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Pu C, Liu Y, Zhu J, Ma J, Cui M, Mehdi OM, Wang B, Wang A, Zhang C. Mechanisms insights into bisphenol S-induced oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disruption, and autophagy dysfunction in freshwater crayfish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135704. [PMID: 39217924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is widely used in plastic products, food packaging, electronic products, and other applications. In recent years, BPS emissions have increasingly impacted aquatic ecosystems. The effects of BPS exposure on aquatic animal health have been documented; however, our understanding of its toxicology remains limited. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and autophagy dysfunction induced in freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) by exposure to different concentrations of BPS (0 µg/L, 1 µg/L, 10 µg/L, and 100 µg/L) over 14 d. The results indicated that BPS exposure led to oxidative stress by inducing elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes. Additionally, BPS exposure led to increased lipid content in the serum and hepatopancreas, which was associated with elevated lipid-related enzyme activity and increased expression of related genes. Furthermore, BPS exposure decreased levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), disrupted glycerophospholipid (GPI) metabolism, and caused lipid deposition in the hepatopancreatic. These phenomena may have occurred because BPS exposure reduced the transport of fatty acids and led to hepatopancreatic lipid deposition by inhibiting the transport and synthesis of PC and PI in the hepatopancreas, thereby inhibiting the PI3K-AMPK pathway. In conclusion, BPS exposure induced oxidative stress, promoted lipid accumulation, and led to autophagy dysfunction in the hepatopancreas of freshwater crayfish. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that environmentally relevant levels of BPS exposure can induce hepatopancreatic lipid deposition through multiple pathways, raising concerns about the potential population-level harm of BPS and other bisphenol analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Pu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyi Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jianshuang Ma
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mengran Cui
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | | | - Bingke Wang
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunnuan Zhang
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
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Gao X, Li Y, Shen J, Huang Y, Wang Y, Niu X. LC-MS untargeted metabolomics reveals metabolic disturbance and ferroptosis in MWCNTs-induced hepatotoxicity of Cyprinus carpio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 275:107078. [PMID: 39241468 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there is a great concern about the potential adverse effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the aquatic systems due to their increasingly extensive application. In this study, juvenile Cyprinus carpio were exposed to multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) at concentrations of 0, 0.25, and 2.5 mg L-1 for 28 days. Then, oxidative stress indicators and metabolite profile of the livers were assessed. Results showed the significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and decrease of glutathione (GSH) activities in fish treated with 2.5 mg L-1 MWCNTs. LC-MS untargeted metabolomics demonstrated that 406 and 274 metabolites in fish treated with 2.5 mg L-1 MWCNTs were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. KEGG functional annotation analysis showed the disturbance of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. In addition, ferroptosis signaling pathway was detected. Therefore, iron content analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay were performed furtherly to validate the contribution of ferroptosis to MWCNTs-induced hepatotoxicity. The iron content increased significantly and the mRNA levels of ferroptosis-related genes including STEAP3, ACSL4, NCOA4, TFR1, NRF2, SLC3A2, SLC7A11, GPX4, and FPN1 were also obviously changed. Taken together, our study suggested that MWCNTs exposure-induced ferroptosis were associated with iron overload and lipid peroxidation via NRF2/SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 axis. Our findings provide essential information to understand the mechanism of CNTs-induced hepatotoxicity in fish and explore potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochan Gao
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Yimin Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yashuai Wang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xuehan Niu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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Zhao Y, Luo F, Jiao F, Tang T, Wu S, Wang F, Zhao X. Combined toxic effects of fluxapyroxad and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Xenopus laevis larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142685. [PMID: 38909862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials rarely exist in isolation in the natural environment, and their combined effects cannot be ignored. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have shown tremendous potential applications in diverse fields, including pollution remediation, biomedicine, energy, and smart agriculture. However, the combined toxicities of MWCNTs and pesticides on non-target organisms, particularly amphibians, are often overlooked. Fluxapyroxad (FLX), a significant succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has been extensively utilized for the protection of food and cash crops and control of fungi. This raises the possibility of coexistence of MWCNTs and FLX. The objective of this study was to explore the individual and combined toxic effects of FLX and MWCNTs on the early life stages of Xenopus laevis. Embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of FLX (0, 5, and 50 μg/L) either alone or in combination with MWCNTs (100 μg/L) for a duration of 17 days. The findings indicated that co-exposure to FLX and MWCNTs worsened the inhibition of growth, liver damage, and dysregulation of enzymatic activity in tadpoles. Liver transcriptomic analysis further revealed that the presence of MWCNTs exacerbated the disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism caused by FLX. Additionally, the combined exposure groups exhibited amplified alterations in the composition and function of the gut microflora. Our study suggests that it is imperative to pay greater attention to the agricultural applications, management and ecological risks of MWCNTs in the future, considering MWCNTs may significantly enhance the toxicity of FLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fang Jiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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Mesmar F, Muhsen M, Farooq I, Maxey G, Tourigny JP, Tennessen J, Bondesson M. Exposure to the pesticide tefluthrin causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596249. [PMID: 38854095 PMCID: PMC11160659 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticide tefluthrin is widely used in agriculture, resulting in widespread pollution. Tefluthrin is a type I pyrethroid characterized by its high persistence in the environment. Understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of tefluthrin will improve its risk assessment. OBJECTIVES We aimed to decipher the molecular modes of action of tefluthrin. METHODS Phenotypic developmental toxicity was assessed by exposing zebrafish embryos and larvae to increasing concentrations of tefluthrin. Tg(mnx:mGFP) line was used to assess neurotoxicity. Multi-omics approaches including transcriptomics and lipidomics were applied to analyze RNA and lipid contents, respectively. Finally, an in-silico ligand-protein docking computational method was used to study a possible interaction between tefluthrin and a protein target. RESULTS Tefluthrin exposure caused severe morphological malformations in zebrafish larvae, including motor neuron abnormalities. The differentially expressed genes were associated with neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption. Lipidomics analysis revealed a disruption in fatty acid, phospholipid, and lysophospholipid recycling. Protein docking modeling suggested that the LPCAT3 enzyme, which recycles lysophospholipids in the Land's cycle, directly interacts with tefluthrin. CONCLUSIONS Tefluthrin exposure causes morphological and neuronal malformations in zebrafish larvae at nanomolar concentrations. Multi-omics results revealed a potential molecular initiating event i.e., inhibition of LPCAT3, and key events i.e., an altered lysophospholipid to phospholipid ratio, leading to the adverse outcomes of neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption.
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Xiu W, Ding W, Mou S, Li Y, Sultan Y, Ma J, Li X. Adverse effects of fenpropathrin on the intestine of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the mechanism involved. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105799. [PMID: 38458669 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fenpropathrin (FEN), a pyrethroid pesticide, is frequently detected in natural water bodies, unavoidable pose adverse effects to aquatic organisms. However, the harmful effects and potential mechanisms of FEN on aquatic species are poorly understood. In this study, common carp were treatment with FEN at 0.45 and 1.35 μg/L for 14 d, and the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of FEN on the intestine of carp were revealed. RNA-seq results showed that FEN exposure cause a wide range of transcriptional alterations in the intestine and the differentially expressed genes were mainly enrichment in the pathways related to immune and metabolism. Specifically, FEN exposure induced pathological damage and altered submicroscopic structure of the intestine, elevated the levels of Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin, altered the contents of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), and causing injury to the intestinal barrier. In addition, inflammation-related index TNF-α in the serum and IL-6 in the intestinal tissues were generally increased after FEN exposure. Moreover, FEN exposure promoted an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), upregulated the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the intestines. The apoptosis-related parameter cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were significantly altered, indicating that inflammation reaction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis may be involved in the toxic mechanism of FEN on carp. Moreover, FEN treatment also altered the intestinal flora community significantly, which may affect the intestinal normal physiological function and thus affect the growth of fish. Overall, the present study help to clarify the intestinal reaction mechanisms after FEN treatment, and provide a basis for the risk assessment of FEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyao Xiu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Weikai Ding
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shaoyu Mou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Yousef Sultan
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology and Health Protection, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Yang Y, Xu X, He B, Chang J, Zheng Y, Li Y. The role of miRNA-26a-5p and target gene socs1a in flutolanil induced hepatotoxicity of zebrafish at environmental relevant levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122322. [PMID: 37544405 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Flutolanil has been detected worldwide in aquatic environment and fish, which has become an undeniable stressor on ecosystem and human health. Flutolanil has been reported to be toxic to aquatic organisms. However, the pathophysiological and molecular mechanism behind the detrimental effects remains obscure. Here we reported hepatotoxicity induced by flutolanil in HepG2 cells and zebrafish, as revealed by toxicokinetic, HE staining, miRNAs-mRNAs sequencing, molecular dynamic simulations and dual luciferase reporter assays. Collectively, our results indicated that flutolanil could be absorbed by and accumulated in the liver of zebrafish, causing hepatic vacuolar degeneration, steatosis and nuclear condensation and abnormal liver function, where its exposure at environmental levels disrupted the expressions of miRNA-26a-5p and its target gene socs1a by mediating JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which was partially responsible for hepatotoxicity, correlated with oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, inflammation, cell cycle disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings suggest that miRNA-26a-5p/socs1a can serve as potential biomarkers of hepatotoxicity in zebrafish following exposure to flutolanil. This uncovered route will provide a new tool for the risk assessment of flutolanil and a guide to proper use of flutolanil and environmental remedy, and open up a new horizon for liver disease assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Health and Medicine, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhe Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao Y, Jiao F, Tang T, Wu S, Wang F, Zhao X. Adverse effects and potential mechanisms of fluxapyroxad in Xenopus laevis on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121710. [PMID: 37137408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are one of significant contributing factors to the rapid decline of amphibian species worldwide. Fluxapyroxad (FLX), an effective and broad-spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has attracted major concerns due to its long-lasting in the environment. However, the potential toxicity of FLX in the development of amphibians remains mostly unknown. In this research, the potential toxic effects and mechanisms of FLX on Xenopus laevis were investigated. In the acute toxicity test, the 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of FLX to X. laevis tadpoles was 1.645 mg/L. Based on the acute toxicity result, tadpoles at the stage 51 were exposed to 0, 0.00822, 0.0822, and 0.822 mg/L FLX during 21 days. Results demonstrated that FLX exposure led to an apparent delay in the growth and development of tadpoles and associated with severe liver injury. Additionally, FLX induced glycogen depletion and lipid accumulation in the liver of X. laevis. The biochemical analysis of plasma and liver indicated that FLX exposure could perturb liver glucose and lipid homeostasis by altering enzyme activity related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and oxidation. Consistent with the biochemical result, FLX exposure altered the liver transcriptome profile, and the enrichment analysis of differential expression genes highlighted the adverse effects of FLX exposure on steroid biosynthesis, PPAR signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism in the tadpole liver. Overall, our study was the first to reveal that sub-lethal concentrations of FLX could induce liver damage and produce obvious interference effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of Xenopus, providing new insight into the potential chronic hazards of FLX for amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fang Jiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032268. [PMID: 36768591 PMCID: PMC9916951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides can affect the health of individual organisms and the function of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, thorough assessment of the risks associated with the use of pesticides is a high-priority task. An enzyme inhibition-based assay is used in this study as a convenient and quick tool to study the effects of pesticides at the molecular level. The contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulations has been studied by analyzing effects of 7 active ingredients of pesticides (AIas) and 10 commercial formulations based on them (AIfs) on the function of a wide range of enzyme assay systems differing in complexity (single-, coupled, and three-enzyme assay systems). Results have been compared with the effects of AIas and AIfs on bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum. Mostly, AIfs produce a considerably stronger inhibitory effect on the activity of enzyme assay systems and bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium than AIas, which confirms the contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulation. Results of the current study demonstrate that "inert" ingredients are not ecotoxicologically safe and can considerably augment the inhibitory effect of pesticide formulations; therefore, their use should be controlled more strictly. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of the enzymes used for assays do not show any changes in the protein structure in the presence of commercial pesticide formulations during the assay procedure. This finding suggests that pesticides produce the inhibitory effect on enzymes through other mechanisms.
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Qin N, Liu Z, Zhao L, Bao M, Mei X, Li D. Promising instrument-free detections of various analytes using smartphones with Spotxel ® Reader. ANAL SCI 2022; 39:139-148. [PMID: 36460855 PMCID: PMC9718457 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In consideration of the problems related to food safety, environmental pollution, and the spread of infected diseases nowadays, we urgently need testing methods that can be easily performed by common people. Smartphone-based detections are promising for general applications. However, some of these analytical strategies require a combination of accessories and instruments, such as portable electrochemical workstations, mini multi-mode microplate readers, and complex temperature control devices, etc., which are small but still expensive. Herein, we comprehensively introduce a free app (Spotxel® Reader) that can provide accurate data analysis for microplate or parallel-format test sensors without an instrument. By simulating the optical signal of the test samples through a smartphone, the sensing results can be obtained for free. We discuss the detection strategies involved in the reported smartphone-based analyses using Spotxel® Reader. Prospects for the development of this free app for future detection applications are presented. This review aims to popularize free analysis software, so that ordinary people may realize convenient tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001 China
| | - Lanbin Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Testing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001 China ,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000 China
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Li X, Ma M, Zhao B, Li N, Fang L, Wang D, Luan T. Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Induce Immunosuppression in THP-1 Macrophages Characterized by Disrupted Amino Acid Metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16012-16023. [PMID: 36282008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Frequent chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (Cl-PAH) occurrence in environmental samples and emerging detection in human serum have warned of their underestimated risks. Studies showed that some Cl-PAHs exhibit dioxin-like properties, implying immunotoxic potential but lacking direct evidence and specific mechanisms. Here, we integrated a high-content screening (HCS) system and high-resolution mass spectrometry to investigate the immune dysfunction and metabolic disruption induced by Cl-PAHs and their parent PAHs (PPAHs) in THP-1 macrophages. Both 9-chloroanthracene and 2,7-dichlorofluorene exerted clear immunosuppression on THP-1 mφs, while their PPAHs exhibited different immune disturbances. Interestingly, Cl-PAH/PPAHs induced complex alterations in the multicytokine/chemokine network, including biphasic alterations with initial inhibition and later enhancement. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction results revealed that inflammatory cytokines are the core of this complicated network regulation. Connecting immune phenotypes and metabolomics, amino acid metabolism reprogramming was identified as a potential cause of Cl-PAH/PAH-induced immunotoxicity. Phytosphingosine and l-kynurenine were proposed as candidate immunosuppression biomarkers upon Cl-PAH exposure. This article provides direct immunotoxicity evidence of Cl-PAHs without activating AhR for the first time and discusses the contribution of metabolites to Cl-PAH/PPAH-induced immune responses in macrophages, highlighting the potential of developing new methods based on immunometabolism mechanisms for toxic risk evaluation of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang515200, China
| | - Mei Ma
- China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Bilin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Na Li
- China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- China Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
- Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Rongjiang Laboratory), Jieyang515200, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
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