetics of transition metal hydride complexes and implications for fuel-forming reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7137-7169. [PMID: 37750006 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00355h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer reactions involving transition metal hydride complexes are prevalent in a number of catalytic fuel-forming reactions, where the proton transfer kinetics to or from the metal center can have significant impacts on the efficiency, selectivity, and stability associated with the catalytic cycle. This review correlates the often slow proton transfer rate constants of transition metal hydride complexes to their electronic and structural descriptors and provides perspective on how to exploit these parameters to control proton transfer kinetics to and from the metal center. A toolbox of techniques for experimental determination of proton transfer rate constants is discussed, and case studies where proton transfer rate constant determination informs fuel-forming reactions are highlighted. Opportunities for extending proton transfer kinetic measurements to additional systems are presented, and the importance of synergizing the thermodynamics and kinetics of proton transfer involving transition metal hydride complexes is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Jaruwan Amtawong
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Aldo M Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Daniel A Kurtz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA.
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17
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Reuillard B, Costentin C, Artero V. Deciphering Reversible Homogeneous Catalysis of the Electrochemical H 2 Evolution and Oxidation: Role of Proton Relays and Local Concentration Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302779. [PMID: 37073946 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Nickel bisdiphosphine complexes bearing pendant amines form a unique series of catalysts (so-called DuBois' catalysts) capable of bidirectional/reversible electrocatalytic oxidation and production of dihydrogen. This unique behaviour is directly linked to the presence of proton relays installed close to the metal center. We report here for the arginine derivative [Ni(P2 Cy N2 Arg )2 ]6+ on a mechanistic model and its kinetic treatment that may apply to all DuBois' catalysts and show that it allows for a good fit of experimental data measured at different pH values, catalyst concentrations and partial hydrogen pressures. The bidirectionality of catalysis results from balanced equilibria related to hydrogen uptake/evolution on one side and (metal)-hydride installation/capture on the other side, both controlled by concentration effects resulting from the presence of proton relays and connected by two square schemes corresponding to proton-coupled electron transfer processes. We show that the catalytic bias is controlled by the kinetic of the H2 uptake/evolution step. Reversibility does not require that the energy landscape be flat, with redox transitions occurring at potentials up to 250 mV away for the equilibrium potential, although such large deviations from a flat energy landscape can negatively impacts the rate of catalysis when coupled with slow interfacial electron transfer kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Artero
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, LCBM, 38000, Grenoble, France
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18
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VanderWeide A, Prokopchuk DE. Cyclopentadienyl ring activation in organometallic chemistry and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00501-1. [PMID: 37258685 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand is a cornerstone of modern organometallic chemistry. Since the discovery of ferrocene, the Cp ligand and its various derivatives have become foundational motifs in catalysis, medicine and materials science. Although largely considered an ancillary ligand for altering the stereoelectronic properties of transition metal centres, there is mounting evidence that the core Cp ring structure also serves as a reservoir for reactive protons (H+), hydrides (H-) or radical hydrogen (H•) atoms. This Review chronicles the field of Cp ring activation, highlighting the pivotal role that Cp ligands can have in electrocatalytic H2 production, N2 reduction, hydride transfer reactions and proton-coupled electron transfer.
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19
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Leone L, Sgueglia G, La Gatta S, Chino M, Nastri F, Lombardi A. Enzymatic and Bioinspired Systems for Hydrogen Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108605. [PMID: 37239950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary potential of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel has sparked the interest of the scientific community to find environmentally friendly methods for its production. Biological catalysts are the most attractive solution, as they usually operate under mild conditions and do not produce carbon-containing byproducts. Hydrogenases promote reversible proton reduction to hydrogen in a variety of anoxic bacteria and algae, displaying unparallel catalytic performances. Attempts to use these sophisticated enzymes in scalable hydrogen production have been hampered by limitations associated with their production and stability. Inspired by nature, significant efforts have been made in the development of artificial systems able to promote the hydrogen evolution reaction, via either electrochemical or light-driven catalysis. Starting from small-molecule coordination compounds, peptide- and protein-based architectures have been constructed around the catalytic center with the aim of reproducing hydrogenase function into robust, efficient, and cost-effective catalysts. In this review, we first provide an overview of the structural and functional properties of hydrogenases, along with their integration in devices for hydrogen and energy production. Then, we describe the most recent advances in the development of homogeneous hydrogen evolution catalysts envisioned to mimic hydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmattia Sgueglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Gatta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
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20
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Jiang S, Zheng H, Yan W, Wang T, Wang C, Li S, Xie H, Li G, Zheng X, Fan H, Yang X, Jiang L. Capturing Hydrogen Radicals by Neutral Metal Hydroxides. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2481-2486. [PMID: 36867598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Capturing the hydrogen radical is of central importance in various systems ranging from catalysis to biology to astronomy, but it has been proven to be challenging experimentally because of its high reactivity and short lifetime. Here, neutral MO3H4 (M = Sc, Y, La) complexes were characterized by size-specific infrared-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy. All these products were determined to be the hydrogen radical adducts in the form of H•M(OH)3. The results indicate that the addition of the hydrogen radical to the M(OH)3 complex is both thermodynamically exothermic and kinetically facile in the gas phase. Moreover, the soft collisions in the cluster growth channel with the helium expansion were found to be demanded for the formation of H•M(OH)3. This work highlights the pivotal roles played by the soft collisions in the formation of hydrogen radical adducts and also opens new avenues toward the design and chemical control of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huijun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiantong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiucheng Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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21
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Sonea A, Branch KL, Warren JJ. The Pattern of Hydroxyphenyl-Substitution Influences CO 2 Reduction More Strongly than the Number of Hydroxyphenyl Groups in Iron-Porphyrin Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kaitlin L. Branch
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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22
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Zhang S, Zhou R, Duan YN, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Wen J. Homogeneous Dearomative Hydrogenation with a Co/P 4 N 2 Catalyst: A Nucleophilic Approach. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203189. [PMID: 36401594 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arene hydrogenation is the most straightforward method to prepare carbo- and heterocycles. However, the high resonance energy prevents aromatic substrates from hydrogenation. Herein the homogeneous, nucleophilic hydrogenation of less electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes is reported. The Co(P4 N2 )H species that has been demonstrated to be a strong hydride donor could deliver a hydride ion to the cyano (hetero)arene substrates. Deuterium labeling experiments supported a Michael-type reaction pathway. Theoretical analyses have been conducted to investigate the hydricity of the catalytically active CoH species and the electrophilicity of the arene substrates. An outlook for the synthesis of more challenging substituted benzenes was proposed based on the in silico modification of the CoH species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Duan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Wen
- Department of Chemistry, the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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23
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Noll N, Groß T, Shoyama K, Beuerle F, Würthner F. Folding-Induced Promotion of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfers via Proximal Base for Light-Driven Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217745. [PMID: 36511298 PMCID: PMC10107485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) processes play a key role in biocatalytic energy conversion and storage, for example, photosynthesis or nitrogen fixation. Here, we report a series of bipyridine-containing di- to tetranuclear Ru(bda) macrocycles 2 C-4 C (bda: 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate) to promote O-O bond formation. In photocatalytic water oxidation under neutral conditions, all complexes 2 C-4 C prevail in a folded conformation that support the water nucleophilic attack (WNA) pathway with remarkable turnover frequencies of up to 15.5 s-1 per Ru unit respectively. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed an increased tendency for intramolecular π-π stacking and preorganization of the proximal bases close to the active centers for the larger macrocycles. H/D kinetic isotope effect studies and electrochemical data demonstrate the key role of the proximal bipyridines as proton acceptors in lowering the activation barrier for the crucial nucleophilic attack of H2 O in the WNA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Noll
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Groß
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Huffman BL, Bein GP, Atallah H, Donley CL, Alameh RT, Wheeler JP, Durand N, Harvey AK, Kessinger MC, Chen CY, Fakhraai Z, Atkin JM, Castellano FN, Dempsey JL. Surface Immobilization of a Re(I) Tricarbonyl Phenanthroline Complex to Si(111) through Sonochemical Hydrosilylation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:984-996. [PMID: 36548441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A sonochemical-based hydrosilylation method was employed to covalently attach a rhenium tricarbonyl phenanthroline complex to silicon(111). fac-Re(5-(p-Styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl (5-(p-styrene)-phen = 5-(4-vinylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline) was reacted with hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) in an ultrasonic bath to generate a hybrid photoelectrode. Subsequent reaction with 1-hexene enabled functionalization of remaining atop Si sites. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms attachment of the organometallic complex to silicon without degradation of the organometallic core, supporting hydrosilylation as a strategy for installing coordination complexes that retain their molecular integrity. Detection of Re(I) and nitrogen by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further support immobilization of fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under white light illumination indicate that fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl undergoes two electron reductions. Mott-Schottky analysis indicates that the flat band potential is 239 mV more positive for p-Si(111) co-functionalized with both fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl and 1-hexene than when functionalized with 1-hexene alone. XPS, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mott-Schottky analysis show that functionalization with fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl and 1-hexene introduces a negative interfacial dipole, facilitating reductive photoelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gabriella P Bein
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Hala Atallah
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Reem T Alameh
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan P Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Nicolas Durand
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Alexis K Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew C Kessinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Cindy Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joanna M Atkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Nasim A, Thomas GT, Ovens JS, Newman SG. Reductive 1,2-Arylation of Isatins. Org Lett 2022; 24:7232-7236. [PMID: 36170032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report an intermolecular Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of aryl iodides and isatins to form 3-hydroxyoxindoles. In contrast to common metal-mediated methods, sec-butanol is used as a mild stoichiometric reductant resulting in benign waste products. This formal 1,2-addition reaction is facilitated by a 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (P2N2) ligand. Two Ni(0)-P2N2 species are prepared and found to be catalytically active, supporting a mechanistic hypothesis that this reaction proceeds by a modified carbonyl-Heck-type pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrah Nasim
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Gilian T Thomas
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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26
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The Backbone of Success of P,N-Hybrid Ligands: Some Recent Developments. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196293. [PMID: 36234830 PMCID: PMC9614609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus ligands are an invaluable family of compounds that continue to underpin important roles in disciplines such as coordination chemistry and catalysis. Their success can routinely be traced back to facile tuneability thus enabling a high degree of control over, for example, electronic and steric properties. Diphosphines, phosphorus compounds bearing two separated PIII donor atoms, are also highly valued and impart their own unique features, for example excellent chelating properties upon metal complexation. In many classical ligands of this type, the backbone connectivity has been based on all carbon spacers only but there is growing interest in embedding other donor atoms such as additional nitrogen (–NH–, –NR–) sites. This review will collate some important examples of ligands in this field, illustrate their role as ligands in coordination chemistry and highlight some of their reactivities and applications. It will be shown that incorporation of a nitrogen-based group can impart unusual reactivities and important catalytic applications.
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27
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Hern M, Foley R, Bacsa J, Wallen CM. Binding polyprotic small molecules with second-sphere hydrogen bonds. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2119850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Hern
- Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - John Bacsa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian M. Wallen
- Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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28
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Cooper SM, Siakalli C, White AJP, Frei A, Miller PW, Long NJ. Synthesis and anti-microbial activity of a new series of bis(diphosphine) rhenium(V) dioxo complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12791-12795. [PMID: 35920379 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhenium-based metallodrugs have recently been highlighted as promising candidates for new antibiotics to combat multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. A new class of rhenium(V) dioxo complexes were prepared from readily accessible diphosphine ligands, and have been shown to possess potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) alongside low human cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul M Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Christina Siakalli
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Angelo Frei
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood Lane, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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29
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Karagiannis A, Tyryshkin AM, Lalancette RA, Spasyuk DM, Washington A, Prokopchuk DE. A redox-active Mn(0) dicarbene metalloradical. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12963-12966. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04677f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rare redox-active Mn(0) dicarbene anion with solvent-dependent electrochemical behaviour has been synthesized and thoroughly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ageliki Karagiannis
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University – Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Alexei M. Tyryshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University – Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | | | - Asmaa Washington
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University – Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Demyan E. Prokopchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University – Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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