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Yan R, Jiang Z. Energy-saving and emission-reduction potential of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks in China during the fuel life cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80559-80572. [PMID: 37296253 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exploring alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technology is a crucial strategy for vehicle emission reduction. Fuel cell heavy-duty trucks (FC-HDTs) have a promising application prospect to alleviate the high energy consumption and emissions of road freight, but their environmental performance during the fuel life cycle should be further studied. This study is aimed at evaluating the fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions of FC-HDTs in China using the updated GREET model. The results show that (1) comparing various hydrogen production pathways, it is found that the coke oven gas (COG) pathway can provide the best environmental performance, while the energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the coal gasification (CG) and grid power water electrolysis (GPWE) pathways will be significantly decreased in the future. (2) Among the involved vehicles in China, FC-HDT with GVWR18 has the greatest energy-saving and emission-reduction potential. (3) The application of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology in hydrogen production is conducive to improving the emission-reduction effect of FC-HDT while increasing its energy consumption slightly. The key to achieving upstream carbon neutrality is to optimize the hydrogen production structure and electricity mix, along with adjusting the hydrogen production process and transportation mode. Furthermore, the fuel economy and payload of the FC-HDT affect its environmental performance, indicating the importance of improving the technology of the drivetrain, fuel cell, and hydrogen storage tank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhijuan Jiang
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Mandade P, Weil M, Baumann M, Wei Z. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Emerging Solid-State Batteries: A Review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Gonzalez-Garay A, Bui M, Ordóñez DF, High M, Oxley A, Moustafa N, Cavazos PAS, Patrizio P, Sunny N, Dowell NM, Shah N. Hydrogen Production and Its Applications to Mobility. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:501-528. [PMID: 35417199 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen has been identified as one of the key elements to bolster longer-term climate neutrality and strategic autonomy for several major countries. Multiple road maps emphasize the need to accelerate deployment across its supply chain and utilization. Being one of the major contributors to global CO2 emissions, the transportation sector finds in hydrogen an appealing alternative to reach sustainable development through either its direct use in fuel cells or further transformation to sustainable fuels. This review summarizes the latest developments in hydrogen use across the major energy-consuming transportation sectors. Rooted in a systems engineering perspective, we present an analysis of the entire hydrogen supply chain across its economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Providing an outlook on the sector, we discuss the challenges hydrogen faces in penetrating the different transportation markets. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Gonzalez-Garay
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mai Bui
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; .,Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Freire Ordóñez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael High
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Oxley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Moustafa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Piera Patrizio
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nixon Sunny
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; .,Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Mac Dowell
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; .,Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nilay Shah
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Life Cycle Assessment of Battery Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles Considering the Impact of Electricity Generation Mix: A Case Study in China. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are considered to have higher energy efficiency and advantages to better control CO2 emissions compared to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs). However, in the context that a large amount of thermal power is still used in developing countries, the CO2 emission reduction effectiveness of BEVs can be weakened or even counterproductive. To reveal the impact of the electricity generation mix on carbon emissions from vehicles, this paper compares the life cycle carbon emissions of BEVs with ICEVs considering the regional disparity of electricity generation mix in China. According to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis and regional electricity carbon intensity, this study demonstrates that BEVs in the region with high penetration of thermal power produce more CO2 emissions, while BEVs in the region with higher penetration of renewable energy have better environmental performance in carbon emission reduction. For instance, in the region with over 50%penetration of renewable energy, a BEV can reduce more CO2 (18.32 t) compared to an ICEV. Therefore, the regions with high carbon emissions from vehicles need to increase the proportion of renewable generation as a priority rather than promoting BEVs.
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From Microcars to Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Vehicle Performance Comparison of Battery and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles. VEHICLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/vehicles3040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Low vehicle occupancy rates combined with record conventional vehicle sales justify the requirement to optimize vehicle type based on passengers and a powertrain with zero-emissions. This study compares the performance of different vehicle types based on the number of passengers/payloads, powertrain configuration (battery and fuel cell electric configurations), and drive cycles, to assess range and energy consumption. An adequate choice of vehicle segment according to the real passenger occupancy enables the least energy consumption. Vehicle performance in terms of range points to remarkable results for the FCEV (fuel cell electric vehicle) compared to BEV (battery electric vehicle), where the former reached an average range of 600 km or more in all different drive cycles, while the latter was only cruising nearly 350 km. Decisively, the cost analysis indicated that FCEV remains the most expensive option with base cost three-fold that of BEV. The FCEV showed notable results with an average operating cost of less than 7 cents/km, where BEV cost more than 10 €/km in addition to the base cost for light-duty vehicles. The cost analysis for a bus and semi-truck showed that with a full payload, FCPT (fuel cell powertrain) would be more economical with an average energy cost of ~1.2 €/km, while with BPT the energy cost is more than 300 €/km.
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Kozlov AV, Porsin AV, Dobrovol’skii YA, Kashin AM, Terenchenko AS, Gorin MA, Tikhonov AN, Milov KV. Life Cycle Assesment of Powertrains Based on a Battery, Hydrogen Fuel Cells, and Internal Combustion Engine for Urban Buses under the Conditions of Moscow Oblast. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427221060136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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