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Hao Y, Niu Z, Yang J, Wang M, Liu H, Qin Y, Su W, Zhang H, Zhang C, Li X. Self-Powered Terahertz Modulators Based on Metamaterials, Liquid Crystals, and Triboelectric Nanogenerators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32249-32258. [PMID: 38869324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
6G communication mainly occurs in the THz band (0.1-10 THz), which can achieve excellent performance. Self-powered THz modulators are essential for achieving better conduction, modulation, and manipulation of THz waves. Herein, a self-powered terahertz modulator, which is based on metamaterials, liquid crystals (LCs), and rotary triboelectric nanogenerators (R-TENGs), is proposed to realize the driving of different array elements. The corresponding designs can achieve an integrated design and preparation method for dynamic spectrum-reconfigurable liquid crystal metamaterials. In addition, for the type of cross-structure metamaterial liquid crystal box, a phase modulation of 1 GHz is achieved at frequencies of 0.117 and 0.161 THz with modulation depths of 13 and 11%, respectively. Because the R-TENG with a multifan blade and circular electrodes can generate 18 peaks of electric output in every rotation, it can successfully provide sufficient frequency alternating-current electric energy to drive the terahertz modulator and achieve a self-powered function. Our findings lay a solid theoretical foundation for further building self-powered THz communication systems and promote the development of a theoretical system for LC-driving spectrum-reconfigurable devices in the THz domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Hao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Niu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Haopeng Liu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Hongke Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Chuguo Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhan Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
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Niemann R, Mueller NS, Wasserroth S, Lu G, Wolf M, Caldwell JD, Paarmann A. Spectroscopic and Interferometric Sum-Frequency Imaging of Strongly Coupled Phonon Polaritons in SiC Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312507. [PMID: 38895889 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Phonon polaritons enable waveguiding and localization of infrared light with extreme confinement and low losses. The spatial propagation and spectral resonances of such polaritons are usually probed with complementary techniques such as near-field optical microscopy and far-field reflection spectroscopy. Here, infrared-visible sum-frequency spectro-microscopy is introduced as a tool for spectroscopic imaging of phonon polaritons. The technique simultaneously provides sub-wavelength spatial resolution and highly-resolved spectral resonance information. This is implemented by resonantly exciting polaritons using a tunable infrared laser and wide-field microscopic detection of the upconverted light. The technique is employed to image hybridization and strong coupling of localized and propagating surface phonon polaritons in a metasurface of SiC micropillars. Spectro-microscopy allows to measure the polariton dispersion simultaneously in momentum space by angle-dependent resonance imaging, and in real space by polariton interferometry. Notably, it is possible to directly image how strong coupling affects the spatial localization of polaritons, inaccessible with conventional spectroscopic techniques. The formation of edge states is observed at excitation frequencies where strong coupling prevents polariton propagation into the metasurface. The technique is applicable to the wide range of polaritonic materials with broken inversion symmetry and can be used as a fast and non-perturbative tool to image polariton hybridization and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richarda Niemann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas S Mueller
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sören Wasserroth
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Present address: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Alexander Paarmann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Zhu Z, Yang L, Wu J, Meng Y, Xi X, Yan B, Chen J, Lu J, Huang X, Deng W, Shang C, Shum PP, Yang Y, Chen H, Xiang K, Liu GG, Liu Z, Gao Z. Brillouin Klein space and half-turn space in three-dimensional acoustic crystals. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00337-2. [PMID: 38782659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The Bloch band theory and Brillouin zone (BZ) that characterize wave-like behaviors in periodic mediums are two cornerstones of contemporary physics, ranging from condensed matter to topological physics. Recent theoretical breakthrough revealed that, under the projective symmetry algebra enforced by artificial gauge fields, the usual two-dimensional (2D) BZ (orientable Brillouin two-torus) can be fundamentally modified to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein bottle with radically distinct manifold topology. However, the physical consequence of artificial gauge fields on the more general three-dimensional (3D) BZ (orientable Brillouin three-torus) was so far missing. Here, we theoretically discovered and experimentally observed that the fundamental domain and topology of the usual 3D BZ can be reduced to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein space or an orientable Brillouin half-turn space in a 3D acoustic crystal with artificial gauge fields. We experimentally identify peculiar 3D momentum-space non-symmorphic screw rotation and glide reflection symmetries in the measured band structures. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate a novel stacked weak Klein bottle insulator featuring a nonzero Z2 topological invariant and self-collimated topological surface states at two opposite surfaces related by a nonlocal twist, radically distinct from all previous 3D topological insulators. Our discovery not only fundamentally modifies the fundamental domain and topology of 3D BZ, but also opens the door towards a wealth of previously overlooked momentum-space multidimensional manifold topologies and novel gauge-symmetry-enriched topological physics and robust acoustic wave manipulations beyond the existing paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jien Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiuyang Lu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xueqin Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weiyin Deng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ce Shang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Perry Ping Shum
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yihao Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kexin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gui-Geng Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Zhengyou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Qiang Y, Sun K, Palacino-González E, Shen K, Rao BJ, Gelin MF, Zhao Y. Probing avoided crossings and conical intersections by two-pulse femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy: Theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054107. [PMID: 38341700 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study leverages two-pulse femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (2FSRS) to characterize molecular systems with avoided crossings (ACs) and conical intersections (CIs) in their low-lying excited electronic states. By simulating 2FSRS spectra of microscopically inspired ACs and CIs models, we demonstrate that 2FSRS not only delivers valuable information on the molecular parameters characterizing ACs and CIs but also helps distinguish between these two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Qiang
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Elisa Palacino-González
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaijun Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - B Jayachander Rao
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Zhang JH, Mei F, Xiao L, Jia S. Dynamical Detection of Topological Spectral Density. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:036603. [PMID: 38307045 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.036603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Local density of states (LDOS) is emerging as powerful means of exploring classical-wave topological phases. However, the current LDOS detection method remains rare and merely works for static situations. Here, we introduce a generic dynamical method to detect both the static and Floquet LDOS, based on an elegant connection between dynamics of chiral density and local spectral densities. Moreover, we find that the Floquet LDOS allows to measure out Floquet quasienergy spectra and identify topological π modes. As an example, we demonstrate that both the static and Floquet higher-order topological phase can be universally identified via LDOS detection, regardless of whether the topological corner modes are in energy gaps, bands, or continuous energy spectra without band gaps. Our study opens a new avenue utilizing dynamics to detect topological spectral densities and provides a universal approach of identifying static and Floquet topological phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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Huang H, Chen J, Mao L, Wang R. Simultaneous pseudospin and valley topological edge states of elastic waves in phononic crystals made of distorted Kekulé lattices. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 36:135402. [PMID: 38100830 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad162e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Topological metamaterials protected by the spatial inversion symmetry mainly support single type edge state, interpreted by either the quantum valley Hall effect or the quantum spin Hall effect. However, owing to the existence of the complicated couplings and waveform conversions during elastic wave propagation, realizing topologically protected edge states that support both pseudospin and valley degrees of freedom in elastic system remains a great challenge. Here, we propose a two-dimensional Kekulé phononic crystal (PC) that can simultaneously possess pseudospin- and valley-Hall edge states in different frequency bands. By inhomogeneously changing the elliptical direction in a Kekulé lattice of elliptical cylinders, three complete phononic bandgaps exhibiting distinct topological phase transitions can be obtained, one of which supports a pair of pseudospin-Hall edge states and the other hosts valley-Hall edge states in the low and high frequency regime. Furthermore, a sandwiched PC heterostructure and a four-channel cross-waveguide splitter are constructed to achieve selective excitation and topological robust propagation of pseudospin- and valley-momentum locking edge states in a single configuration. These results provide new possibilities for manipulating in-plane bulk elastic waves with both pseudospin and valley degrees of freedom in a single configuration, which has potential applications for multiband and multifunctional waveguiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiujiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Mao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongji Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, People's Republic of China
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