1
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Bonab MKF, Guo Z, Li Q. Glycosphingolipids: from metabolism to chemoenzymatic total synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6665-6683. [PMID: 39120686 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
GSLs are the major glycolipids in vertebrates and mediate many key biological processes from intercellular recognition to cis regulation of signal transduction. The fast-expanding field of glycobiology has led to a growing demand for diverse and structurally defined GSLs, and enzymatic GSL synthesis is developing rapidly in accordance. This article provides an overview of natural GSL biosynthetic pathways and surveys the bacterial enzymes applied to GSL synthesis and recent progress in synthesis strategies. By correlating these three areas, this article aims to define the gaps between GSL biosynthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis and evaluate the opportunities for harnessing natural forces to access GSLs efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra K F Bonab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA.
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA.
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2
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Holey S, Nayak RR. Harnessing Glycolipids for Supramolecular Gelation: A Contemporary Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25513-25538. [PMID: 38911776 PMCID: PMC11190938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Within the scope of this review, our exploration spans diverse facets of amphiphilic glycolipid-based low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs). This journey explores glycolipid synthesis, self-assembly, and gelation with tailorable properties. It begins by examining the design of glycolipids and their influence on gel formation. Following this, a brief exploration of several gel characterization techniques adds another layer to the understanding of these materials. The final section is dedicated to unraveling the various applications of these glycolipid-based supramolecular gels. A meticulous analysis of available glycolipid gelators and their correlations with desired properties for distinct applications is a pivotal aspect of their investigation. As of the present moment, there exists a notable absence of a review dedicated exclusively to glycolipid gelators. This study aims to bridge this critical gap by presenting an overview that provides novel insights into their unique properties and versatile applications. This holistic examination seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of molecular design, structural characteristics, and functional applications of glycolipid gelators by offering insights that can propel advancements in these converging scientific disciplines. Overall, this review highlights the diverse classifications of glycolipid-derived gelators and particularly emphasizes their capacity to form gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal
Ashokrao Holey
- Department
of Oils, Lipid Science and Technology, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rati Ranjan Nayak
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Institute
of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
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3
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Liu Y, Yan M, Wang M, Luo S, Wang S, Luo Y, Xu Z, Ma W, Wen L, Li T. Stereoconvergent and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Tumor-Associated Glycolipid Disialosyl Globopentaosylceramide for Probing the Binding Affinity of Siglec-7. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:417-425. [PMID: 38435515 PMCID: PMC10906248 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Disialosyl globopentaosylceramide (DSGb5) is a tumor-associated complex glycosphingolipid. However, the accessibility of structurally well-defined DSGb5 for precise biological functional studies remains challenging. Herein, we describe the first total synthesis of DSGb5 glycolipid by an efficient chemoenzymatic approach. A Gb5 pentasaccharide-sphingosine was chemically synthesized by a convergent and stereocontrolled [2 + 3] method using an oxazoline disaccharide donor to exclusively form β-anomeric linkage. After investigating the substrate specificity of different sialyltransferases, regio- and stereoselective installment of two sialic acids was achieved by two sequential enzyme-catalyzed reactions using α2,3-sialyltransferase Cst-I and α2,6-sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc5. A unique aspect of the approach is that methyl-β-cyclodextrin-assisted enzymatic α2,6-sialylation of glycolipid substrate enables installment of the challenging internal α2,6-linked sialoside to synthesize DSGb5 glycosphingolipid. Surface plasmon resonance studies indicate that DSGb5 glycolipid exhibits better binding affinity for Siglec-7 than the oligosaccharide moiety of DSGb5. The binding results suggest that the ceramide moiety of DSGb5 facilitates its binding by presenting multivalent interactions of glycan epitope for the recognition of Siglec-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengkun Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiwei Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yawen Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Ando H, Komura N. Recent progress in the synthesis of glycosphingolipids. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102423. [PMID: 38184907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
To accelerate the biological study and application of the diverse functions of glycosphingolipids (GSLs), the production of structurally defined GSLs has been greatly demanded. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of GSLs. In the chemical synthesis section, the syntheses based on glucosyl ceramide cassette, late-stage sialylation, and diversity-oriented strategies for GSLs or ganglioside synthesis are highlighted, which delivered terpioside B, fluorescent sialyl lactotetraosyl ceramide, and analogs of lacto-ganglio-series GSLs, respectively. In the chemoenzymatic synthesis section, the synthesis of ganglioside GM1 by multistep one-pot multienzyme method and the total synthesis of highly complex ganglioside LLG-5 using a water-soluble lactosyl ceramide as a key substrate for enzymatic sialylation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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5
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Jin X, Cheng H, Chen X, Cao X, Xiao C, Ding F, Qu H, Wang PG, Feng Y, Yang GY. A modular chemoenzymatic cascade strategy for the structure-customized assembly of ganglioside analogs. Commun Chem 2024; 7:17. [PMID: 38238524 PMCID: PMC10796935 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides play vital biological regulatory roles and are associated with neurological system diseases, malignancies, and immune deficiencies. They have received extensive attention in developing targeted drugs and diagnostic markers. However, it is difficult to obtain enough structurally defined gangliosides and analogs especially at an industrial-relevant scale, which prevent exploring structure-activity relationships and identifying drug ingredients. Here, we report a highly modular chemoenzymatic cascade assembly (MOCECA) strategy for customized and large-scale synthesis of ganglioside analogs with various glycan and ceramide epitopes. We typically accessed five gangliosides with therapeutic promising and systematically prepared ten GM1 analogs with diverse ceramides. Through further process amplification, we achieved industrial production of ganglioside GM1 in the form of modular assembly at hectogram scale. Using MOCECA-synthesized GM1 analogs, we found unique ceramide modifications on GM1 could enhance the ability to promote neurite outgrowth. By comparing the structures with synthetic analogs, we further resolved the problem of contradicting descriptions for GM1 components in different pharmaceutical documents by reinterpreting the exact two-component structures of commercialized GM1 drugs. Because of its applicability and stability, the MOCECA strategy can be extended to prepare other glycosphingolipid structures, which may pave the way for developing new glycolipid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Hanchao Cheng
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengling Ding
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Huirong Qu
- Glycogene LLC, 10th Floor, Building 3, Wuhan Precision Medicine Industrial Base, East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Bhoge PR, Raigawali R, Mardhekar S, Anand S, Kikkeri R. Synergestic interplay of uronic acid and sulfation composition of heparan sulfate on molecular recognition to activity. Carbohydr Res 2023; 532:108919. [PMID: 37557021 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitous polysaccharide on the surface of all mammalian cells and extracellular matrices. The incredible structural complexity of HS arises from its sulfation patterns and disaccharide compositions, which orchestrate a wide range of biological activities. Researchers have developed elegant synthetic methods to obtain well-defined HS oligosaccharides to understand the structure-activity relationship. These studies revealed that specific sulfation codes and uronic acid variants could synergistically modulate HS-protein interactions (HSPI). Additionally, the conformational flexibility of l-Iduronic acid, a uronic acid unit has emerged as a critical factor in fine-tuning the microenvironment to modulate HSPI. This review delineates how uronic acid composition in HS modulates protein binding affinity, selectivity, and biological activity. Finally, the significance of sulfated homo-oligo uronic acid as heparin mimics in drug development is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ravindra Bhoge
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Rakesh Raigawali
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Sandhya Mardhekar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Saurabh Anand
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 4110008, India.
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7
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Chiang YC, Wu CY, Chiang PY, Adak AK, Lin CC. A concise chemoenzymatic total synthesis of neutral Globo-series glycosphingolipids Globo A and Globo B, and Forssman and para-Forssman antigens. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:551-563. [PMID: 37606864 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Globo A is a neutral Globo-series glycosphingolipid (GSL) that shows natural properties of a cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 binding ligand. The highly complex heptasaccharide glycan structure of Globo A combined with its biological profile provides a unique target for the development of a synthetic method to facilitate its bioactivity studies. Here, a concise chemoenzymatic route to the synthesis of Globo A and its α1,3-galactose-linked congener Globo B is reported. The key to success was the use of a synthetic azido β-Globo H sphingosine (Globo H-βSph) as an acceptor substrate and two glycosyl transferases, an α1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from Helicobacter mustelae (BgtA) and a human blood group B α1,3-galactosyltransferase (h1,3GTB), for stereoselective construction of the terminal α1,3-GalNAc and α1,3-Gal linkages, respectively. The azido-Sph lipid sidechain is further elaborated by reduction and a chemoselective N-acylation to complete the total synthesis of the neutral Globo-series GSLs. In addition, the synthesis of Forssman and para-Forssman antigens were prepared. The strategy may be suitable for accessing other complex GSLs and related lipid-modified GSL derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Avijit K Adak
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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8
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Porter J, Parisi D, Miller T, Cheallaigh AN, Miller GJ. Chemical synthesis of amphiphilic glycoconjugates: Access to amino, fluorinated and sulfhydryl oleyl glucosides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 530:108854. [PMID: 37329646 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic glycoconjugates offer an important prospect for development as chemical biology tools and biosurfactants. The chemical synthesis of such materials is required to expedite such prospect, compounded by the example of oleyl glycosides. Herein, we report a mild and reliable glycosylation method to access oleyl glucosides, glycosidating oleyl alcohol with α-trichloroacetimidate donors. We demonstrate capability for this methodology, extending it to synthesise the first examples of pyranose-component fluorination and sulfhydryl modifications within glucosides and glucosamines of oleyl alcohol. These compounds provide an exciting series of tools to explore processes and materials that utilise oleyl glycosides, including as probes for glycosphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Porter
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Daniele Parisi
- Croda Europe Ltd., Oak Road, Clough Road, Hull, HU6 7PH, UK
| | - Timothy Miller
- Croda Europe Ltd., Oak Road, Clough Road, Hull, HU6 7PH, UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK; Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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9
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Jin X, Yang GY. Pathophysiological roles and applications of glycosphingolipids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101241. [PMID: 37524133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major amphiphilic glycolipids present on the surface of living cell membranes. They have important biological functions, including maintaining plasma membrane stability, regulating signal transduction, and mediating cell recognition and adhesion. Specific GSLs and related enzymes are abnormally expressed in many cancer diseases and affect the malignant characteristics of tumors. The regulatory roles of GSLs in signaling pathways suggest that they are involved in tumor pathogenesis. GSLs have therefore been widely studied as diagnostic markers of cancer diseases and important targets of immunotherapy. This review describes the tumor-related biological functions of GSLs and systematically introduces recent progress in using diverse GSLs and related enzymes to diagnose and treat tumor diseases. Development of drugs and biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy based on GSL structure is also discussed. These advances, combined with recent progress in the preparation of GSLs derivatives through synthetic biology technologies, suggest a strong future for the use of customized GSL libraries in treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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10
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Lakshika Hettiarachchi I, Wu F, Stoica M, Li X, Zhu J. Potassium carbonate-mediated β-selective anomeric O-alkylation with primary electrophiles: Application to the synthesis of glycosphingolipids. Tetrahedron Lett 2023; 122:154511. [PMID: 37334260 PMCID: PMC10270675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective construction of a variety of β-glycosides can be achieved using abundant and inexpensive K2CO3-mediated stereoselective anomeric O-alkylation of sugar lactols with primary electrophiles. In addition, application of this methodology to the synthesis of various azido-modified glycosphingolipids has been accomplished in good yields and excellent anomeric selectivity using sphingosine-derived primary triflate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Lakshika Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Fenglang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Maria Stoica
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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11
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Refinement of Singer-Nicolson fluid-mosaic model by microscopy imaging: Lipid rafts and actin-induced membrane compartmentalization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184093. [PMID: 36423676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This year celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Singer-Nicolson fluid mosaic model for biological membranes. The next level of sophistication we have achieved for understanding plasma membrane (PM) structures, dynamics, and functions during these 50 years includes the PM interactions with cortical actin filaments and the partial demixing of membrane constituent molecules in the PM, particularly raft domains. Here, first, we summarize our current knowledge of these two structures and emphasize that they are interrelated. Second, we review the structure, molecular dynamics, and function of raft domains, with main focuses on raftophilic glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) and their signal transduction mechanisms. We pay special attention to the results obtained by single-molecule imaging techniques and other advanced microscopy methods. We also clarify the limitations of present optical microscopy methods for visualizing raft domains, but emphasize that single-molecule imaging techniques can "detect" raft domains associated with molecules of interest in the PM.
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12
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Ganglioside Probes in Living Cell Plasma Membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2613:215-227. [PMID: 36587082 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2910-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides play a variety of physiological roles and are one of the most important lipid raft constituents. However, their dynamic behaviors have scarcely been investigated in living cells because of the lack of fluorescent probes that behave like their parental molecules. Recently, fluorescent ganglioside probes that mimic native ganglioside behaviors have been developed. In this chapter, I discuss the recent advances in research related to the lateral localization and dynamic behaviors of gangliosides in the plasma membranes of living cells.
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13
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Ge J, Du S, Yao SQ. Bifunctional Lipid-Derived Affinity-Based Probes (A fBPs) for Analysis of Lipid-Protein Interactome. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3663-3674. [PMID: 36484537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although lipids are not genetically encoded, they are fundamental building blocks of cell membranes and essential components of cell metabolites. Lipids regulate various biological processes, including energy storage, membrane trafficking, signal transduction, and protein secretion; therefore, their metabolic imbalances cause many diseases. Approximately 47 000 lipid species with diverse structures have been identified, but little is known about their crucial roles in cellular systems. Particularly the structural, metabolic, and signaling functions of lipids often arise from interactions with proteins. Lipids attach to proteins not only by covalent bonds but also through noncovalent interactions, which also influence protein functions and localization. Therefore, it is important to explore this lipid-protein "interactome" to understand its roles in health and disease, which may further provide insight for medicinal development. However, lipid structures are generally quite complicated, rendering the systematic characterization of lipid-protein interactions much more challenging.Chemoproteomics is a well-known chemical biology platform in which small-molecule chemical probes are utilized in combination with high-resolution, quantitative mass spectrometry to study protein-ligand interactions in living cells or organisms, and it has recently been applied to the study of protein-lipid interactions as well. The study of these complicated interactions has been advanced by the development of bifunctional lipid probes, which not only enable probes to form covalent cross-links with lipid-interacting proteins under UV irradiation, but are also capable of enriching these proteins through bioorthogonal reactions.In this Account, we will discuss recent developments in bifunctional lipid-derived, affinity-based probes (AfBP)s that have been developed to investigate lipid-protein interactions in live cell systems. First, we will give a brief introduction of fundamental techniques based on AfBPs which are related to lipid research. Then, we will focus on three aspects, including probes developed on the basis of lipidation, lipid-derived probes with different modification positions (e.g., hydrophobic or hydrophilic parts of a lipid), and, finally, in situ biosynthesis of probes through intrinsic metabolic pathways by using chemically modified building blocks. We will present some case studies to describe these probes' design principles and cellular applications. At the end, we will also highlight key limitations of current approaches so as to provide inspirations for future improvement. The lipid probes that have been constructed are only the tip of the iceberg, and there are still plenty of lipid species that have yet to be explored. We anticipate that AfBP-based chemoproteomics and its further advancement will pave the way for a deep understanding of lipid-protein interactions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
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14
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Aglycone sterics-selective enzymatic glycan remodeling. iScience 2022; 25:104578. [PMID: 35789841 PMCID: PMC9249669 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Chiang PY, Adak AK, Liang WL, Tsai CY, Tseng HK, Cheng JY, Hwu JR, Yu AL, Hung JT, Lin CC. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Globo-series Glycosphingolipids and Evaluation of Their Immunosuppressive Activities. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200403. [PMID: 35616406 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) play essential roles in many important biological processes, making them attractive synthetic targets. In this paper, a viable chemoenzymatic method is described for the synthesis of globo-series GSLs, namely, Gb4, Gb5, SSEA-4, and Globo H. The strategy uses a chemically synthesized lactoside acceptor equipped with a partial ceramide structure that is uniquely extended by glycosyltransferases in a highly efficient one-pot multiple engyme (OPME) procedure. A direct and quantitative conversion of Gb4 sphingosine to Globo H sphingosine is achieved by performing two-sequential OPME glycosylations. A reduction and N -acylation protocol allows facile incorporation of various fatty acids into the lipid portions of the GSLs. The chemically well-defined lipid-modified Globo H-GSLs displayed some differences in their immunosuprressive activities, which may benefit the structural modifications of Globo h ceramides in finding new types of immunosuppressive agents. The strategy outlined in this work should be applicable to rapid access to other complex GSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Chiang
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Avijit K Adak
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Wei-Lun Liang
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Chen-Yen Tsai
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Hsin-Kai Tseng
- National Tsing Hua University, Departemnt of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Jing-Yan Cheng
- Chang Gung University, Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, TAIWAN
| | - Jih Ru Hwu
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Alice L Yu
- Chang Gung University, Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, TAIWAN
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Chang Gung University, Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, TAIWAN
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of chemistry, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, 30013, Hsinchu, TAIWAN
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16
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Gorantla JN, Santhi M, Hua Y, Ketudat Cairns JR. Total synthesis of ceramides and β- O-glucosylceramides via intramolecular fatty acyl group migration. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acyl group utilized as both protection and migratory group for the synthesis of ceramides and glucosylceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaggaiah N. Gorantla
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Maniganda Santhi
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Yanling Hua
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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17
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Liu M, Luo ZX, Li T, Xiong DC, Ye XS. Electrochemical Trifluoromethylation of Glycals. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16187-16194. [PMID: 34435785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play essential roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Trifluoromethylated compounds have wide applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report a practical and efficient trifluoromethylation of glycals by an electrochemical approach using CF3SO2Na as the trifluoromethyl source and MnBr2 as the redox mediator. A variety of trifluoromethylated glycals bearing different protective groups are obtained in 60-90% yields with high regioselectivity. The successful capture of a CF3 radical indicates that a radical mechanism is involved in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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18
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Yadav S, Naresh K, Jayaraman N. "Surface Density of Ligands Controls In-Plane and Aggregative Modes of Multivalent Glycovesicle-Lectin Recognitions". Chembiochem 2021; 22:3075-3081. [PMID: 34375491 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycovesicles are ideal tools to delineate finer mechanisms of the interactions at the biological cell membranes. Multivalency forms the basis which, in turn, should surpass more than one mechanism in order to maintain multiple roles that the ligand-lectin interactions encounter. Ligand densities hold a prime control to attenuate the interactions. In the present study, mannose trisaccharide interacting with a cognate receptor, namely, Con A, is assessed at the vesicle surfaces. A synthetic (1→3)(1→6)-branched mannose trisaccharide is tethered with a diacetylene monomer and glycovesicles of varying sugar densities are prepared. The polydiacetylene vesicles are prepared by maintaining uniform lipid concentrations. The interactions of the glycovesicles with the lectin are probed through dynamic light scattering and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. Binding efficacies are assessed by surface plasmon resonance technique. Aggregative and in-plane modes of interactions follow a ligand density-dependant manner at the vesicle surface. Vesicles with sparsely populated ligands engage lectin in an aggregative mode (trans-), leading to a cross-linked complex formation. Whereas glycovesicles imbedded with dense ligands engage lectin interaction in an in-plane mode intramolecularly (cis-). Sub-nanomolar dissociation constants govern the intramolecular interaction occurring within the plane of the vesicle, relatively more efficacious than the aggregative intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivender Yadav
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Kottari Naresh
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Narayanaswamy Jayaraman
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, 560 012, Bangalore, INDIA
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19
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Vibhute AM, Komura N, Tanaka HN, Imamura A, Ando H. Advanced Chemical Methods for Stereoselective Sialylation and Their Applications in Sialoglycan Syntheses. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3194-3223. [PMID: 34028159 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid is an important component of cell surface glycans, which are responsible for many vital body functions and should therefore be thoroughly studied to understand their biological roles and association with disorders. The difficulty of isolating large quantities of homogenous-state sialoglycans from natural sources has inspired the development of the corresponding chemical synthesis methods affording acceptable purities, yields, and amounts. However, the related syntheses are challenging because of the difficulties in α-glycosylation of sialic acid, which arises from its certain structural features such as the absence of a stereodirecting group at the C3 position and presence of carboxyl group at the anomeric position. Moreover, the structural complexities of sialoglycans with diverse numbers and locations of sialic acid on the glycan chains pose additional barriers. Thus, efficient α-stereoselective routes to sialosides remain highly sought after, although various types of sialyl donors/acceptors have been developed for the straightforward synthesis of α-sialosides. Herein, we review the latest progress in the α-stereoselective synthesis of sialosides and their applications in the preparation of gangliosides and other sialoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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20
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Sibold J, Ahadi S, Werz DB, Steinem C. Chemically synthesized Gb 3 glycosphingolipids: tools to access their function in lipid membranes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2021; 50:109-126. [PMID: 32948883 PMCID: PMC8071800 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gb3 glycosphingolipids are the specific receptors for bacterial Shiga toxin. Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. While most studies use Gb3 extracts, chemical synthesis provides a unique tool to access different tailor-made Gb3 glycosphingolipids. In this review, strategies to synthesize these complex glycosphingolipids are presented. Special emphasis is put on the preparation of Gb3 molecules differing only in their fatty acid part (saturated, unsaturated, α-hydroxylated and both, unsaturated and α-hydroxylated). With these molecules in hand, it became possible to investigate the phase behaviour of liquid ordered/liquid disordered supported membranes doped with the Gb3 species by means of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. To obtain fluorescent Gb3 derivatives, either fatty acid labelled Gb3 molecules or head group labelled ones were synthesized. These molecules enabled us to address the question, where the Gb3 sphingolipids are localized prior protein binding by means of fluorescence microscopy on giant unilamellar vesicles. The results again demonstrate that the fatty acid of Gb3 plays a pivotal role for the overall membrane organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias Sibold
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Somayeh Ahadi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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21
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Huang YT, Su YC, Wu HR, Huang HH, Lin EC, Tsai TW, Tseng HW, Fang JL, Yu CC. Sulfo-Fluorous Tagging Strategy for Site-Selective Enzymatic Glycosylation of para-Human Milk Oligosaccharides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ru Wu
- Instrumentation Center at National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Eugene C. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Wei Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
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22
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Qiao M, Zhang L, Jiao R, Zhang S, Li B, Zhang X. Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of S-linked sugars and glycoconjugates. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Rohokale RS, Li Q, Guo Z. A Diversity-Oriented Strategy for Chemical Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids: Synthesis of Glycosphingolipid LcGg4 and Its Analogues and Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1633-1648. [PMID: 33395290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A diversity-oriented strategy was developed for the synthesis of glycosphingolipids (GSLs). This strategy was highlighted by using a simple lactoside containing the core structures of GSL glycan and lipid as the universal starting material to obtain different synthetic targets upon stepwise elongation of the glycan via chemical glycosylations and on-site remodeling of the lipid via chemoselective cross-metathesis and N-acylation. The strategy was verified with the synthesis of a lacto-ganglio GSL, LcGg4, which is a biomarker of undifferentiated malignant myeloid cells, and a series of its analogues or derivatives carrying different sugar chains and unique functionalities or molecular labels. This synthetic strategy should be widely applicable and, therefore, be utilized to rapidly access various GSLs and related derivatives by using different donors for glycosylations and different substrates for lipid remodeling following each glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S Rohokale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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24
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Wu DY, Adak AK, Kuo YT, Shen YJ, Li PJ, Hwu JR, Lin CC. A Modular Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Disialosyl Globopentaosylceramide (DSGb5Cer) Glycan. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15920-15935. [PMID: 32567311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the oligosaccharide moiety of disialosyl globopentaosylceramide (DSGb5 Cer), a dominant ganglioside isolated from malignant renal cell carcinoma tissues, is reported. The synthetic strategy relies on a chemical α(2,6)-sialylation at the internal GalNAc unit of a Gb5 pentasaccharide backbone that furnishes a Neu5Acα(2,6)GalNAc-linked hexasaccharide, suitable for an enzymatic α(2,3)-sialylation of the terminal Gal residue to construct a heptasaccharide glycan. Convergent access to this key α(2,6)-sialylated hexasaccharide was also achieved through a [3+3] glycosylation building upon a Galβ(1,3)[Neu5Acα(2,6)]GalNAc-based trisaccharide donor and a Gb3 acceptor. The synthetic DSGb5 glycan bearing a 6-azidohexyl aglycon at the reducing end could undergo further regioselective functionalization. This approach represents a viable chemoenzymatic method for accessing complex ganglioside glycans and should be useful for the synthesis and biological investigation of DSGb5 derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung-Yeh Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Avijit K Adak
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jih Ru Hwu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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25
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Li Q, Jaiswal M, Rohokale RS, Guo Z. A Diversity-Oriented Strategy for Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids and Related Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:8245-8249. [PMID: 33074681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A diversity-oriented strategy combining enzymatic glycan assembly and on-site lipid remodeling via chemoselective cross-metathesis and N-acylation was developed for glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis starting from a common, simple glycoside. The strategy was verified with a series of natural GSLs and GSL derivatives and showed several advantages. Most notably, it enabled two-way diversification of the glycan and lipid, including introduction of designed molecular tags, to provide functionalized GSLs useful for biological studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Rajendra S Rohokale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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26
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Wu H, Kohler J. Photocrosslinking probes for capture of carbohydrate interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:173-182. [PMID: 31706134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycan-mediated interactions are essential in many biological processes and regulate a wide variety of cellular functions. However, characterizing these interactions is difficult because glycan biosynthesis is not template driven and because carbohydrate recognition events are usually of low affinity and transient. Photocrosslinking carbohydrate probes can form a covalent bond with molecules in close proximity on UV irradiation and are capable of capturing interactions between glycans and glycan-binding proteins in situ. Because of these advantages, multiple photocrosslinking carbohydrate probes have been designed and applied to study the biological functions of glycans. This review will discuss recent advances in the development of novel photocrosslinking functional groups and the design of photocrosslinking probes to detect interactions mediated by glycolipids, peptidoglycan, and multivalent carbohydrate ligands. These probes have demonstrated the potential to address some of the major challenges in the study of glycan-mediated interactions in both model systems and in more complex biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jennifer Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. http://
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27
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Li PJ, Huang SY, Chiang PY, Fan CY, Guo LJ, Wu DY, Angata T, Lin CC. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of DSGb5 and Sialylated Globo-series Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11273-11278. [PMID: 31140679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sialic-acid-binding, immunoglobulin-type lectin-7 (Siglec-7) is present on the surface of natural killer cells. Siglec-7 shows preference for disialylated glycans, including α(2,8)-α(2,3)-disialic acids or internally branched α(2,6)-NeuAc, such as disialosylglobopentaose (DSGb5). Herein, DSGb5 was synthesized by a one-pot multiple enzyme method from Gb5 by α2,3-sialylation (with PmST1) followed by α2,6-sialylation (with Psp2,6ST) in 23 % overall yield. DSGb5 was also chemoenzymatically synthesized. The protection of the nonreducing-end galactose of Gb5 as 3,4-O-acetonide, 3,4-O-benzylidene, and 4,6-O-benzylidene derivatives provided DSGb5 in overall yields of 26 %, 12 %, and 19 %, respectively. Gb3, Gb4, and Gb5 were enzymatically sialylated to afford a range of globo-glycans. Surprisingly, DSGb5 shows a low affinity for Siglec-7 in a glycan microarray binding affinity assay. Among the synthesized globo-series glycans, α6α3DSGb4 shows the highest binding affinity for Siglec-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yo Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jhen Guo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Dung-Yeh Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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28
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Li P, Huang S, Chiang P, Fan C, Guo L, Wu D, Angata T, Lin C. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of DSGb5 and Sialylated Globo‐series Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Jhen Li
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Szu‐Yu Huang
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Yun Chiang
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Yo Fan
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Li‐Jhen Guo
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Dung‐Yeh Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological ChemistryAcademia Sinica 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd. Nankang Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Cheng Lin
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd. Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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Kiya N, Hidaka Y, Usui K, Hirai G. Synthesis of CH2-Linked α(1,6)-Disaccharide Analogues by α-Selective Radical Coupling C-Glycosylation. Org Lett 2019; 21:1588-1592. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Kiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Hidaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Usui
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Go Hirai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Abstract
The translation of biological glycosylation in humans to the clinical applications involves systematic studies using homogeneous samples of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, which could be accessed by chemical, enzymatic or other biological methods. However, the structural complexity and wide-range variations of glycans and their conjugates represent a major challenge in the synthesis of this class of biomolecules. To help navigate within many methods of oligosaccharide synthesis, this Perspective offers a critical assessment of the most promising synthetic strategies with an eye on the therapeutically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Krasnova
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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Benkoulouche M, Fauré R, Remaud-Siméon M, Moulis C, André I. Harnessing glycoenzyme engineering for synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180069. [PMID: 30842872 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined with chemical synthesis, the use of glycoenzyme biocatalysts has shown great synthetic potential over recent decades owing to their remarkable versatility in terms of substrates and regio- and stereoselectivity that allow structurally controlled synthesis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Nonetheless, the lack of appropriate enzymatic tools with requisite properties in the natural diversity has hampered extensive exploration of enzyme-based synthetic routes to access relevant bioactive oligosaccharides, such as cell-surface glycans or prebiotics. With the remarkable progress in enzyme engineering, it has become possible to improve catalytic efficiency and physico-chemical properties of enzymes but also considerably extend the repertoire of accessible catalytic reactions and tailor novel substrate specificities. In this review, we intend to give a brief overview of the advantageous use of engineered glycoenzymes, sometimes in combination with chemical steps, for the synthesis of natural bioactive oligosaccharides or their precursors. The focus will be on examples resulting from the three main classes of glycoenzymes specialized in carbohydrate synthesis: glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases and glycoside phosphorylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Benkoulouche
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Régis Fauré
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Claire Moulis
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, 135, avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France
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Schwarzmann G. Labeled gangliosides: their synthesis and use in biological studies. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3992-4006. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Schwarzmann
- LIMES c/o Kekulé‐Institut f. Organische Chemie und Biochemie Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn Germany
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