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Mattelin V, Verfaille L, Kundu K, De Wildeman S, Boon N. A New Colorimetric Test for Accurate Determination of Plastic Biodegradation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102311. [PMID: 37242886 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As plastic waste is accumulating in both controlled waste management settings and natural settings, much research is devoted to search for solutions, also in the field of biodegradation. However, determining the biodegradability of plastics in natural environments remains a big challenge due to the often very low biodegradation rates. Many standardised test methods for biodegradation in natural environments exist. These are often based on mineralisation rates in controlled conditions and are thus indirect measurements of biodegradation. It is of interest for both researchers and companies to have tests that are more rapid, easier, and more reliable to screen different ecosystems and/or niches for their plastic biodegradation potential. In this study, the goal is to validate a colorimetric test, based on carbon nanodots, to screen biodegradation of different types of plastics in natural environments. After introducing carbon nanodots into the matrix of the target plastic, a fluorescent signal is released upon plastic biodegradation. The in-house-made carbon nanodots were first confirmed regarding their biocompatibility and chemical and photostability. Subsequently, the effectivity of the developed method was evaluated positively by an enzymatic degradation test with polycaprolactone with Candida antarctica lipase B. Finally, validation experiments were performed with enriched microorganisms and real environmental samples (freshwater and seawater), of which the results were compared with parallel, frequently used biodegradation measures such as O2 and CO2, dissolved organic carbon, growth and pH, to assess the reliability of the test. Our results indicate that this colorimetric test is a good alternative to other methods, but a combination of different methods gives the most information. In conclusion, this colorimetric test is a good fit to screen, in high throughput, the depolymerisation of plastics in natural environments and under different conditions in the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Mattelin
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennert Verfaille
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kankana Kundu
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Santolin L, Thiele I, Neubauer P, Riedel SL. Tailoring the HHx monomer content of P(HB- co-HHx) by flexible substrate compositions: scale-up from deep-well-plates to laboratory bioreactor cultivations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1081072. [PMID: 37214303 PMCID: PMC10193151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhanced material properties exhibited by the microbially synthetized polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(HB-co-HHx)] evidence that this naturally biodegrading biopolymer could replace various functionalities of established petrochemical plastics. In fact, the thermal processability, toughness and degradation rate of P(HB-co-HHx) can be tuned by modulating its HHx molar content enabling to manufacture polymers à-la-carte. We have developed a simple batch strategy to precisely control the HHx content of P(HB-co-HHx) to obtain tailor-made PHAs with defined properties. By adjusting the ratio of fructose to canola oil as substrates for the cultivation of recombinant Ralstonia eutropha Re2058/pCB113, the molar fraction of HHx in P(HB-co-HHx) could be adjusted within a range of 2-17 mol% without compromising polymer yields. The chosen strategy proved to be robust from the mL-scale in deep-well-plates to 1-L batch bioreactor cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Santolin
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Thiele
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian L. Riedel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Department VIII – Mechanical Engineering, Event Technology and Process Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental and Bioprocess Engineering, Berlin, Germany
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Song X, Ding J, Tian W, Xu H, Zou H, Wang Z. Effects of plastisphere on phosphorus availability in freshwater system: Critical roles of polymer type and colonizing habitat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161990. [PMID: 36737019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm covered microplastics (BMPs) can act as vectors for the transport of exogenous microbial groups to aquatic ecosystem. However, a consensus regarding the formation and development of BMPs and their effect on phosphorus (P) availability has not been reached. Herein, plastic particles made of fuel-based (PET) and biobased polymers (PLA) were deployed in water and hyporheic zones of an urban river for biofilm colonization. Then, BMPs were transferred to lab incubation to study their effects on the P availability. The results showed that different microplastic biofilms had various bacteria and phytoplankton compositions. Additionally, BMPs induced a shift in the microbial co-occurrence patterns co-differentiated by polymer type and colonizing habitats. Network analyses revealed that the structure of PLA BMPs was more robust, while PET colonized in the hyporheic zone reduced network complexity with looser connections between species, and stronger negatively correlated interactions. However, PET formed denser biofilms by the excretion of extracellular polymeric substances from microalgae, which contributed to the better capacity of P utilization. PET colonized in the water/hyporheic zone significantly decreased soluble reactive phosphate by 42.5 % and 30.8 %, respectively. The abovementioned results indicated that BMPs have the potential to disrupt nutrient availability. This study broadens our perspectives for the ecological effects of BMPs in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Song
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiannan Ding
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China; Biomass Energy and Biological Carbon Reduction Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wenqing Tian
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China; Biomass Energy and Biological Carbon Reduction Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Ding Z, Kumar V, Sar T, Harirchi S, Dregulo AM, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Binod P, Liu X, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ, Awasthi MK. Agro waste as a potential carbon feedstock for poly-3-hydroxy alkanoates production: Commercialization potential and technical hurdles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128058. [PMID: 36191751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The enormous production and widespread applications of non -biodegradable plastics lead to their accumulation and toxicity to animals and humans. The issue can be addressed by the development of eco-friendly strategies for the production of biopolymers by utilization of waste residues like agro residues. This will address two societal issues - waste management and the development of an eco-friendly biopolymer, poly-3-hydroxy alkanoates (PHAs). Strategies adopted for utilization of agro-residues, challenges and future perspectives are discussed in detail in this comprehensive review. The possibility of PHA properties improvements can be increased by preparation of blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheli Ding
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam 602105, India
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Andrei Mikhailovich Dregulo
- Institute for Regional Economy Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IRES RAS), 38 Serpukhovskaya str, 190013 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam 691505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | | | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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Hung CM, Chen CW, Huang CP, Sheu DS, Dong CD. Metal-free catalysis for organic micropollutant degradation in waste activated sludge via poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) biopolymers using Cupriavidus sp. L7L coupled with peroxymonosulfate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127680. [PMID: 35878764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study employed a novel and environment-friendly biopolymer/oxidant catalytic system, viz., poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/peroxymonosulfate (PHB/PMS), for pretreating wastewater sludge for the first time. Under optimal conditions, i.e., 3.1 × 10-4 M of PMS and 3.3 g/L of PHB at pH = 6.0, the PAHs in the sludge matrix was decreased by 79 % in 12 h. Increase in salinity (75 % synthetic seawater) achieved 83 % of PAHs degradation. Functional groups (CO) of the biopolymer matrix were active centers for biopolymer-mediated electron transfer that produced reactive oxygen species (SO4-, HO, and 1O2) for adsorption and catalytic oxidation of PAHs in the sludge. Functional metagenomic analysis revealed the main genus, Conexibacter (phylum, Actinobacteria) exhibited PAH-degrading function with high efficiency in the biodegradation of PAHs from sludge pretreated with PHB/PMS. Coupling chemical oxidation and biostimulation using bacterial polymer-based biomaterials is effective and beneficial for pretreating wastewater sludge toward circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Der-Shyan Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Song R, Sun Y, Li X, Ding C, Huang Y, Du X, Wang J. Biodegradable microplastics induced the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in soil: A metagenomic perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154596. [PMID: 35302032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the ecological safety of both conventional and biodegradable microplastics have grown due to the inadequate end-of-life treatments of plastics. In this study, the effects of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) were estimated in a soil microcosm experiment. The gene profiles and their respective bacterial hosts in soil were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing methods. The abundances of ARGs and VFs in polybutylene succinate (PBS) treated soils were statistically higher than the values in the control and conventional microplastic treatments. In comparison with the control, application of conventional microplastics showed negligible effects on ARG and VF profiles in the soil, while biodegradable microplastic amendments significantly changed the compositions of ARGs and VFs. The host-tracking analysis suggested application of microplastics broadened the bacterial hosts of ARGs and VFs in the soil. The percentage of Proteobacteria as ARG hosts increased from 38.5% in the control soils to 58.2% in microplastic exposed soil. The genus Bradyrhizobium was the dominant host of ARGs and VFs in biodegradable microplastic treatments, while conventional microplastics increased the percentages of Pseudomonas as the bacterial hosts. This study enhances the understanding of the effects of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on the propagation and hosts of ARGs and VFs in the terrestrial environment, providing essential insights into the risk assessment and management of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanze Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changfeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Du
- Collage of Maine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kumar V, Sehgal R, Gupta R. Blends and composites of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and their applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fukami K, Takagi F, Shimizu S, Ishigo K, Takahashi M, Horikawa T. Isolation of bacteria able to degrade poly-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate, and the inhibitory effects of the degradation products on shrimp pathogen Vibrio penaeicida. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105167. [PMID: 34478859 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate (PHBH) is a biodegradable, water-insoluble polymer produced by specific bacteria. The monomers of PHBH are the hydroxyalkanoic acids 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HH). Previously, we reported that 3HB and 3HH showed marked antibacterial activities against the shrimp pathogenic bacterium Vibrio penaeicida, and that addition of 5% (w/w) PHBH to the standard aquaculture diet significantly increased survival rate in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) after challenge by V. penaeicida, which we attributed to the degradation of PHBH to its monomers in the shrimp gut. In the present study, we isolated four strains of bacteria with high PHBH-degrading activity and evaluated their inhibitory effects on V. penaeicida with PHBH: one strain from shrimp gut contents (E1; Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis/P. mariniglutinosa), two strains from coastal surface seawater (F1; P. shioyasakiensis/P. mariniglutinosa, and F5; Alcanivorax dieselolei/A. xenomutans), and one strain that was a contaminant in commercial PHBH powder (Y1; Bacillus pseudofirmus). Strains E1, F1, and Y1 showed strong PHBH-degrading activity within 24 h of inoculation to PHBH-containing agar plates. Although none of the isolates alone had any effect on the growth of V. penaeicida, when cultured with E1 or F1 and PHBH, the growth of V. penaeicida was markedly suppressed. Incubation with E1 and PHBH resulted in a gradual reduction in the concentration of V. penaeicida from 2 days after the start of incubation until the concentration was 1.2% of that in the control (V. penaeicida alone). Incubation with F1 and PHBH resulted in a rapid reduction in the concentration of V. penaeicida from 2 days after the start of incubation until the concentration was only 0.32% of that of the control. Compared with strains E1 and F1, Y1 showed similar PHBH-degrading activity but did not show any suppressive effect on the growth of V. penaeicida until 5 days after the start of incubation. In addition, this suppressive effect was relatively weak compared with that of the other two strains, suggesting that Y1 can quickly degrade PHBH but that it takes several days to produce monomers. Together, these results suggest that addition to the aquaculture diet of PHBH and PHBH-degrading bacteria that rapidly degrade PHBH to its monomers may speed up degradation of PHBH to its monomers in the shrimp gut, and that it would increase resistance to infection mortality by V. penaeicida in kuruma shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Fukami
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Monobe 200, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Fumika Takagi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Monobe 200, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Monobe 200, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Kaito Ishigo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Monobe 200, Nankoku-shi, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Michiko Takahashi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Takao Horikawa
- Kaneka Corporation, Nakanoshima, Osaka, 530-8288, Japan.
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