1
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Nevonen DE, Atoyebi AO, Luciano MP, Brückner C, Nemykin VN. Electronic Structures of an Annulated meso-Tetraphenylchlorin and a Related Chlorin Analogue Incorporating an 8-Membered Ring through MCD Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4823-4829. [PMID: 38857383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we compare the electronic structures of the metal-free and nickel(II) derivatives of an annulated meso-tetraphenyldihydroxychlorin with those of the (metallo)chlorin analogues derived by pyrroline β,β'-ring cleavage of the annulated (metallo)chlorins. These (metallo)chlorin analogues incorporate 8-membered heterocycles in place of the pyrroline, carry oxo-functionalities on the former pyrroline β-carbon atoms, and were previously shown to possess drastically ruffled (twisted) nonplanar conformations. The magnetic circular dichroism spectra of all chromophores investigated feature chlorin-like UV-vis spectra and correspondingly reversed (positive-to-negative in ascending energy) sign sequences in the Q-band region, indicative of ΔHOMO < ΔLUMO relationships. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the HOMOs in all compounds are a1u-type molecular orbitals (in traditional for the porphyrin spectroscopy D4h point group). Time-dependent DFT calculations correlate well with the experimental spectra and indicate that Gouterman's four-orbital model can be applied to these chromophores. This work highlights to which degree synthetic chlorin analogues can deviate from the structural parameters of natural chlorins without losing their electronic chlorin characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin E Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Adewole O Atoyebi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Michael P Luciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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2
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Ganguly G, Havlas Z, Michl J. Ab Initio Calculation of UV-vis Absorption of Parent Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn Metalloporphyrins. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10127-10142. [PMID: 38770816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Relativistic restricted active space (RAS) second-order multireference perturbation theory (MRPT2) methods, incorporating spin-orbit (SO) coupling perturbatively via state interaction (SO-MRPT2/RASSCF), were used to reproduce the absorption spectra of parent metalloporphyrins containing the Mg2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or FeCl2+ ions in the 12,500-40,000 cm-1 region. Particular attention was paid to the interaction between the porphyrin ring and the metal 3d electrons in states of different multiplicities (we used metal 3d and double d-shell or 3d' orbitals). For this class of compounds, the N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) method is superior to the complete active space perturbation theory (CASPT2) and successfully reproduces the energies of all four characteristic transitions (Q, B, N, and L) of closed-shell metalloporphyrins. Inclusion of SO coupling was found to have very little effect on excitation energies and oscillator strengths. For FeCl2+ porphyrin, we treated ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT; π,d), metal ligand field (d,d), and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT; d,π*) transitions within the same framework. The broad and intense spectral features associated with its B (Soret) band are attributed to multiconfigurational LMCT (d,π*) bands involving strong metal-ligand orbital mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurab Ganguly
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Havlas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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3
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Rajput SS, Raghuvanshi N, Banana T, Yadav P, Alam MM. Why does the orientation of azulene affect the two-photon activity of a porphyrinoid-azulene system? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15611-15619. [PMID: 38758026 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Attaching a dipolar molecule in a symmetric system induces a major change in the electronic structure, which may be reflected as the enhancement of the optical and charge-transfer properties of the combined system as compared to the pristine ones. Furthermore, the orientation of the dipolar molecule may also affect the said properties. This idea is explored in this work by taking porphyrinoid molecules as the pristine systems. We attached azulene, a dipolar molecule, at various positions of five porphyrinoid cores and studied the effect on charge-transfer and one- and two-photon absorption properties using the state-of-the-art RICC2 method. The attachment of azulene produces two major effects - firstly it introduces asymmetry in the system and, secondly, being dipolar, it makes the resultant molecule dipolar/quadrupolar. Porphyrin, N-confused porphyrin, sub-porphyrin, sapphyrin, and hexaphyrin are used as core porphyrinoid systems. The change in charge-transfer has been studied using the orbital analysis and charge-transfer distance parameter for the first five singlet states of the systems. The effect of orientation of azulene on the said properties is also explored. The insights gained from our observations are explored further at the dipole and transition dipole moment levels using a three-state model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
| | - Nikita Raghuvanshi
- Centre for Basic Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Tejendra Banana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
| | - Md Mehboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.
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4
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Xue S, Dong Y, Lv X, Qiu F, Wang Y, Furuta H, Teranishi T, Wu F. Stabilization of the Neutral [25]Hexaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0) Radical by Hetero-Bimetal-Coordination. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400812. [PMID: 38533748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Stabilization of hexaphyrin(1.0.1.0.1.0) (named "rosarin") in its 25π radical state is achieved using a hetero-bimetal-coordination strategy. The antiaromatic BF2 complex B-1 was first synthesized, and then rhodium ion was inserted into B-1 to produce the BF2/Rh(CO)2 mixed complex Rh-B-1 as a highly air-stable radical. The structures of B-1 and Rh-B-1 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractions, and the antiaromatic or radical character was identified by various spectroscopy evidence and theoretical calculations. Rh-B-1 exhibits excellent redox properties, enabling amphoteric aromatic-antiaromatic conversion to their 24/26π states. Compared to the 24/26π conjugation systems on the same skeleton, Rh-B-1 has the narrowest electrochemical and optical band gaps, with the longest absorption band at 1010 nm. The ring-current analysis reveals intense paratropic currents for B-1 and co-existing diatropic-paratropic currents for Rh-B-1. This hetero-bimetal-coordination system provides a novel platform for organic radical stabilization on porphyrinoids, showing the prospect of modulating ligand oxidation states through rational coordination design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fengxian Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Graduate School of Science and Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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5
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Abraham JA, Tsuruda H, Mori S, Ishida M, Furuta H. Synthesis and photothermal conversion properties of sandwich N-fused porphyrin rhodium-μ-dichloride dimer complexes: π-extended analog of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl dirhodium(III)-μ-dichloride dimer. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 251:112435. [PMID: 38016327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Anionic cyclopentadienyl (Cp) and its pentamethyl-substituted derivative (Cp*) serve as crucial ligands for creating stable π-coordinated materials, including catalysts. From a structural perspective, the π-extended analog of Cp, known as an N-fused porphyrin (NFP), is recognized as an intriguing 18π aromatic chromophore, offering near-infrared (NIR) optical properties that can be fine-tuned through metal complexation. When coordinated with rhodium at the central NFP core, it forms a sandwich binuclear rhodium(III) complex along with terminal and bridging chloride ligands, denoted as Rh-1, and its bromo derivative, Rh-1-Br. In contrast to the bis-NFP complex of iron(II) reported previously by our team, both Rh-1 and Rh-1-Br complexes exhibit strong NIR optical properties and narrow HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, attributed to minimal orbital interactions between the two co-facial NFP ligands. Leveraging these NIR absorption properties, we assessed the photothermal conversion properties of Rh-1 and ligand 1, revealing high conversion efficiency. This suggests their potential application as photothermal agents for use in photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Alex Abraham
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuruda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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6
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Huang NY, Zheng YT, Chen D, Chen ZY, Huang CZ, Xu Q. Reticular framework materials for photocatalytic organic reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7949-8004. [PMID: 37878263 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic organic reactions, harvesting solar energy to produce high value-added organic chemicals, have attracted increasing attention as a sustainable approach to address the global energy crisis and environmental issues. Reticular framework materials, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are widely considered as promising candidates for photocatalysis owing to their high crystallinity, tailorable pore environment and extensive structural diversity. Although the design and synthesis of MOFs and COFs have been intensively developed in the last 20 years, their applications in photocatalytic organic transformations are still in the preliminary stage, making their systematic summary necessary. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and useful guidelines for the exploration of suitable MOF and COF photocatalysts towards appropriate photocatalytic organic reactions. The commonly used reactions are categorized to facilitate the identification of suitable reaction types. From a practical viewpoint, the fundamentals of experimental design, including active species, performance evaluation and external reaction conditions, are discussed in detail for easy experimentation. Furthermore, the latest advances in photocatalytic organic reactions of MOFs and COFs, including their composites, are comprehensively summarized according to the actual active sites, together with the discussion of their structure-property relationship. We believe that this study will be helpful for researchers to design novel reticular framework photocatalysts for various organic synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chao-Zhu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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7
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Bhattacharya S, Nevonen DE, Auty AJ, Graf A, Appleby M, Chaudhri N, Chekulaev D, Brückner C, Chauvet AAP, Nemykin VN. Photophysical Exploration of Two Isomers of Octaethyltrioxopyrrocorphin. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7694-7706. [PMID: 37690121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of three β-oxosubstituents to octaethylporphyrin by means of an oxidation/rearrangement reaction generates the trioxopyrrocorphin chromophore. Pyrrocorphins (hexahydroporphyrins) are generally nonaromatic, but we recently demonstrated trioxopyrrocorphins to possess considerable aromatic character. This contribution explores the photophysical characteristics of these unusual chromophores. In agreement with density functional theory modeling, the UV-vis and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of the two─out of the four possible─triketone regioisomers investigated conform to the Gouterman model of porphyrinoid optical spectra, in alignment with their aromaticity. Their excited-state dynamics shed further light on the degree to which β-oxo substitutions tune the photophysical properties of porphyrinoids. Introduction of β-oxo functionalities increases the rate and yield of intersystem crossing and shortens the triplet state lifetime. Unexpectedly, the singlet oxygen generation yield of both pyrrocorphins remains relatively high, with modes of distortion from planarity likely enhancing triplet energy transfer. This work thus expands our understanding of a rare class of porphyrinoids and further characterizes them as sustaining aromatic porphyrinic π-systems. Our findings suggest triple β-oxo substitution as a viable route toward the development of novel, high-singlet oxygen yield porphyrinic photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Dustin E Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Alexander J Auty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Arthur Graf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Martin Appleby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Adrien A P Chauvet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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8
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Tarai A, Mallick J, Singh P, Conradie J, Kar S, Ghosh A. Free-Base Corrole Anion. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13022-13029. [PMID: 37647416 PMCID: PMC10763984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Free-base corroles have long been known to be acidic, readily undergoing deprotonation by mild bases and in polar solvents. The conjugate base, however, has not been structurally characterized until now. Presented here is a first crystal structure of a free-base corrole anion, derived from tris(p-cyanophenyl)corrole, as the tetrabuylammonium salt. The low-temperature (100 K) structure reveals localized hydrogens on a pair of opposite pyrrole nitrogens. DFT calculations identify such a structure as the global minimum but also point to two cis tautomers only 4-7 kcal/mol above the ground state. In terms of free energy, however, the cis tautomers are above or essentially flush with the trans-to-cis barrier so the cis tautomers are unlikely to exist or be observed as true intermediates. Thus, the hydrogen bond within each dipyrrin unit on either side of the molecular pseudo-C2 axis through C10 (i.e., between pyrrole rings A and B or between C and D) qualifies as or closely approaches a low-barrier hydrogen bond. Proton migration across the pseudo-C2 axis entails much higher activation energies >20 kcal/mol, reflecting the relative rigidity of the molecule along the C1-C19 pyrrole-pyrrole linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Tarai
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jyotiprakash Mallick
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Pranjali Singh
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic
of South Africa
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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9
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Lemon CM. Diversifying the functions of heme proteins with non-porphyrin cofactors. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112282. [PMID: 37320889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heme proteins perform diverse biochemical functions using a single iron porphyrin cofactor. This versatility makes them attractive platforms for the development of new functional proteins. While directed evolution and metal substitution have expanded the properties, reactivity, and applications of heme proteins, the incorporation of porphyrin analogs remains an underexplored approach. This review discusses the replacement of heme with non-porphyrin cofactors, such as porphycene, corrole, tetradehydrocorrin, phthalocyanine, and salophen, and the attendant properties of these conjugates. While structurally similar, each ligand exhibits distinct optical and redox properties, as well as unique chemical reactivity. These hybrids serve as model systems to elucidate the effects of the protein environment on the electronic structure, redox potentials, optical properties, or other features of the porphyrin analog. Protein encapsulation can confer distinct chemical reactivity or selectivity of artificial metalloenzymes that cannot be achieved with the small molecule catalyst alone. Additionally, these conjugates can interfere with heme acquisition and uptake in pathogenic bacteria, providing an inroad to innovative antibiotic strategies. Together, these examples illustrate the diverse functionality that can be achieved by cofactor substitution. The further expansion of this approach will access unexplored chemical space, enabling the development of superior catalysts and the creation of heme proteins with emergent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lemon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, PO Box 173400, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
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10
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Wu MM, Su J, Luo D, Cai BC, Zheng ZL, Bin DS, Li YY, Zhou XP. Ultrafast Photocatalytic Detoxification of Mustard Gas Simulants by a Mesoporous Metal-Organic Framework with Dangling Porphyrin Molecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301050. [PMID: 37162490 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective catalysts to degrade chemical warfare agents is of great significance. Herein, a mesoporous MIL-101(Cr) composite material dangled with porphyrin molecules (denote as TCPP@MIL-101(Cr), TCPP = tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) is reported, which can be used as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for detoxification of mustard gas simulants 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) to 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide (CEESO) with a half-life of 1 min. The catalytic performance of TCPP@MIL-101(Cr) is comparable to that of homogeneous molecular porphyrin. Mechanistic studies reveal that both 1 O2 and O2 •- are efficiently generated and play vital roles in the oxidation reaction. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are attached to the TCPP@MIL-101(Cr) to further enhance the catalytic activity with a benchmark half-life of 45 s, which is the fastest record so far. A medical mask loaded TCPP@MIL-101(Cr) is fabricated for practical applications, which can selectively photoxidize CEES to CEESO under sunlight and air atmosphere, exhibiting the best degradation performance among the reported fabric-like composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Juan Su
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Chen Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Lin Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - De-Shan Bin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Carrier of Guangdong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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11
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Qu Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhu W, Mack J, Molupe N, Nyokong T, Liang X. Methylthiophenyl- and Methylthiobiphenyl-Substituted A 2B Co IIIcorroles: Modulating Electrocatalyzed Hydrogen Evolution Reactions on Surface-Modified Gold Electrodes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4786-4798. [PMID: 36926857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Four A2B-type CoIIIcorroles (2a-2d) with electron-donating/withdrawing substituents at the A2 meso-aryl substituents and a 4-(methylthio)phenyl ring at the B position have been synthesized and characterized, along with a series of meso-extended CoIIIcorroles (4a-4c) with 4'-(methylthio)biphenyl moieties. The electronic structures and structure-property relationships of the dyes have been analyzed by comparing their redox and optical properties to trends predicted in density functional theory calculations. Au electrodes surface-modified with 2a-2d and 4a-4c are highly efficient catalysts for electrocatalyzed hydrogen evolution reactions, and the electrocatalytic properties can be readily modulated by fine-tuning the electronic structure of the CoIIIcorrole and the distance between the "Au-S" bond and CoIII center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | | | - Weihua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Nthabeleng Molupe
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
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12
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Lv N, Li Q, Zhu H, Mu S, Luo X, Ren X, Liu X, Li S, Cheng C, Ma T. Electrocatalytic Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine-Based Organic Frameworks: Building Blocks, Coordination Microenvironments, Structure-Performance Relationships. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206239. [PMID: 36599650 PMCID: PMC9982586 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-porphyrins or metal-phthalocyanines-based organic frameworks (POFs), an emerging family of metal-N-C materials, have attracted widespread interest for application in electrocatalysis due to their unique metal-N4 coordination structure, high conjugated π-electron system, tunable components, and chemical stability. The key challenges of POFs as high-performance electrocatalysts are the need for rational design for porphyrins/phthalocyanines building blocks and an in-depth understanding of structure-activity relationships. Herein, the synthesis methods, the catalytic activity modulation principles, and the electrocatalytic behaviors of 2D/3D POFs are summarized. Notably, detailed pathways are given for modulating the intrinsic activity of the M-N4 site by the microenvironments, including central metal ions, substituent groups, and heteroatom dopants. Meanwhile, the topology tuning and hybrid system, which affect the conjugation network or conductivity of POFs, are also considered. Furthermore, the representative electrocatalytic applications of structured POFs in efficient and environmental-friendly energy conversion areas, such as carbon dioxide reduction reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and water splitting are briefly discussed. Overall, this comprehensive review focusing on the frontier will provide multidisciplinary and multi-perspective guidance for the subsequent experimental and theoretical progress of POFs and reveal their key challenges and application prospects in future electrocatalytic energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Huang Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Shengdong Mu
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Xianglin Luo
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Xiancheng Ren
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Xikui Liu
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
- Med‐X Center for MaterialsSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Tian Ma
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
- Department of UltrasoundWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
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13
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Sun Y, Wu F, Gao H, Zhi X, Zhao Y, Shen Z. Copper naphthoporphyrin showing enhanced water-solubility by nano-encapsulation and efficient photoacoustic response. Supramol Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2023.2175678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Kohn J, Bursch M, Hansen A, Grimme S. Computational study of ground-state properties of μ 2 -bridged group 14 porphyrinic sandwich complexes. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:229-239. [PMID: 35470911 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The structural properties of μ2 -bridged porphyrinic double-decker complexes are investigated and the influence of various ligands, metals, substituents, and bridging atoms on the dominant structural motif is elucidated. A variety of quantum chemical methods including semiempirical (SQM) methods and density functional theory (DFT) is assessed for the calculation of ecliptic and staggered conformational energies. Local coupled cluster (DLPNO-CCSD(T1)) data are generated for reference. The r2 SCAN-3c composite scheme as well as the B2PLYP-D4/def2-QZVPP approach are identified as reliable methods. Energy decomposition analyses (EDA) and localized molecular orbital analyses (LMO) are used to investigate the bonding situation and the nature of the inter-ligand interaction energy underlining the crucial role of attractive London dispersion interactions. Targeted modification of the bridging atom, e.g., by replacing O2- by S2- is shown to drastically change the major structural features of the investigated complexes. Further, the influence of different substituents of varying size at the phthalocyanine ligand regarding the dominant conformation is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Liu L, Kim J, Xu L, Rao Y, Zhou M, Yin B, Oh J, Kim D, Osuka A, Song J. Synthesis of Subporphyrin Free Bases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214342. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spetroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electron Systems and Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System and Department of Chemistry Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spetroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electron Systems and Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
- Division of Energy Materials Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Ministry of Educational of China Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
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16
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Zatsikha YV, Schrage BR, Blesener TS, Harrison LA, Ziegler CJ, Nemykin VN. Meso
‐Carbon Atom Nucleophilic Attack Susceptibility in the Sterically Strained Antiaromatic Bis‐BODIPY Macrocycle and Extended Electron‐Deficient BODIPY Precursor**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201261. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy V. Zatsikha
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Briana R. Schrage
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee – Knoxville Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Tanner S. Blesener
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee – Knoxville Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Laurel A. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee – Knoxville Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | | | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee – Knoxville Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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17
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Wei Y, Zhao L, Yuan R, Xue Z, Mack J, Chiyumba C, Nyokong T, Zhang J. Promotion of Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions: The Utility of Proton Management Substituents on Cobalt Porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13085-13095. [PMID: 35943152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three ABAB-type cobalt meso-tetraarylporphyrins with fluorine (F-CoPor), acetic acid (AC-CoPor), and cyanoacetic acid (CN-CoPor) groups at the para-positions of phenyl rings at the 10,20-positions are synthesized and evaluated as catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). In density functional theory calculations, the frontier molecular orbitals of these complexes were found to be stabilized relative to model complexes with electron-withdrawing atoms or moieties on the meso-aryl rings. Electrochemical measurements suggest that electrodes with CN-CoPor (CN-CoPor/C) exhibit the most positive ORR potential values and the highest limiting current density in both acidic and alkali electrolytes, while the F-CoPor/C electrocatalyst exhibits extremely low ORR performance. The electron transfer numbers for the electrocatalysts are more than 3.0, indicating that a mixture of 2- and 4-electron transfer pathways occurs. The results demonstrate that coupling the hydrogen bonding properties and electron-withdrawing abilities through rational design of the substituent at the meso-position is an efficient way to modify the ORR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Choonzo Chiyumba
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Jianming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
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18
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He Y, Zhu B, Li Q, Baryshnikov G, Fang YH, Li C, Sha F, Wu XY, Wang BW, Ågren H, Xie Y. Chain Length Modulated Dimerization and Cyclization of Terminal Thienyl-Blocked Oligopyrranes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5428-5432. [PMID: 35838541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of thienyl-blocked bilane and pentapyrrane afforded chain length dependent products of the symmetric dimer D1 and the thienyloligopyrrin-appended pentaphyrin analogue P2, respectively, with the latter formed by simultaneous dimerization and cyclization. Coordination of D1 and P2 with Cu(II) afforded di- and monometallic complexes D1-Cu2 and P2-Cu, respectively. These compounds exhibit distinct NIR absorption, with the absorption tail of D1-Cu2 extended to ca. 1900 nm despite its smaller conjugation framework than that of P2-Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science & Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Yu-Hui Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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19
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Shetti VS. Conformationally rigid, π-extended annulated porphyrinoids derived from the naphthobipyrrole motif. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4452-4470. [PMID: 35579080 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00566b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Extension in porphyrinoids can be achieved by fusing additional aromatic rings onto the macrocycle's periphery and such porphyrinoids are referred to as annulated porphyrinoids. Annulated porphyrinoids display contrasting properties in comparison with their non-annulated congeners. While an annulation strategy can create π-extended systems, the simultaneous incorporation of conformational rigidity in such porphyrinoids can ensure that they adopt a planar structure, and the advantages associated with the extended π-network can be leveraged. Hence, while synthesizing such porphyrinoids, judicial selection of the precursor becomes important. The ease of synthesis and the presence of a β-β'-linked o-phenylene bridge qualify 3,8-1,10-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrrolo[3,2-g]indole, commonly known as naphthobipyrrole, to be one such precursor suitable for the synthesis of conformationally rigid annulated porphyrinoids. This field of study has started to bloom only in the last decade and the examples reported so far are confined to the naphtho-versions of porphycenes (isomeric porphyrin), a few members of the aromatic/antiaromatic expanded porphyrinoids, and calix[n]bipyrroles. In view of this, the current review article aims to summarize the up-to-date developments in this area and discusses the synthesis, structure, and properties of the reported naphthobipyrrole-derived annulated porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendra S Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India.
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20
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Ishimaru Y, Takahashi F, Mochizuki S, Hosoda N, Fujihara T. syn and anti Metal Complexes of 24π Antiaromatic Bis(dicarbonylrhodium(I))dithiaamethyrin. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200198. [PMID: 35514150 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
From the reaction of sterically less hindered tetrapropyl[24]dithiaamethyrin(1.0.0.1.0.0) 5, with [Rh(CO)2Cl]2, a unique anti form of the bis(dicarbonylrhodium(I)) complex (6-anti), where two rhodium ions are on the opposite faces of the macrocyclic ligand, was isolated for the first time in 12% yield along with the corresponding syn isomer (6-syn, 61% yield). These structures were characterized in detail by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Compound 6-syn exhibited a bowl-shaped structure with the two rhodium atoms separated by a distance of ~4.5 Å. In contrast, 6-anti contained a wave-shaped macrocycle with a distance of ~5.3 Å between the two rhodium atoms. Furthermore, the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and density functional theory calculation results revealed that 6-anti had a stronger paratropic ring current and a more planar structure than 6-syn. The isolation of both 6-anti and 6-syn enabled the structure-property relationship to be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ishimaru
- Saitama University, Division of Material Science,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku,, 3388570, Saitama, JAPAN
| | - Fumiya Takahashi
- Saitama University: Saitama Daigaku, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Samu Mochizuki
- Saitama University: Saitama Daigaku, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Natsuki Hosoda
- Saitama University: Saitama Daigaku, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, JAPAN
| | - Takashi Fujihara
- Saitama University: Saitama Daigaku, Comprehensive Analysis Center for Science, JAPAN
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21
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Dingiswayo S, Burgess K, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of Free-Base Tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl)chlorin and Its Tin(IV) Complex. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200115. [PMID: 35604018 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Meso-tetra(4-methylthiolphenyl)chlorin (3) and its Sn(IV) complex (3-Sn) have been synthesized and characterized. The heavy atom effects of the Sn(IV) ion and sulfur atoms result in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.40 and 0.48. The photodynamic activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells were determined through irradiation with a Thorlabs 660 nm LED for 30 min (280 mW.cm-2 ). IC50 values of 7.8 and 3.9 μM were obtained, respectively. 3-Sn was found to have significant photodynamic antimicrobial activity against both gram-(+) S. aureus and gram-(-) E. coli bacteria upon irradiation with a Thorlabs 660 nm LED for 75 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somila Dingiswayo
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Kristen Burgess
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
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22
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Novak I. Photoionization of tetrapyrrole macrocycles: Porphyrin isomers and corrole tautomers. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Sahoo SS, Sahoo S, Panda PK. Monothia [22]pentaphyrin(2.0.1.1.0): a core-modified isomer of sapphyrin. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6526-6532. [PMID: 35438106 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00698g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel 22π-aromatic sapphyrin isomer endowed with an acene moiety was designed and realised for the first time as a core-modified monothia analogue. This macrocycle exhibited absorption and emission in the near-infrared region. It was diprotonated under strongly acidic conditions and bound to anions like sapphyrin. It showed unusual coordination chemistry, acting as a neutral ligand and undergoing large out-of-plane deformation to bind Pd(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameeta Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
| | - Pradeepta K Panda
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
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24
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Morimoto Y, Koo YH, Otsubo K, Kitakado H, Seki S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Dibenzodiazapyracylenes: Doubly N‐Doped Cyclopenta‐Fused Polycyclic Molecules That Exhibit High Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200341. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuya Otsubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Kitakado
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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25
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Thuita DW, Brückner C. Metal Complexes of Porphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7990-8052. [PMID: 35302354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block(s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs), porphyrinoids of broad structural variability. The wide range of coordination environments (type, number, charge, and architecture of the donor atoms) that the pyrrole-modified frameworks provide to the central metal ions, the frequent presence of donor atoms at their periphery, and their often observed nonplanarity or conformational flexibility distinguish the complexes of the PMPs clearly from those of the traditional square-planar, dianionic, N4-coordinating (hydro)porphyrins. Their different coordination properties suggest their utilization in areas beyond which regular metalloporphyrins are suitable. Following a general introduction to the synthetic methodologies available to generate pyrrole-modified porphyrins, their general structure, history, coordination chemistry, and optical properties, this Review highlights the chemical, electronic (optical), and structural differences of specific classes of metalloporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles. The focus is on macrocycles with similar "tetrapyrrolic" architectures as porphyrins, thusly excluding the majority of expanded porphyrins. We highlight the relevance and application of these metal complexes in biological and technical fields as chemosensors, catalysts, photochemotherapeutics, or imaging agents. This Review provides an introduction to the field of metallo-PMPs as well as a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the art of their synthesis, structures, and properties. It also aims to provide encouragement for the further study of these intriguing and structurally versatile metalloporphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Waiyigo Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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26
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Gao H, Wu F, Zhao Y, Zhi X, Sun Y, Shen Z. Highly Stable Neutral Corrole Radical: Amphoteric Aromatic-Antiaromatic Switching and Efficient Photothermal Conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3458-3467. [PMID: 35170957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of novel stable radical systems that survive and may be manipulated under harsh conditions is essential for their practical applications, such as energy storage and conversion materials. Here, we present a facile synthesis of an electrically neutral benzo-fused nickel corrole radical that shows remarkable photo- and thermal stability. The carbon-based organic radical character was confirmed using electron spin resonance and spin population analyses. This radical may be reversibly converted to its aromatic or antiaromatic ion via a one-electron redox process, as indicated by nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts and theoretical calculations. Notably, the antiaromatic state is stable, showing intense ring currents with complex pathways. The spectroscopic characteristics and calculated molecular orbitals of the corrole radical exhibit a combination of aromatic and antiaromatic features. On the basis of the aromatic light-harvesting property and antiaromatic emission-free character, the corrole radical exhibits highly robust, efficient photothermal energy conversion in water after encapsulation within nanoparticles, with the unpaired spin simultaneously retained. These results provide a fundamental understanding of the relationship between the (anti)aromaticity and photophysical properties of a porphyrinoid radical and a promising platform for the design of radical-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yufen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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27
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Morimoto Y, Koo YH, Otsubo K, Kitakado H, Seki S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Dibenzodiazapyracylenes: Doubly N‐Doped Cyclopenta‐fused Polycyclic Molecules That Exhibit High Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Molecular Engineering JAPAN
| | | | | | - Shu Seki
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Molecular Engineering JAPAN
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28
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Low-Symmetry Phthalocyanines Bearing Carboxy-Groups: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Quantum-Chemical Characterization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020524. [PMID: 35056834 PMCID: PMC8781019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of A3B-type phthalocyanines, ZnPc1–4, bearing bulky 2,6-diisopropylphenoxy-groups or chlorine atoms on isoindoline units “A” and either one or two carboxylic anchors on isoindoline unit “B” are reported. A comparison of molecular modelling with the conventional time dependent—density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach and its simplified sTD-DFT approximation provides further evidence that the latter method accurately reproduces the key trends in the spectral properties, providing colossal savings in computer time for quite large molecules. This demonstrates that it is a valuable tool for guiding the rational design of new phthalocyanines for practical applications.
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29
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Kim J, Kim H, Oh J, Kim D. Ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer driven by excited‐state antiaromaticity in metallohexaphyrins. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry Soonchunhyang University Asan Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Soonchunhyang University Asan Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul Korea
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30
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Lavarda G, Labella J, Martínez-Díaz MV, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Osuka A, Torres T. Recent advances in subphthalocyanines and related subporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9482-9619. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Subporphyrinoids constitute a class of extremely versatile and attractive compounds. Herein, a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lavarda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. A Sn( iv) porphyrin with mitochondria targeting properties for enhanced photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A Sn(iv) porphyrin with a mitochondria targeting triphenylphosphonium moiety has a high ΦΔ value (ca. 0.72) and does not aggregate in aqueous solution. The dye exhibits favorable photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 2.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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32
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Verma PK, Sawant SD. Unravelling reaction selectivities via bio-inspired porphyrinoid tetradentate frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Niu Y, Wang L, Guo Y, Zhu W, Soy R, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T, Xu HJ, Liang X. GaIIItriarylcorroles with Push-Pull Substitutions: Synthesis, Electronic Structure and Biomedical Applications. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10543-10551. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two A2B type H3corroles and two GaIIItriarylcorroles with carbazole substitutions at 10-positions were synthesized and characterized. An analysis of structure-property relationships of the corroles have been carried out by investigating...
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34
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Kim J, Oh J, Park S, Yoneda T, Osuka A, Lim M, Kim D. Modulations of a Metal-Ligand Interaction and Photophysical Behaviors by Hückel-Möbius Aromatic Switching. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:582-589. [PMID: 34967619 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In organometallic complexes containing π-conjugated macrocyclic chelate ligands, conformational change significantly affects metal-ligand electronic interactions, hence tuning properties of the complexes. In this regard, we investigated the metal-ligand interactions in hexaphyrin mono-Pd(II) complexes Pd[28]M and Pd[26]H, which exhibit a redox-induced switching of Hückel-Möbius aromaticity and subsequent molecular conformation, and their effect on the electronic structure and photophysical behaviors. In Möbius aromatic Pd[28]M, the weak metal-ligand interaction leads to the π electronic structure of the hexaphyrin ligand remaining almost intact, which undergoes efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) assisted by the heavy-atom effect of the Pd metal. In Hückel aromatic Pd[26]H, the significant metal-ligand interaction results in ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) in the excited-state dynamics. These contrasting metal-ligand electronic interactions have been revealed by time-resolved electronic and vibrational spectroscopies and time-dependent DFT calculations. This work indicates that the conspicuous modulation of metal-ligand interaction by Hückel-Möbius aromaticity switching is an appealing approach to manipulate molecular properties of metal complexes, further enabling the fine-tuning of metal-ligand interactions and the novel design of functional organometallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungnam 31538, Korea
| | - Seongchul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Manho Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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35
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Kim J, Oh J, Osuka A, Kim D. Porphyrinoids, a unique platform for exploring excited-state aromaticity. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:268-292. [PMID: 34879124 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00742d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Baird (anti)aromaticity has been referred to as a description of excited-state (anti)aromaticity. With the term of Baird's rule, recent studies have intensively verified that the Hückel aromatic [4n + 2]π (or antiaromatic [4n]π) molecules in the ground state are reversed to give Baird aromatic [4n]π (or Baird antiaromatic [4n + 2]π) molecules in the excited states. Since the Hückel (anti)aromaticity has great influence on the molecular properties and reaction mechanisms, the Baird (anti)aromaticity has been expected to act as a dominant factor in governing excited-state properties and processes, which has attracted intensive scientific investigations for the verification of the concept of reversed aromaticity in the excited states. In this scientific endeavor, porphyrinoids have recently played leading roles in the demonstration of the aromaticity reversal in the excited states and its conceptual development. The distinct structural and electronic nature of porphyhrinoids depending on their (anti)aromaticity allow the direct observation of excited-state aromaticity reversal, Baird's rule. The explicit experimental demonstration with porphyrinoids has contributed greatly to its conceptual development and application in novel functional organic materials. Based on the significant role of porphyrinoids in the field of excited-state aromaticity, this review provides an overview of the experimental verification of the reversal concept of excited-state aromaticity by porphyrinoids and the recent progress on its conceptual application in novel functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea.
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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36
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Drzewiecka-Matuszek A, Rutkowska-Zbik D. Application of TD-DFT Theory to Studying Porphyrinoid-Based Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:7176. [PMID: 34885763 PMCID: PMC8658767 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An important focus for innovation in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is theoretical investigations. They employ mostly methods based on Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) to study the photochemical properties of photosensitizers. In the current article we review the existing state-of-the-art TD-DFT methods (and beyond) which are employed to study the properties of porphyrinoid-based systems. The review is organized in such a way that each paragraph is devoted to a separate aspect of the PDT mechanism, e.g., correct prediction of the absorption spectra, determination of the singlet-triplet intersystem crossing, and interaction with molecular oxygen. Aspects of the calculation schemes are discussed, such as the choice of the most suitable functional and inclusion of a solvent. Finally, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods used to explore the photochemistry of porphyrinoid-based systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Rutkowska-Zbik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
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37
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Kaur G, Sinha A, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of Mono
β
‐Pyrrole Substituted Triphyrin(2.1.1)s. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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38
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Brückner C, Chaudhri N, Nevonen DE, Bhattacharya S, Graf A, Kaesmann E, Li R, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Mani T, Nimthong-Roldán A, Zeller M, Chauvet AAP, Nemykin V. Structural and Photophysical Characterization of All Five Constitutional Isomers of the Octaethyl-β,β'-dioxo-bacterio- and -isobacteriochlorin Series. Chemistry 2021; 27:16189-16203. [PMID: 34535932 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that treatment of β-octaethylporphyrin with H2 O2 /conc. H2 SO4 converts it to a β-oxochlorin as well as all five constitutional isomers of the corresponding β,β'-dioxo-derivatives: two bacteriochlorin-type isomers (β-oxo groups at opposite pyrrolic building blocks) and three isobacteriochlorin-type isomers (β-oxo-groups at adjacent pyrrolic building blocks). By virtue of the presence of the strongly electronically coupled β-oxo auxochromes, none of the chromophores are archetypical chlorins, bacteriochlorins, or isobacteriochlorins. Here the authors present, inter alia, the single crystal X-ray structures of all free-base diketone isomers and a comparative description of their UV-vis absorption spectra in neutral and acidic solutions, and fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen photosensitization properties, Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) spectra, and singlet excited state lifetimes. DFT computations uncover underlying tautomeric equilibria and electronic interactions controlling their electronic properties, adding to the understanding of porphyrinoids carrying β-oxo functionalities. This comparative study lays the basis for their further study and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Dustin E Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2 N2, Canada
| | - Sayantan Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Graf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Kaesmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Ruoshi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | | | - Tomoyasu Mani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Arunpatcha Nimthong-Roldán
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555-3663, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555-3663, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, United States
| | - Adrien A P Chauvet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2 N2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 552 Buehler Hall, 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-1600, United States
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39
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Osadchuk I, Aav R, Borovkov V, Clot E. Chirogenesis in Zinc Porphyrins: Theoretical Evaluation of Electronic Transitions, Controlling Structural Factors and Axial Ligation. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1817-1833. [PMID: 34213815 PMCID: PMC8457158 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, sixteen different zinc porphyrins (possessing different meso substituents) with and without a chiral guest were modelled using DFT and TD-DFT approaches in order to understand the influence of various controlling factors on electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Two major aspects are influenced by these factors: excitation energy of the electronic transitions and their intensity. In the case of excitation energy, the influence increases in the following order: orientation of the peripheral substituents
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Osadchuk
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of ScienceTallinn University of Technology AddressAkadeemia tee 1512618TallinnEstonia
- ICGMUniv MontpellierCNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of ScienceTallinn University of Technology AddressAkadeemia tee 1512618TallinnEstonia
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of ScienceTallinn University of Technology AddressAkadeemia tee 1512618TallinnEstonia
| | - Eric Clot
- ICGMUniv MontpellierCNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
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40
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Rauhalahti M, Sundholm D, Johansson MP. Magnetically induced ring currents in naphthalene-fused heteroporphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16629-16634. [PMID: 34338707 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The magnetically induced current density of an intriguing naphthalene-fused heteroporphyrin has been studied, using the quantum-chemical, gauge-including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) method. The ring-current strengths and current-density pathways for the heteroporphyrin, its Pd complex, and the analogous quinoline-fused heteroporphyrin provide detailed information about their aromatic properties. The three porphyrinoids have similar current-density pathways and are almost as aromatic as free-base porphyrin. Notably, we show that the global ring current makes a branch at three specific points. Thus, the global current is composed of a total of eight pathways that include 22 π-electrons, with no contributions from 18-electron pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rauhalahti
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens Plats 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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41
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Sn(IV) N-confused porphyrins as photosensitizer dyes for photodynamic therapy in the near IR region. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:15180-15183. [PMID: 33107524 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The utility of Sn(iv) N-confused porphyrin (SnNCP) for use as photosensitizer dyes in photodynamic therapy is investigated. SnNCP has an unusually high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.72 in DMSO. IC50 values of 1.6 and 12.8 μM were obtained against MCF-7 cells upon irradiation with 660 and 780 nm LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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42
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Ueta K, Nakai A, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Synthesis of 8,12-Dibromocorrole and Its Transformation to Antiaromatic 8,10-Fused Iminoisocorrole with a Polarized Resonance Contribution. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2253-2256. [PMID: 34124860 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
8,12-Dibromo-5,15-bis(pentafluorophenyl)corrole and its Ag(III) complex were prepared via intramolecular oxidative coupling of a 8,12-dibromobilane precursor. The Ag(III) complex was allowed for further transformation via Suzuki coupling reaction. Thus, 2-aminophenyl group was coupled at one of the β-positions, and subsequent demetalation followed by oxidation with MnO2 afforded 8,10-fused iminoisocorrole in good yields. The iminoisocorrole exhibited weak antiaromaticity due to the C(+)-N(-) polarized resonance contribution as evidenced by 1 H NMR spectrum, UV/vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ueta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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43
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Solar Driven Photocatalytic Activity of Porphyrin Sensitized TiO 2: Experimental and Computational Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113131. [PMID: 34073887 PMCID: PMC8197238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of a secure long-term sustainable energy supply is recognized as a major worldwide technological challenge. The generation of H2 through photocatalysis is an environmentally friendly alternative that can help solve the energy problem. Thus, the development of semiconductor materials that can absorb solar light is an attractive approach. TiO2 has a wide bandgap that suffers from no activity in the visible spectrum, limiting its use of solar radiation. In this research, the semiconductor absorption profile was extended into the visible region of the solar spectrum by preparing porphyrin-TiO2 (P-TiO2) composites of meso-tetra(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin (PP1) and meso-tetra(5-bromo-2-thienyl)porphyrin (PP2) and their In(III), Zn(II) and Ga(III) metal complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were performed on the porphyrins to gain insight into their electron injection capability. The results demonstrate that P-TiO2 systems merit further in-depth study for applications that require efficient photocatalytic H2 generation.
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Ueta K, Kim J, Ooi S, Oh J, Shin J, Nakai A, Lim M, Tanaka T, Kim D, Osuka A. meso-Oxoisocorroles: Tunable Antiaromaticity by Metalation and Coordination of Lewis Acids as Well as Aromaticity Reversal in the Triplet Excited State. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7958-7967. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ueta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
| | - Juhyang Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Akito Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Manho Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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45
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. An octabrominated Sn(iv) tetraisopropylporphyrin as a photosensitizer dye for singlet oxygen biomedical applications. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:9568-9573. [PMID: 32578634 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two novel Sn(iv) tetraisopropylphenylporphyrins have been synthesized to explore the effect of octabromination at the β-pyrrole positions on their photophysical properties and photodynamic activity. The lower energy Q band of an octabrominated complex lies at 675 nm well within the therapeutic window. The octabrominated dye has a relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.78 in DMF and exhibits favorable photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 10.7 μM and a 5.74 log reduction value (5 μM) towards S. aureus under illumination at 660 nm for 60 min with a Thorlabs M660L3 LED (280 mW cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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46
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic activity of Sn(IV) tetrathien-2-ylchlorin against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2177-2182. [PMID: 33496304 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new readily-synthesized Sn(iv) tetraarylchlorin with thien-2-yl substituents (SnC) has been prepared and fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and its photophysical and photochemical properties, such as the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ), fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF), triplet lifetime (τT) and photostability, have been evaluated. SnC has an unusually high ΦΔ value of 0.89 in DMF. Studies on the photodynamic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibited a very low IC50 value of 0.9 μM and high phototoxicity (dark versus light) indices of >27.8 after irradiation with a 660 nm Thorlabs LED (280 mW cm-2). The results demonstrate that Sn(iv) tetraarylchlorins of this type are suitable candidates for further in-depth PDT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
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47
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Maulbetsch T, Kunz D. Carbenaporphyrins: No Longer Missing Ligands in N-Heterocyclic Carbene Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2007-2012. [PMID: 33078891 PMCID: PMC7898644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an NHC-containing porphyrinoid ligand is presented. The formally antiaromatic 20 πe- macrocyclic framework can be obtained via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ("click-reaction") to form two triazole moieties which were alkylated to the respective triazolium macrocycle. Deprotonation of the ligand precursor with lithium bases to the respective dilithio carbenaporphyrin complex and transmetallation to scandium lead to complexes that exhibit orange fluorescence. Optical property combined with TD-DFT studies verify an aromatic character for each heterocyclic moiety rather than an antiaromatic macrocycle in the ligand precursor as well as in the complexes. While the geometric features of the carbenaporphyrin ligand strongly resemble those of porphyrin, DFT calculations reveal a stronger electron-donating ability of the new ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Maulbetsch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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48
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Maulbetsch T, Kunz D. Carbenaporphyrine: eine Lücke in der Chemie N‐heterocyclischer Carbene schließt sich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Maulbetsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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49
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. A heavy-atom-free π-extended N-confused porphyrin as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A heavy-atom-free π-extended N-confused porphyrin is reported that is suitable for use as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in both the green region and therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda
- South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda
- South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda
- South Africa
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50
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Borges-Martínez M, Montenegro-Pohlhammer N, Cárdenas-Jirón G. The bimetallic and the anchoring group effects on both optical and charge transport properties of hexaphyrin amethyrin. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic Cu(ii)-hexaphyrin amethyrin proposed as a molecular switch operated by the application of an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlys Borges-Martínez
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Nicolás Montenegro-Pohlhammer
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
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