1
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Berquist E, Dumi A, Upadhyay S, Abarbanel OD, Cho M, Gaur S, Cano Gil VH, Hutchison GR, Lee OS, Rosen AS, Schamnad S, Schneider FSS, Steinmann C, Stolyarchuk M, Vandezande JE, Zak W, Langner KM. cclib 2.0: An updated architecture for interoperable computational chemistry. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:042501. [PMID: 39051837 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Interoperability in computational chemistry is elusive, impeded by the independent development of software packages and idiosyncratic nature of their output files. The cclib library was introduced in 2006 as an attempt to improve this situation by providing a consistent interface to the results of various quantum chemistry programs. The shared API across programs enabled by cclib has allowed users to focus on results as opposed to output and to combine data from multiple programs or develop generic downstream tools. Initial development, however, did not anticipate the rapid progress of computational capabilities, novel methods, and new programs; nor did it foresee the growing need for customizability. Here, we recount this history and present cclib 2, focused on extensibility and modularity. We also introduce recent design pivots-the formalization of cclib's intermediate data representation as a tree-based structure, a new combinator-based parser organization, and parsed chemical properties as extensible objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Berquist
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Amanda Dumi
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Shiv Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Omri D Abarbanel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Minsik Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sagar Gaur
- MarkovML 23, Geary St. Suite 600, San Francisco, California 94108, USA
- International Institute of Information Technology, Prof. CR Rao Road Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | - Geoffrey R Hutchison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Oliver S Lee
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Rosen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Casper Steinmann
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9230 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Weronika Zak
- Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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2
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Holzer C, Franzke YJ. Beyond Electrons: Correlation and Self-Energy in Multicomponent Density Functional Theory. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400120. [PMID: 38456204 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Post-Kohn-Sham methods are used to evaluate the ground-state correlation energy and the orbital self-energy of systems consisting of multiple flavors of different fermions. Starting from multicomponent density functional theory, suitable ways to arrive at the corresponding multicomponent random-phase approximation and the multicomponent Green's functionG W ${GW}$ approximation, including relativistic effects, are outlined. Given the importance of both of this methods in the development of modern Kohn-Sham density functional approximations, this work will provide a foundation to design advanced multicomponent density functional approximations. Additionally, theG W ${GW}$ quasiparticle energies are needed to study light-matter interactions with the Bethe-Salpeter equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Holzer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yannick J Franzke
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
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3
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Garner SM, Upadhyay S, Li X, Hammes-Schiffer S. Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Time-Dependent Configuration Interaction Method. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6017-6023. [PMID: 38815051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Combining real-time electronic structure with the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) method has enabled the simulation of complex nonadiabatic chemical processes. However, accurate descriptions of hydrogen tunneling and double excitations require multiconfigurational treatments. Herein, we develop and implement the real-time NEO time-dependent configuration interaction (NEO-TDCI) approach. Comparison to NEO-full CI calculations of absorption spectra for a molecular system shows that the NEO-TDCI approach can accurately capture the tunneling splitting associated with the electronic ground state as well as vibronic progressions corresponding to double electron-proton excitations associated with excited electronic states. Both of these features are absent from spectra obtained with single reference real-time NEO methods. Our simulations of hydrogen tunneling dynamics illustrate the oscillation of the proton density from one side to the other via a delocalized, bilobal proton wave function. These results indicate that the NEO-TDCI approach is highly suitable for studying hydrogen tunneling and other inherently multiconfigurational systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Garner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Shiv Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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4
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Hasecke L, Mata RA. Optimization of Quantum Nuclei Positions with the Adaptive Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Approach. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3205-3211. [PMID: 38619054 PMCID: PMC11056972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of multicomponent methods has become increasingly popular over the last years. Under this framework, nuclei (commonly protons) are treated quantum mechanically on the same footing as the electronic structure problem. Under the use of atomic-centered orbitals, this can lead to some complications as the ideal location of the nuclear basis centers must be optimized. In this contribution, we propose a straightforward approach to determine the position of such centers within the self-consistent cycle of a multicomponent calculation, making use of individual proton charge centroids. We test the method on model systems including the water dimer, a protonated water tetramer, and a porphine system. Comparing to numerical gradient calculations, the adaptive nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) procedure is able to converge the basis centers to within a few cents of an Ångström and with less than 0.1 kcal/mol differences in absolute energies. This is achieved in one single calculation and with a small added computational effort of up to 80% compared to a regular NEO- self-consistent field run. An example application for the human transketolase proton wire is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hasecke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University
of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University
of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Lambros E, Fetherolf JH, Hammes-Schiffer S, Li X. A Many-Body Perspective of Nuclear Quantum Effects in Aqueous Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4070-4075. [PMID: 38587257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear quantum effects play an important role in the structure and thermodynamics of aqueous systems. By performing a many-body expansion with nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) theory, we show that proton quantization can give rise to significant energetic contributions for many-body interactions spanning several molecules in single-point energy calculations of water clusters. Although zero-point motion produces a large increase in energy at the one-body level, nuclear quantum effects serve to stabilize higher-order molecular interactions. These results are significant because they demonstrate that nuclear quantum effects play a nontrivial role in many-body interactions of aqueous systems. Our approach also provides a pathway for incorporating nuclear quantum effects into water potential energy surfaces. The NEO approach is advantageous for many-body expansion analyses because it includes nuclear quantum effects directly in the energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Lambros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan H Fetherolf
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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6
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Xu J, Carney TE, Zhou R, Shepard C, Kanai Y. Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Simulating Nonequilibrium Electron Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5011-5029. [PMID: 38362887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The explicit real-time propagation approach for time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) has increasingly become a popular first-principles computational method for modeling various time-dependent electronic properties of complex chemical systems. In this Perspective, we provide a nontechnical discussion of how this first-principles simulation approach has been used to gain novel physical insights into nonequilibrium electron dynamics phenomena in recent years. Following a concise overview of the RT-TDDFT methodology from a practical standpoint, we discuss our recent studies on the electronic stopping of DNA in water and the Floquet topological phase as examples. Our discussion focuses on how RT-TDDFT simulations played a unique role in deriving new scientific understandings. We then discuss existing challenges and some new advances at the frontier of RT-TDDFT method development for studying increasingly complex dynamic phenomena and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas E Carney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher Shepard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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7
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Moncada F, Quintero W, Posada E, Pettersson LGM, Reyes A. A nuclear configuration interaction approach to study nuclear spin effects: an application to ortho- and para- 3 He 2 @C 60. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300498. [PMID: 38055206 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a non-orthogonal configuration interaction approach to investigate nuclear quantum effects on energies and densities of confined fermionic nuclei. The Hamiltonian employed draws parallels between confined systems and many-electron atoms, where effective non-Coulombic potentials represent the interactions of the trapped particles. One advantage of this method is its generality, as it offers the potential to study the nuclear quantum effects of various confined species affected by effective isotropic or anisotropic potentials. As a first application, we analyze the quantum states of two 3 He atoms encapsulated in C60 . At the Hartree-Fock level, we observe the breaking of spin and spatial symmetries. To ensure wavefunctions with the correct symmetries, we mix the broken-symmetry Hartree-Fock states within the non-orthogonal configuration interaction expansion. Our proposed approach predicts singly and triply degenerate ground states for the singlet (para-3 He2 @C60 ) and triplet (ortho-3 He2 @C60 ) nuclear spin configurations, respectively. The ortho-3 He2 @C60 ground state is 5.69 cm-1 higher in energy than the para-3 He2 @C60 ground state. The nuclear densities obtained for these states exhibit the icosahedral symmetry of the C60 embedding potential. Importantly, our calculated energies for the lowest 85 states are in close agreement with perturbation theory results based on a harmonic oscillator plus rigid rotor model of 3 He2 @C60 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Moncada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Cra 30 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - William Quintero
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Cra 30 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edwin Posada
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Cra 30 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lars G M Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrés Reyes
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Cra 30 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia
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8
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Hassan M, Pavošević F, Wang DS, Flick J. Simulating Polaritonic Ground States on Noisy Quantum Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1373-1381. [PMID: 38287217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The recent advent of quantum algorithms for noisy quantum devices offers a new route toward simulating strong light-matter interactions of molecules in optical cavities for polaritonic chemistry. In this work, we introduce a general framework for simulating electron-photon-coupled systems on small, noisy quantum devices. This method is based on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) with the polaritonic unitary coupled cluster (PUCC) ansatz. To achieve chemical accuracy, we exploit various symmetries in qubit reduction methods, such as electron-photon parity, and use recently developed error mitigation schemes, such as the reference zero-noise extrapolation method. We explore the robustness of the VQE-PUCC approach across a diverse set of regimes for the bond length, cavity frequency, and coupling strength of the H2 molecule in an optical cavity. To quantify the performance, we measure two properties: ground-state energy, fundamentally relevant to chemical reactivity, and photon number, an experimentally accessible general indicator of electron-photon correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | | | - Derek S Wang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Johannes Flick
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
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9
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Javed M, Shah A, Nisar J, Shahzad S, Haleem A, Shah I. Nanostructured Design Cathode Materials for Magnesium-Ion Batteries. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4229-4245. [PMID: 38313505 PMCID: PMC10831983 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Energy is undeniably one of the most fundamental requirements of the current generation. Solar and wind energy are sustainable and renewable energy sources; however, their unpredictability points to the development of energy storage systems (ESSs). There has been a substantial increase in the use of batteries, particularly lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as ESSs. However, low rate capability and degradation due to electric load in long-range electric vehicles are pushing LIBs to their limits. As alternative ESSs, magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) possess promising properties and advantages. Cathode materials play a crucial role in MIBs. In this regard, a variety of cathode materials, including Mn-based, Se-based, vanadium- and vanadium oxide-based, S-based, and Mg2+-containing cathodes, have been investigated by experimental and theoretical techniques. Results reveal that the discharge capacity, capacity retention, and cycle life of cathode materials need improvement. Nevertheless, maintaining the long-term stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface during high-voltage operation continues to be a hurdle in the execution of MIBs, despite the continuous research in this field. The current Review mainly focuses on the most recent nanostructured-design cathode materials in an attempt to draw attention to MIBs and promote the investigation of suitable cathode materials for this promising energy storage device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Javed
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jan Nisar
- National
Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Suniya Shahzad
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu
University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Li TE, Paenurk E, Hammes-Schiffer S. Squeezed Protons and Infrared Plasmonic Resonance Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:751-757. [PMID: 38226772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Unusual nuclear quantum effects may emerge near noble metal nanostructures such as squeezed vibrational states in molecular junctions and plasmonic resonance energy transfer in the infrared domain. Herein, nuclear quantum effects near heavy metals are studied by nuclear-electronic orbital density functional theory (NEO-DFT) with an effective core potential. For a quantum proton sandwiched between a pair of gold tips modeled by two Au6 clusters, NEO-DFT calculations suggest that the quantum proton density can be squeezed as the tip distance decreases. For an HF molecule placed near a one-dimensional Au nanowire composed of up to 34 Au atoms, real-time NEO time-dependent density functional theory (RT-NEO-TDDFT) shows that the infrared plasmonic motion within the Au nanowire may resonantly transfer electronic energy to the HF proton vibrational stretch mode. Overall, these calculations illustrate the advantages of the NEO approach for probing nuclear quantum effects, such as squeezed proton vibrational states and infrared plasmonic resonance energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eno Paenurk
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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11
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Matoušek M, Pernal K, Pavošević F, Veis L. Variational Quantum Eigensolver Boosted by Adiabatic Connection. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:687-698. [PMID: 38214999 PMCID: PMC10823474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we integrate the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) with the adiabatic connection (AC) method for efficient simulations of chemical problems on near-term quantum computers. Orbital-optimized VQE methods are employed to capture the strong correlation within an active space, and classical AC corrections recover the dynamical correlation effects comprising electrons outside of the active space. On two challenging strongly correlated problems, namely, the dissociation of N2 and the electronic structure of the tetramethyleneethane biradical, we show that the combined VQE-AC approach enhances the performance of VQE dramatically. Moreover, since the AC corrections do not bring any additional requirements on quantum resources or measurements, they can actually boost the VQE algorithms. Our work paves the way toward quantum simulations of real-life problems on near-term quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikuláš Matoušek
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Pernal
- Institute
of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 217/221, 93-005 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Libor Veis
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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12
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Nykänen A, Miller A, Talarico W, Knecht S, Kovyrshin A, Skogh M, Tornberg L, Broo A, Mensa S, Symons BCB, Sahin E, Crain J, Tavernelli I, Pavošević F. Toward Accurate Post-Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Simulations on Quantum Computers: An Adaptive Variational Eigensolver with Nuclear-Electronic Frozen Natural Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9269-9277. [PMID: 38081802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear quantum effects such as zero-point energy and hydrogen tunneling play a central role in many biological and chemical processes. The nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) approach captures these effects by treating selected nuclei quantum mechanically on the same footing as electrons. On classical computers, the resources required for an exact solution of NEO-based models grow exponentially with system size. By contrast, quantum computers offer a means of solving this problem with polynomial scaling. However, due to the limitations of current quantum devices, NEO simulations are confined to the smallest systems described by minimal basis sets, whereas realistic simulations beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation require more sophisticated basis sets. For this purpose, we herein extend a hardware-efficient ADAPT-VQE method to the NEO framework in the frozen natural orbital (FNO) basis. We demonstrate on H2 and D2 molecules that the NEO-FNO-ADAPT-VQE method reduces the CNOT count by several orders of magnitude relative to the NEO unitary coupled cluster method with singles and doubles while maintaining the desired accuracy. This extreme reduction in the CNOT gate count is sufficient to permit practical computations employing the NEO method─an important step toward accurate simulations involving nonclassical nuclei and non-Born-Oppenheimer effects on near-term quantum devices. We further show that the method can capture isotope effects, and we demonstrate that inclusion of correlation energy systematically improves the prediction of difference in the zero-point energy (ΔZPE) between isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Nykänen
- Algorithmiq Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, Helsinki FI-00160, Finland
| | - Aaron Miller
- Algorithmiq Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, Helsinki FI-00160, Finland
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Walter Talarico
- Algorithmiq Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, Helsinki FI-00160, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, QTF Centre of Excellence, Center for Quantum Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Stefan Knecht
- Algorithmiq Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, Helsinki FI-00160, Finland
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Life Sciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Arseny Kovyrshin
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Molndal SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Mårten Skogh
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Molndal SE-431 83, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Lars Tornberg
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Molndal SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Anders Broo
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Molndal SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Stefano Mensa
- The Hartree Centre, STFC, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K
| | | | - Emre Sahin
- The Hartree Centre, STFC, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - Jason Crain
- IBM Research Europe, Hartree Centre STFC Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
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13
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Xu J, Zhou R, Blum V, Li TE, Hammes-Schiffer S, Kanai Y. First-Principles Approach for Coupled Quantum Dynamics of Electrons and Protons in Heterogeneous Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:238002. [PMID: 38134781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.238002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The coupled quantum dynamics of electrons and protons is ubiquitous in many dynamical processes involving light-matter interaction, such as solar energy conversion in chemical systems and photosynthesis. A first-principles description of such nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics requires not only the time-dependent treatment of nonequilibrium electron dynamics but also that of quantum protons. Quantum mechanical correlation between electrons and protons adds further complexity to such coupled dynamics. Here we extend real-time nuclear-electronic orbital time-dependent density functional theory (RT-NEO-TDDFT) to periodic systems and perform first-principles simulations of coupled quantum dynamics of electrons and protons in complex heterogeneous systems. The process studied is an electronically excited-state intramolecular proton transfer of o-hydroxybenzaldehyde in water and at a silicon (111) semiconductor-molecule interface. These simulations illustrate how environments such as hydrogen-bonding water molecules and an extended material surface impact the dynamical process on the atomistic level. Depending on how the molecule is chemisorbed on the surface, excited-state electron transfer from the molecule to the semiconductor surface can inhibit ultrafast proton transfer within the molecule. This Letter elucidates how heterogeneous environments influence the balance between the quantum mechanical proton transfer and excited electron dynamics. The periodic RT-NEO-TDDFT approach is applicable to a wide range of other photoinduced heterogeneous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Pavošević F, Smith RL, Rubio A. Cavity Click Chemistry: Cavity-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10184-10188. [PMID: 37992280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Click chemistry, which refers to chemical reactions that are fast and selective with high product yields, has become a powerful approach in organic synthesis and chemical biology. Due to the cytotoxicity of the transition metals employed in click chemistry reactions, a search for novel metal-free alternatives continues. Herein, we demonstrate that an optical cavity can be utilized as a metal-free alternative in the click chemistry cycloaddition reaction between cyanoacetylene and formylazide using the quantum electrodynamics coupled cluster method. We show that by changing the molecular orientation with respect to the polarization of the cavity mode(s), the reaction can be selectively catalyzed to form a major 1,4-disubstituted or 1,5-disubstituted product. This work highlights that a cavity has the same effect on the investigated cycloaddition as the transition metal catalysts traditionally employed in click chemistry reactions. We expect our findings to further stimulate research on cavity-assisted click chemistry reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabijan Pavošević
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Algorithmiq Ltd, Kanavakatu 3C, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert L Smith
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Angel Rubio
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science & Department of Physics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Culpitt T, Tellgren EI, Pavošević F. Unitary coupled-cluster for quantum computation of molecular properties in a strong magnetic field. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:204101. [PMID: 37991157 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In truncated coupled-cluster (CC) theories, non-variational and/or generally complex ground-state energies can occur. This is due to the non-Hermitian nature of the similarity transformed Hamiltonian matrix in combination with CC truncation. For chemical problems that deal with real-valued Hamiltonian matrices, complex CC energies rarely occur. However, for complex-valued Hamiltonian matrices, such as those that arise in the presence of strong magnetic fields, complex CC energies can be regularly observed unless certain symmetry conditions are fulfilled. Therefore, in the presence of magnetic fields, it is desirable to pursue CC methods that are guaranteed to give upper-bound, real-valued energies. In this work, we present the first application of unitary CC to chemical systems in a strong magnetic field. This is achieved utilizing the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm applied to the unitary coupled-cluster singles and doubles (UCCSD) method. We benchmark the method on the H2 molecule in a strong magnetic field and then calculate UCCSD energies for the H4 molecule as a function of both geometry and field angle. We show that while standard CCSD can yield generally complex energies that are not an upper-bound to the true energy, UCCSD always results in variational and real-valued energies. We also show that the imaginary components of the CCSD energy are largest in the strongly correlated region. Last, the UCCSD calculations capture a large percentage of the correlation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Culpitt
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Erik I Tellgren
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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16
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Hasecke L, Mata RA. Nuclear Quantum Effects Made Accessible: Local Density Fitting in Multicomponent Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8223-8233. [PMID: 37920900 PMCID: PMC10687858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The simulation of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) is crucial for an accurate description of systems and processes involving light nuclei, such as hydrogen atoms. Within the last years, the importance of those effects has been highlighted for a vast range of systems with tremendous implications in chemistry, biology, physics, and materials sciences. However, while electronic structure theory methods have become routine tools for quantum chemical investigations, there is still a lack of approaches to address NQEs that are computationally accessible and straightforward to use. To address this, we present the first combination of the nuclear-electronic orbital Hartree-Fock approach with both local and density fitting approximations (LDF-NEO-HF). This results in a low-order scaling approach that enables the inclusion of NQEs for large systems within a fraction of a day and for small to medium size systems in minutes. Moreover, we demonstrate the qualitative accuracy and robustness of our approach to retrieve NQEs for three real-use cases motivated by chemical, biological, and materials science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hasecke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Schrader T, Khanifaev J, Perlt E. Koopmans' theorem for acidic protons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13839-13842. [PMID: 37921279 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04304e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The famous Brønsted acidity, which is relevant in many areas of experimental and synthetic chemistry, but also in biochemistry and other areas, is investigated from a new perspective. Nuclear electronic orbital methods, which explicitly account for the quantum character of selected protons, are applied. The resulting orbital energies of the proton wavefunction are interpreted and related to enthalpies of deprotonation and acid strength in analogy to the Koopmans' theorem for electrons. For a set of organic acids, we observe a correlation which indicates the validity of such a NEO-Koopmans' approach and opens up new opportunities for the computational investigation of more complex acidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schrader
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Eva Perlt
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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18
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Lambros E, Link B, Chow M, Lipparini F, Hammes-Schiffer S, Li X. Assessing Implicit and Explicit Polarizable Solvation Models for Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Systems: Quantum Proton Polarization and Solvation Energetics. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9322-9333. [PMID: 37889479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Accurate simulations of many chemical processes require the inclusion of both nuclear quantum effects and a solvent environment. The nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) approach, which treats electrons and select nuclei quantum mechanically on the same level, combined with a polarizable continuum model (PCM) for the solvent environment, addresses this challenge in a computationally practical manner. In this work, the NEO-PCM approach is extended beyond the IEF-PCM (integral equation formalism PCM) and C-PCM (conductor PCM) approaches to the SS(V)PE (surface and simulation of volume polarization for electrostatics) and ddCOSMO (domain decomposed conductor-like screening model) approaches. IEF-PCM, SS(V)PE, C-PCM, and ddCOSMO all exhibit similar solvation energies as well as comparable nuclear polarization within the NEO framework. The calculations show that the nuclear density does not leak out of the molecular cavity because it is much more localized than the electronic density. Finally, the polarization of quantized protons is analyzed in both continuum solvent and explicit solvent environments described by the polarizable MB-pol model, illustrating the impact of specific hydrogen-bonding interactions captured only by explicit solvation. These calculations highlight the relationship among solvation formalism, nuclear polarization, and energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Lambros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin Link
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mathew Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Filippo Lipparini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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19
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Goli M, Bressanini D, Shahbazian S. On the nature of the two-positron bond: evidence for a novel bond type. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29531-29547. [PMID: 37905569 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the newly proposed two-positron bond in (PsH)2, which is composed of two protons, four electrons and two positrons, is considered in this contribution. The study is done at the multi-component-Hartree-Fock (MC-HF) and the Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) levels of theory by comparing ab initio data, analyzing the spatial structure of the DMC wavefunction, and applying the multi-component quantum theory of atoms in molecules and the two-component interacting quantum atoms energy partitioning schemes to the MC-HF wavefunction. The analysis demonstrates that (PsH)2 to a good approximation may be conceived of as two slightly perturbed PsH atoms, bonded through a two-positron bond. In contrast to the usual two-electron bonds, the positron exchange phenomenon is quite marginal in the considered two-positron bond. The dominant stabilizing mechanism of bonding is a novel type of classical electrostatic interaction between the positrons, which are mainly localized between nuclei, and the surrounding electrons. To emphasize its uniqueness, this mechanism of bonding is proposed to be called gluonic which has also been previously identified as the main driving mechanism behind formation of the one-positron bond in [H-,e+,H-]. We conclude that the studied two-positron bond should not be classified as a covalent bond and it must be seen as a brand-new type of bond, foreign to the electronic bonding modes discovered so far in the purely electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Goli
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran.
| | - Dario Bressanini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università dell'Insubria, Como, Italy.
| | - Shant Shahbazian
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran.
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20
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Chow M, Li TE, Hammes-Schiffer S. Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Real-Time Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9556-9562. [PMID: 37857272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Simulating the nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics of large-scale molecular systems in the condensed phase is key for studying biologically and chemically important processes such as proton transfer and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions. Herein, the real-time nuclear-electronic orbital time-dependent density functional theory (RT-NEO-TDDFT) approach is combined with a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) strategy to enable the accurate description of coupled nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics in the presence of heterogeneous environments such as solvent or proteins. The densities of the electrons and quantum protons are propagated in real time, while the other nuclei are propagated classically on the instantaneous electron-proton vibronic surface. This approach is applied to phenol bound to lysozyme, intramolecular proton transfer in malonaldehyde, and nonequilibrium excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in o-hydroxybenzaldehyde. These examples illustrate that the RT-NEO-TDDFT framework, coupled with an atomistic representation of the environment, allows the simulation of condensed-phase systems that exhibit significant nuclear quantum effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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21
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Feldmann R, Baiardi A, Reiher M. Symmetry-Projected Nuclear-Electronic Hartree-Fock: Eliminating Rotational Energy Contamination. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8943-8954. [PMID: 37831620 PMCID: PMC10614303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a symmetry projection technique for enforcing rotational and parity symmetries in nuclear-electronic Hartree-Fock wave functions, which treat electrons and nuclei on equal footing. The molecular Hamiltonian obeys rotational and parity inversion symmetries, which are, however, broken by expanding in Gaussian basis sets that are fixed in space. We generate a trial wave function with the correct symmetry properties by projecting the wave function onto representations of the three-dimensional rotation group, i.e., the special orthogonal group in three dimensions SO(3). As a consequence, the wave function becomes an eigenfunction of the angular momentum operator which (i) eliminates the contamination of the ground-state wave function by highly excited rotational states arising from the broken rotational symmetry and (ii) enables the targeting of specific rotational states of the molecule. We demonstrate the efficiency of the symmetry projection technique by calculating the energies of the low-lying rotational states of the H2 and H3+ molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Feldmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry
and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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22
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Di Felice R, Mayes ML, Richard RM, Williams-Young DB, Chan GKL, de Jong WA, Govind N, Head-Gordon M, Hermes MR, Kowalski K, Li X, Lischka H, Mueller KT, Mutlu E, Niklasson AMN, Pederson MR, Peng B, Shepard R, Valeev EF, van Schilfgaarde M, Vlaisavljevich B, Windus TL, Xantheas SS, Zhang X, Zimmerman PM. A Perspective on Sustainable Computational Chemistry Software Development and Integration. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7056-7076. [PMID: 37769271 PMCID: PMC10601486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The power of quantum chemistry to predict the ground and excited state properties of complex chemical systems has driven the development of computational quantum chemistry software, integrating advances in theory, applied mathematics, and computer science. The emergence of new computational paradigms associated with exascale technologies also poses significant challenges that require a flexible forward strategy to take full advantage of existing and forthcoming computational resources. In this context, the sustainability and interoperability of computational chemistry software development are among the most pressing issues. In this perspective, we discuss software infrastructure needs and investments with an eye to fully utilize exascale resources and provide unique computational tools for next-generation science problems and scientific discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Felice
- Departments
of Physics and Astronomy and Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- CNR-NANO
Modena, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Maricris L. Mayes
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | | | | | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Wibe A. de Jong
- Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Pitzer Center
for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hermes
- Department
of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Karol Kowalski
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Karl T. Mueller
- Physical
and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Erdal Mutlu
- Advanced
Computing, Mathematics, and Data Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Anders M. N. Niklasson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Mark R. Pederson
- Department
of Physics, The University of Texas at El
Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Bo Peng
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ron Shepard
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Edward F. Valeev
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Theresa L. Windus
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University and
Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sotiris S. Xantheas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Advanced
Computing, Mathematics and Data Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Xing Zhang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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23
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Stocker S, Jung H, Csányi G, Goldsmith CF, Reuter K, Margraf JT. Estimating Free Energy Barriers for Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions with Machine Learning Potentials and Umbrella Integration. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6796-6804. [PMID: 37747812 PMCID: PMC10569033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the rate constants of elementary reaction steps is key for the computational modeling of catalytic processes. Within transition state theory (TST), this requires an accurate estimation of the corresponding free energy barriers. While sophisticated methods for estimating free energy differences exist, these typically require extensive (biased) molecular dynamics simulations that are computationally prohibitive with the first-principles electronic structure methods that are typically used in catalysis research. In this contribution, we show that machine-learning (ML) interatomic potentials can be trained in an automated iterative workflow to perform such free energy calculations at a much reduced computational cost as compared to a direct density functional theory (DFT) based evaluation. For the decomposition of CHO on Rh(111), we find that thermal effects are substantial and lead to a decrease in the free energy barrier, which can be vanishingly small, depending on the DFT functional used. This is in stark contrast to previously reported estimates based on a harmonic TST approximation, which predicted an increase in the barrier at elevated temperatures. Since CHO is the reactant of the putative rate limiting reaction step in syngas conversion on Rh(111) and essential for the selectivity toward oxygenates containing multiple carbon atoms (C2+ oxygenates), our results call into question the reported mechanism established by microkinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Stocker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hyunwook Jung
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Engineering
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - C. Franklin Goldsmith
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- School
of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes T. Margraf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Liu A, Zhang T, Hammes-Schiffer S, Li X. Multicomponent Cholesky Decomposition: Application to Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6255-6262. [PMID: 37699735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The Cholesky decomposition technique is commonly used to reduce the memory requirement for storing two-particle repulsion integrals in quantum chemistry calculations that use atomic orbital bases. However, when quantum methods use multicomponent bases, such as nuclear-electronic orbitals, additional challenges are introduced due to asymmetric two-particle integrals. This work proposes several multicomponent Cholesky decomposition methods for calculations using nuclear-electronic orbital density functional theory. To analyze the errors in different Cholesky decomposition components, benchmark calculations using water clusters are carried out. The largest benchmark calculation is a water cluster (H2O)27 where all 54 protons are treated quantum mechanically. This study provides energetic and complexity analyses to demonstrate the accuracy and performance of the proposed multicomponent Cholesky decomposition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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25
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Pavošević F, Tavernelli I, Rubio A. Spin-Flip Unitary Coupled Cluster Method: Toward Accurate Description of Strong Electron Correlation on Quantum Computers. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7876-7882. [PMID: 37639229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum computers have emerged as a promising platform to simulate strong electron correlation that is crucial to catalysis and photochemistry. However, owing to the choice of a trial wave function employed in the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm, accurate simulation is restricted to certain classes of correlated phenomena. Herein, we combine the spin-flip (SF) formalism with the unitary coupled cluster with singles and doubles (UCCSD) method via the quantum equation-of-motion (qEOM) approach to allow for an efficient simulation of a large family of strongly correlated problems. We show that the developed qEOM-SF-UCCSD/VQE method outperforms its UCCSD/VQE counterpart for simulation of the cis-trans isomerization of ethylene, and the automerization of cyclobutadiene and the predicted qEOM-SF-UCCSD/VQE barrier heights are in a good agreement with the experimentally determined values. The developments presented herein will further stimulate the investigation of this approach for simulations of other types of correlated/entangled phenomena on quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabijan Pavošević
- Algorithmiq Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Ave., New York, New York 10010, United States
| | | | - Angel Rubio
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Ave., New York, New York 10010, United States
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Li TE, Hammes-Schiffer S. Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Quantum Dynamics of Plasmon-Driven H 2 Photodissociation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18210-18214. [PMID: 37555733 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Leveraging localized surface plasmon resonances of metal nanoparticles to trigger chemical reactions is a promising approach for heterogeneous catalysis. First-principles modeling of such processes is challenging due to the large number of electrons and electronic excited states as well as the significance of nuclear quantum effects when hydrogen is involved. Herein, the nonadiabatic nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics of plasmon-induced H2 photodissociation near an Al13- cluster is simulated with real-time nuclear-electronic orbital time-dependent density functional theory (RT-NEO-TDDFT). This approach propagates the nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of both electrons and protons. The plasmonic oscillations are shown to inject hot electrons into the antibonding orbital of H2, thereby inducing H2 dissociation. The quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen nuclei leads to faster H2 photodissociation and slightly larger isotope effects. Analysis of the nonequilibrium electronic density suggests that these findings stem from enhanced excited-state electronic coupling between the plasmonic mode and the H2 antibonding orbital due to proton delocalization or zero-point energy effects. Given the low computational overhead for including nuclear quantum effects with the RT-NEO-TDDFT approach, this work paves the way for simulating nonadiabatic nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics in other plasmonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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27
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Kovyrshin A, Skogh M, Tornberg L, Broo A, Mensa S, Sahin E, Symons BCB, Crain J, Tavernelli I. Nonadiabatic Nuclear-Electron Dynamics: A Quantum Computing Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7065-7072. [PMID: 37527463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Coupled quantum electron-nuclear dynamics is often associated with the Born-Huang expansion of the molecular wave function and the appearance of nonadiabatic effects as a perturbation. On the other hand, native multicomponent representations of electrons and nuclei also exist, which do not rely on any a priori approximation. However, their implementation is hampered by prohibitive scaling. Consequently, quantum computers offer a unique opportunity for extending their use to larger systems. Here, we propose a quantum algorithm for simulating the time-evolution of molecular systems and apply it to proton transfer dynamics in malonaldehyde, described as a rigid scaffold. The proposed quantum algorithm can be easily generalized to include the explicit dynamics of the classically described molecular scaffold. We show how entanglement between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom can persist over long times if electrons do not follow the nuclear displacement adiabatically. The proposed quantum algorithm may become a valid candidate for the study of such phenomena when sufficiently powerful quantum computers become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseny Kovyrshin
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Molndal SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Mårten Skogh
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Molndal SE-431 83, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Tornberg
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Molndal SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Anders Broo
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, Molndal SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Stefano Mensa
- The Hartree Centre, STFC, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Emre Sahin
- The Hartree Centre, STFC, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin C B Symons
- The Hartree Centre, STFC, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Crain
- IBM Research Europe, Hartree Centre STFC Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Ivano Tavernelli
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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28
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Xu X. Constrained Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Density Functional Theory with a Dielectric Continuum Solvent Model. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37470267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Solvent effects are crucial for simulating chemical and biological processes in solutions. The continuum solvation model is widely used for incorporating solvent effects with different levels of theoretical descriptions of solutes. For solutes and solutions containing hydrogen atoms, nuclear quantum effects can also be nonnegligible for reliable simulations. In this work, we couple our recently developed constrained nuclear-electronic orbital density functional theory with a dielectric continuum solvation model to cover nuclear quantum effects and solvent effects simultaneously. This approach is applied to the formate ion, where an anomalous solvatochromic shift in C-H stretch frequency was reported in experiments. By using this new approach to account for nuclear quantum effects and solvent effects, we show that the vibrational frequency of the C-H stretch and the solvatochromic shift are accurately described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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29
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Dickinson JA, Yu Q, Hammes-Schiffer S. Generalized Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Multistate Density Functional Theory for Multiple Proton Transfer Processes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6170-6178. [PMID: 37379485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer and hydrogen tunneling play pivotal roles in many chemical and biological processes. The nuclear-electronic orbital multistate density functional theory (NEO-MSDFT) approach was developed to describe hydrogen tunneling systems within the multicomponent NEO framework, where the transferring proton is quantized and treated with molecular orbital techniques on the same level as the electrons. Herein, the NEO-MSDFT framework is generalized to an arbitrary number of quantum protons to allow applications to systems involving the transfer and tunneling of multiple protons. The generalized NEO-MSDFT approach is shown to produce delocalized, bilobal proton densities and accurate tunneling splittings for fixed geometries of the formic acid dimer and asymmetric substituted variants, as well as the porphycene molecule. Investigation of a protonated water chain highlights the applicability of this approach to proton relay systems. This work provides the foundation for nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics simulations of a wide range of multiple proton transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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30
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Chow M, Lambros E, Li X, Hammes-Schiffer S. Nuclear-Electronic Orbital QM/MM Approach: Geometry Optimizations and Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37329317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods allow simulations of chemical reactions in atomistic solvent and heterogeneous environments such as proteins. Herein, the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) QM/MM approach is introduced to enable the quantization of specified nuclei, typically protons, in the QM region using a method such as NEO-density functional theory (NEO-DFT). This approach includes proton delocalization, polarization, anharmonicity, and zero-point energy in geometry optimizations and dynamics. Expressions for the energies and analytical gradients associated with the NEO-QM/MM method, as well as the previously developed polarizable continuum model (NEO-PCM), are provided. Geometry optimizations of small organic molecules hydrogen bonded to water in either dielectric continuum solvent or explicit atomistic solvent illustrate that aqueous solvation can strengthen hydrogen-bonding interactions for the systems studied, as indicated by shorter intermolecular distances at the hydrogen-bond interface. We then performed a real-time direct dynamics simulation of a phenol molecule in explicit water using the NEO-QM/MM method. These developments and initial examples provide the foundation for future studies of nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics in complex chemical and biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eleftherios Lambros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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31
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Pavošević F, Smith RL, Rubio A. Computational study on the catalytic control of endo/exo Diels-Alder reactions by cavity quantum vacuum fluctuations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2766. [PMID: 37179341 PMCID: PMC10183045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving control over chemical reaction's rate and stereoselectivity realizes one of the Holy Grails in chemistry that can revolutionize chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Strong light-matter interaction in optical or nanoplasmonic cavities might provide the knob to reach such control. In this work, we demonstrate the catalytic and selectivity control of an optical cavity for two selected Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions using the quantum electrodynamics coupled cluster (QED-CC) method. Herein, we find that by changing the molecular orientation with respect to the polarization of the cavity mode the reactions can be significantly inhibited or selectively enhanced to produce major endo or exo products on demand. This work highlights the potential of utilizing quantum vacuum fluctuations of an optical cavity to modulate the rate of Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions and to achieve stereoselectivity in a practical and non-intrusive way. We expect that the present findings will be applicable to a larger set of relevant reactions, including the click chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabijan Pavošević
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave., New York, 10010, NY, USA.
| | - Robert L Smith
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave., New York, 10010, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Angel Rubio
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave., New York, 10010, NY, USA.
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science & Department of Physics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Av. Tolosa 72, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.
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32
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Tully JC. Ehrenfest dynamics with quantum mechanical nuclei. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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33
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Lambros E, Link B, Chow M, Hammes-Schiffer S, Li X. Solvent Induced Proton Polarization within the Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Framework. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2990-2995. [PMID: 36942912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To explicitly account for nuclear quantum effects and solvent environments in simulations of chemical processes, the nuclear-electronic orbital approach is coupled with a polarizable continuum model (PCM). This NEO-PCM approach is used to explore the influence of solvation on nuclear polarization through applications to a water dimer and a set of protonated water tetramers. Nuclear polarization in these species is analyzed in terms of changes in proton density and oxygen-hydrogen bond length. Solvation is shown to enhance nuclear polarization with increasing dielectric constant. For the water dimer, the internal, hydrogen-bonded proton is shown to polarize more than the external, free proton. Moreover, proton quantization leads to greater solvent polarization through their mutual polarization. These calculations highlight the complex interplay among electronic, nuclear, and solvent polarization in chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Lambros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin Link
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mathew Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | | | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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34
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Li TE, Hammes-Schiffer S. Electronic Born-Oppenheimer approximation in nuclear-electronic orbital dynamics. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114118. [PMID: 36948810 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) framework, the real-time NEO time-dependent density functional theory (RT-NEO-TDDFT) approach enables the simulation of coupled electronic-nuclear dynamics. In this approach, the electrons and quantum nuclei are propagated in time on the same footing. A relatively small time step is required to propagate the much faster electronic dynamics, thereby prohibiting the simulation of long-time nuclear quantum dynamics. Herein, the electronic Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation within the NEO framework is presented. In this approach, the electronic density is quenched to the ground state at each time step, and the real-time nuclear quantum dynamics is propagated on an instantaneous electronic ground state defined by both the classical nuclear geometry and the nonequilibrium quantum nuclear density. Because the electronic dynamics is no longer propagated, this approximation enables the use of an order-of-magnitude larger time step, thus greatly reducing the computational cost. Moreover, invoking the electronic BO approximation also fixes the unphysical asymmetric Rabi splitting observed in previous semiclassical RT-NEO-TDDFT simulations of vibrational polaritons even for small Rabi splitting, instead yielding a stable, symmetric Rabi splitting. For the intramolecular proton transfer in malonaldehyde, both RT-NEO-Ehrenfest dynamics and its BO counterpart can describe proton delocalization during the real-time nuclear quantum dynamics. Thus, the BO RT-NEO approach provides the foundation for a wide range of chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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35
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Culpitt T, Peters LDM, Tellgren EI, Helgaker T. Time-dependent nuclear-electronic orbital Hartree-Fock theory in a strong uniform magnetic field. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114115. [PMID: 36948801 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In an ultrastrong magnetic field, with field strength B ≈ B0 = 2.35 × 105 T, molecular structure and dynamics differ strongly from that observed on the Earth. Within the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation, for example, frequent (near) crossings of electronic energy surfaces are induced by the field, suggesting that nonadiabatic phenomena and processes may play a more important role in this mixed-field regime than in the weak-field regime on Earth. To understand the chemistry in the mixed regime, it therefore becomes important to explore non-BO methods. In this work, the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) method is employed to study protonic vibrational excitation energies in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The NEO generalized Hartree-Fock theory and time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory are derived and implemented, accounting for all terms that result as a consequence of the nonperturbative treatment of molecular systems in a magnetic field. The NEO results for HCN and FHF- with clamped heavy nuclei are compared against the quadratic eigenvalue problem. Each molecule has three semi-classical modes owing to the hydrogen-two precession modes that are degenerate in the absence of a field and one stretching mode. The NEO-TDHF model is found to perform well; in particular, it automatically captures the screening effects of the electrons on the nuclei, which are quantified through the difference in energy of the precession modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Culpitt
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurens D M Peters
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik I Tellgren
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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36
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Goli M, Shahbazian S. MC-QTAIM analysis reveals an exotic bond in coherently quantum superposed malonaldehyde. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5718-5730. [PMID: 36744327 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05499j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The proton between the two oxygen atoms of the malonaldehyde molecule experiences an effective double-well potential in which the proton's wavefunction is delocalized between the two wells. Herein we employ a state-of-the-art multi-component quantum theory of atoms in molecules partitioning scheme to obtain the molecular structure, i.e. atoms in molecules and bonding network, from the superposed ab initio wavefunctions of malonaldehyde. In contrast to the familiar clamped-proton portrayal of malonaldehyde, in which the proton forms a hydrogen basin, for the superposed states the hydrogen basin disappears and two novel hybrid oxygen-hydrogen basins appear instead, with an even distribution of the proton population between the two basins. The interaction between the hybrid basins is stabilizing thanks to an unprecedented mechanism. This involves the stabilizing classical Coulomb interaction of the one-proton density in one of the basins with one-electron density in the other basin. This stabilizing mechanism yields a bond foreign to the known bonding modes in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Goli
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531, Iran.
| | - Shant Shahbazian
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
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37
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Feldmann R, Baiardi A, Reiher M. Second-Order Self-Consistent Field Algorithms: From Classical to Quantum Nuclei. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:856-873. [PMID: 36701300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a general framework for deriving exact and approximate Newton self-consistent field (SCF) orbital optimization algorithms by leveraging concepts borrowed from differential geometry. Within this framework, we extend the augmented Roothaan-Hall (ARH) algorithm to unrestricted electronic and nuclear-electronic calculations. We demonstrate that ARH yields an excellent compromise between stability and computational cost for SCF problems that are hard to converge with conventional first-order optimization strategies. In the electronic case, we show that ARH overcomes the slow convergence of orbitals in strongly correlated molecules with the example of several iron-sulfur clusters. For nuclear-electronic calculations, ARH significantly enhances the convergence already for small molecules, as demonstrated for a series of protonated water clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Feldmann
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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38
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Samsonova I, Tucker GB, Alaal N, Brorsen KR. Hydrogen-Atom Electronic Basis Sets for Multicomponent Quantum Chemistry. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5033-5041. [PMID: 36777583 PMCID: PMC9910068 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent methods are a conceptually simple way to include nuclear quantum effects into quantum chemistry calculations. In multicomponent methods, the electronic molecular orbitals are described using the linear combination of atomic orbitals approximation. This requires the selection of a one-particle electronic basis set which, in practice, is commonly a correlation-consistent basis set. In multicomponent method studies, it has been demonstrated that large electronic basis sets are required for quantum hydrogen nuclei to accurately describe electron-nuclear correlation. However, as we show in this study, much of the need for large electronic basis sets is due to the correlation-consistent electronic basis sets not being optimized to describe nuclear properties and electron-nuclear correlation. Herein, we introduce a series of correlation-consistent electronic basis sets for hydrogen atoms called cc-pVnZ-mc with additional basis functions optimized to reproduce multicomponent density functional theory protonic densities. These new electronic basis sets are shown to yield better protonic densities with fewer electronic basis functions than the standard correlation-consistent basis sets and reproduce other protonic properties such as proton affinities and protonic excitation energies, even though they were not optimized for these purposes. The cc-pVnZ-mc basis sets should enable multicomponent many-body calculations on larger systems due to the improved computational efficiency they provide for a given level of accuracy.
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39
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Chen Z, Yang Y. Incorporating Nuclear Quantum Effects in Molecular Dynamics with a Constrained Minimized Energy Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:279-286. [PMID: 36595586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The accurate incorporation of nuclear quantum effects in large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations remains a significant challenge. Recently, we combined constrained nuclear-electronic orbital (CNEO) theory with classical MD and obtained a new approach (CNEO-MD) that can accurately and efficiently incorporate nuclear quantum effects into classical simulations. In this Letter, we provide the theoretical foundation for CNEO-MD by developing an alternative formulation of the equations of motion for MD. In this new formulation, the expectation values of quantum nuclear positions evolve classically on an effective energy surface that is obtained from a constrained energy minimization procedure when solving for the quantum nuclear wave function, thus enabling the incorporation of nuclear quantum effects in classical MD simulations. For comparison with other existing approaches, we examined a series of model systems and found that this new MD approach is significantly more accurate than the conventional way of performing classical MD and generally outperforms centroid MD and ring-polymer MD in describing vibrations in these model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Chen
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
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40
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Miessen A, Ollitrault PJ, Tacchino F, Tavernelli I. Quantum algorithms for quantum dynamics. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:25-37. [PMID: 38177956 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Among the many computational challenges faced across different disciplines, quantum-mechanical systems pose some of the hardest ones and offer a natural playground for the growing field of quantum technologies. In this Perspective, we discuss quantum algorithmic solutions for quantum dynamics, reporting on the latest developments and offering a viewpoint on their potential and current limitations. We present some of the most promising areas of application and identify possible research directions for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline J Ollitrault
- IBM Quantum, IBM Research - Zurich, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- QC Ware, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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41
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Yu Q, Roy S, Hammes-Schiffer S. Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Hydrogen Tunneling with Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Multistate Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7132-7141. [PMID: 36378867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proton transfer reactions play a critical role in many chemical and biological processes. The development of computationally efficient approaches to describe the quantum dynamics of proton transfer, which often involves hydrogen tunneling, is challenging. Herein, the nuclear-electronic orbital multistate density functional theory (NEO-MSDFT) method is combined with both Ehrenfest and surface hopping nonadiabatic dynamics methods to describe hydrogen tunneling. The NEO-MSDFT method treats the transferring hydrogen nucleus quantum mechanically on the same level as the electrons and incorporates both static and dynamical correlation by mixing localized NEO-DFT solutions with a nonorthogonal configuration interaction scheme. The other nuclei are propagated on the NEO-MSDFT vibronic surfaces during the Ehrenfest or surface hopping dynamics. These methods are applied to proton transfer in malonaldehyde as a prototypical hydrogen tunneling system. The inclusion of vibronically nonadiabatic effects is found to significantly impact the proton transfer time and tunneling dynamics. This approach is applicable to a wide range of other proton transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Saswata Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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42
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Fowler D, Brorsen KR. (T) Correction for Multicomponent Coupled-Cluster Theory for a Single Quantum Proton. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7298-7305. [PMID: 36417554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
(T) and [T] perturbative corrections are derived for multicomponent coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations (CCSD). Benchmarking for systems with a single quantum proton shows that multicomponent CCSD methods that include perturbative corrections are more accurate than multicomponent CCSD for the calculation of proton affinities and absolute energies. An approximation is introduced that includes only (T) or [T] contributions from mixed electron-nuclear excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65203, United States
| | - Kurt R Brorsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri65203, United States
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43
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Zhang W, Huang W, Tan J, Guo Q, Wu B. Heterogeneous catalysis mediated by light, electricity and enzyme via machine learning: Paradigms, applications and prospects. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136447. [PMID: 36116627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Energy crisis and environmental pollution have become the bottleneck of human sustainable development. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new catalysts for energy production and environmental remediation. Due to the high cost caused by blind screening and limited valuable computing resources, the traditional experimental methods and theoretical calculations are difficult to meet with the requirements. In the past decades, computer science has made great progress, especially in the field of machine learning (ML). As a new research paradigm, ML greatly accelerates the theoretical calculation methods represented by first principal calculation and molecular dynamics, and establish the physical picture of heterogeneous catalytic processes for energy and environment. This review firstly summarized the general research paradigms of ML in the discovery of catalysts. Then, the latest progresses of ML in light-, electricity- and enzyme-mediated heterogeneous catalysis were reviewed from the perspective of catalytic performance, operating conditions and reaction mechanism. The general guidelines of ML for heterogeneous catalysis were proposed. Finally, the existing problems and future development trend of ML in heterogeneous catalysis mediated by light, electricity and enzyme were summarized. We highly expect that this review will facilitate the interaction between ML and heterogeneous catalysis, and illuminate the development prospect of heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Huang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Tan
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Guo
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingdang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Suzhou Sponge City Technology, Suzhou, 215002, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Liu A, Chow M, Wildman A, Frisch MJ, Hammes-Schiffer S, Li X. Simultaneous Optimization of Nuclear-Electronic Orbitals. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7033-7039. [PMID: 36154137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate modeling of important nuclear quantum effects, such as nuclear delocalization, zero-point energy, and tunneling, as well as non-Born-Oppenheimer effects, requires treatment of both nuclei and electrons quantum mechanically. The nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) method provides an elegant framework to treat specified nuclei, typically protons, on the same level as the electrons. In conventional electronic structure theory, finding a converged ground state can be a computationally demanding task; converging NEO wavefunctions, due to their coupled electronic and nuclear nature, is even more demanding. Herein, we present an efficient simultaneous optimization method that uses the direct inversion in the iterative subspace method to simultaneously converge wavefunctions for both the electrons and quantum nuclei. Benchmark studies show that the simultaneous optimization method can significantly reduce the computational cost compared to the conventional stepwise method for optimizing NEO wavefunctions for multicomponent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Mathew Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Andrew Wildman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michael J Frisch
- Gaussian Incorporated, 340 Quinnipiac Street, Bldg 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | | | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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45
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Dou X, Jin H, Wu T, Huang J, Zhang B, Liu Z, Chen T, Yan Y. Physical Insight into the Conditions Required in the Solid-Phase Molecular Self-Assembly of SDS Revealed by Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6345-6353. [PMID: 35971652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembled materials have attracted considerable interest in recent years. As part of the efforts to overcome the shortcoming that the solution-based methods were hardly applicable in preparing bulk macroscopic molecular self-assemblies, Yan [ CCS Chem. 2020, 2, 98-106] developed a strategy of solid-phase molecular self-assembly (SPMSA) that allows scaling up the generation of massive supramolecular films. It is highly desired to understand the physical insight into the SPMSA at a molecular level. Here, in combination with the experimental study, we report molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the SPMSA of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) using a coarse-grained method with the Martini force field model. The MD simulations clearly manifest that a small amount of water is required to endow the SDS molecules with sufficient mobility to self-assemble, and the smaller size of the preassembled SDS particles favors their further fusion into mesophases by reducing the total surface Gibbs free energy, while the smaller interparticle distance decreases the time for the particle fusion. The simulation results agree well with the conditions required in the experiment, confirming that SMPSA is a free-energy-favored process leading to bulk self-assembled materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Dou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Tongyue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xian 710127, China
| | - Yun Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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46
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Stetzler J, Rassolov VA. Comparison of Born–Oppenheimer approximation and electron-nuclear correlation. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Stetzler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Vitaly A. Rassolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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47
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Pavosevic F, Hammes-Schiffer S. Triple electron-electron-proton excitations and second-order approximations in nuclear-electronic orbital coupled cluster methods. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate description of nuclear quantum effects, such as zero-point energy, is important for modeling a wide range of chemical and biological processes. Within the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) approach, such effects are incorporated in a computationally efficient way by treating electrons and select nuclei, typically protons, quantum mechanically with molecular orbital techniques. Herein, we implement and test a NEO coupled cluster method that explicitly includes the triple electron-proton excitations, where two electrons and one proton are excited simultaneously. Our calculations show that this NEO-CCSD(eep) method provides highly accurate proton densities and proton affinities, outperforming any previously studied NEO method. These examples highlight the importance of the triple electron-electron-proton excitations for an accurate description of nuclear quantum effects. Additionally, we also implement and test the second-order approximate coupled cluster with singles and doubles (NEO-CC2) method, as well as its scaled-opposite-spin (SOS) versions. The NEO-SOS$'$-CC2 method, which scales the electron-proton correlation energy as well as the opposite-spin and same-spin components of the electron-electron correlation energy, achieves nearly the same accuracy as the NEO-CCSD(eep) method for the properties studied. Because of its low computational cost, this method will enable a wide range of chemical and photochemical applications for large molecular systems. This work sets the stage for a wide range of developments and applications within the NEO framework.
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48
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Pavosevic F, Rubio A. Wavefunction embedding for molecular polaritons. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0095552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polaritonic chemistry relies on the strong light-matter interaction phenomena for altering the chemical reaction rates inside optical cavities. To explain and to understand these processes, the development of reliable theoretical models is essential. While computationally efficient quantum electrodynamics self-consistent field (QED-SCF) methods, such as quantum electrodynamics density functional theory (QEDFT) needs accurate functionals, quantum electrodynamics coupled cluster (QED-CC) methods provide a systematic increase in accuracy but at much greater cost. To overcome this computational bottleneck, herein we introduce and develop the QED-CC-in-QED-SCF projection-based embedding method that inherits all the favorable properties from the two worlds, computational efficiency and accuracy. The performance of the embedding method is assessed by studying some prototypical but relevant reactions, such as methyl transfer reaction, proton transfer reaction, as well as protonation reaction in a complex environment. The results obtained with the new embedding method are in excellent agreement with more expensive QED-CC results. The analysis performed on these reactions indicate that the electron-photon correlation effects are local in nature and that only a small region should be treated at the QED-CC level for capturing important effects due to cavity. This work sets the stage for future developments of polaritonic quantum chemistry methods and it will serve as a guideline for development of other polaritonic embedding models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Germany
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49
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Fetherolf JH, Pavošević F, Tao Z, Hammes-Schiffer S. Multicomponent Orbital-Optimized Perturbation Theory with Density Fitting: Anharmonic Zero-Point Energies in Protonated Water Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5563-5570. [PMID: 35696537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear quantum effects such as zero-point energy are important in a wide range of chemical and biological processes. The nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) framework intrinsically includes such effects by treating electrons and specified nuclei quantum mechanically on the same level. Herein, we implement the NEO scaled-opposite-spin orbital-optimized second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory with electron-proton correlation scaling (NEO-SOS'-OOMP2) using density fitting. This efficient implementation allows applications to larger systems with multiple quantum protons. Both the NEO-SOS'-OOMP2 method and its counterpart without orbital optimization predict proton affinities to within experimental precision and relative energies of protonated water tetramer isomers in agreement with previous NEO coupled cluster calculations. Applications to protonated water hexamers and heptamers illustrate that anharmonicity is critical for computing accurate relative energies. The NEO-SOS'-OOMP2 approach captures anharmonic zero-point energies at any geometry in a computationally efficient manner and hence will be useful for investigating reaction paths and dynamics in chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Fetherolf
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Fabijan Pavošević
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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50
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Chu W, Tan S, Zheng Q, Fang W, Feng Y, Prezhdo OV, Wang B, Li XZ, Zhao J. Ultrafast charge transfer coupled to quantum proton motion at molecule/metal oxide interface. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2675. [PMID: 35714193 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) in the hydrogen bond (H-bond) network influence the photoexcited charge transfer at semiconductor/molecule interface is a challenging problem. By combining two kinds of emerging molecular dynamics methods at the ab initio level, the path integral-based molecular dynamics and time-dependent nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, and choosing CH3OH/TiO2 as a prototypical system to study, we find that the quantum proton motion in the H-bond network is strongly coupled with the ultrafast photoexcited charge dynamics at the interface. The hole trapping ability of the adsorbed methanol molecule is notably enhanced by the NQEs, and thus, it behaves as a hole scavenger on titanium dioxide. The critical role of the H-bond network is confirmed by in situ scanning tunneling microscope measurements with ultraviolet light illumination. It is concluded the quantum proton motion in the H-bond network plays a critical role in influencing the energy conversion efficiency based on photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijing Zheng
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yexin Feng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials, Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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